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Annotated Bibliography
Michelle L. Ray
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
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Resilience: Annotated Bibliography
Borji, M., Memaryan, N., Khorrami, Z., Farshadnia, E., & Sadighpour, M. (2020). Spiritual
health and resilience among university students: The mediating role of self-
esteem. Pastoral Psychology, 69(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-019-00889-y
The researchers' aim of this study was to hypothesize a heightened awareness of the
factors of resilience. Self-esteem seemed to be the suggestive advocate for the correlated
relationship between spiritual health and resiliency. The authors described various
definitions of resilience, from humanism, processes, and functions to positive outcomes.
The article details the two aspects of resilience in dealing with stress: resistance and
recovery. The hypothesis results from self-esteem being a mediator between spiritual
health and resilience. The authors provided detailed awareness for awareness of stress to
spiritual health that anyone can utilize for growth and stability.
Campbell, C., & Bauer, S. (2021). Christian faith and resilience: Implications for social work
practice. Social Work and Christianity, 48(1), 28 51.
https://doi.org/10.3403/swc.v48i1.212 In
this article, the author aimed to bring awareness to social work development and
conjectures about resilience and the admission of faith and religion do play a vital role in
the healing process. The author explains the five essential themes: communal resilience,
best spiritual practices, positive and negative faith coping, social work best practices, and
resilience characteristics. The articles discussed the implications for best practices and
hypotheses, focusing on uplifting the social work community by improving cognition on
readings on Christian faith and resiliency.The author wanted to show that the quantitative
and qualitative procedures from many years until now do not conceptualize the basic
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principles and the need for a comprehensive approach to increasing awareness of social
work practices. The article set out to provide attention for social work professionals to
obtain knowledge and understanding of how to capture spiritual and resiliency practices to
better the work environment. This article had valuable information to strengthen self-
esteem and resilience through spiritual cognition and increased positive self-health.
Counted, V., Neff, M. A., Captari, L. E., & Cowden, R. G. (2020). Transcending place
attachment disruptions during a public health crisis: Spiritual struggles, resilience, and
transformation. The Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 39(4), 276-287.
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/transcending-place-attachment-disruptions-
during/docview/2509692579/se-2
In this article, the authors focused on the situations of place attachment concerning the
post-outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The information speaks of the disruption of
pretenses of public health and the unfolding of the deep-rooted fight with spiritual and
religious beliefs. Place attachment disruption showed COVID-19 loss by moving from a
place of what was and moving to a place of resiliency. The authors provided a detailed
history of when SARS-CoV-2 derived from China in 2019 and the virus spread globally.
The spread put the world in a crisis due to the lack of available treatment and the effect of
the change faced by the human population.
The article detailly explained the stressors of the loss of family members and the
failure of familiarity of place attachment that produced a loss of connection and spiritual
understanding of purpose and hope. The article explained the dimensions of place
attachment disrupted by the pandemic. The dimension model explained affective place,
behavioral, and cognitive and how each responded differently to the COVID-19
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pandemic. The authors uncovered the finding of God, continued faith, and the deepened
spiritual connection that many faced to make sense of what was truly happening in the
world. This article provided detailed information to help to discover a sense of resiliency
and explained displacement during the pandemic.
East, L., Hutchinson, M., Power, T., & Jackson, D. (2020). "Being a father": Constructions of
fatherhood by men with absent fathers. Journal of Family Studies, 26(3), 477-
487. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2018.1459308
The authors reported the findings on a familiar topic concerning family structure,
parenting styles, and absent fathers. The article explores the nuances of children and men
who grew up in a single-mother home and how this life experience influenced their
journey towards manhood and becoming a father. The researchers defined fatherhood as
possessing deep-rooted behaviors that surpass physical reproduction.
The findings expressed essential facts about having an absent father empirical focus on
how parenting styles and family structure influenced, motivated, and provided
understanding to create resiliency. The article explored a population of men who grew up
without fathers and felt about their parental responsibilities and challenges as they
entered fatherhood.
The authors did a fantastic job capturing the men who were able to construct what
they believed to be an elaborate plan by resourcing the father figures and men they could
emulate. The resourced fathers came from friends, relatives, and fictitious fathers from
movies and television. Overall, the authors did a good job defining what it is to be a
father, and as times change, so will the parental styles. This article can help provide a
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resource for anyone who has experienced absentee fathers and mothers by providing
information on strengthening self-confidence and relationship awareness.
Francis, J. E. (2019). Integrating resilience, reciprocating social relationships, and christian
formation. Religious Education, 114(4), 500 512.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2019.1631948
The author invitingly begins to speak about spiritual maturity and Christian formation
concerning its development through faith development. The theory of resilience derives
from facets of disciplines described as a life experience moving a person from a traumatic
event to a place of wellness and sobriety. This article is written from a Christian
perspective to display the character of a believer and how faith growth is spiritual
maturity. The author postures the article to hypothesize that the unification of the
developmental model, rendering social integration, and the resiliency theory fosters
spiritual maturity. The articles define the Stages of Faith, social critiques, and the
relationship between resilience and spiritual maturity.
As defined in the article, resiliency is the ability to purposely journey through a
structured process socially while maintaining a sense of self and self-worth while
adapting to difficulties with a sense of hope. The author wants to bridge the paradigms
between resilience and spiritual maturity and connect the stage models with human
development. This article would benefit Christians who identify with spiritual maturity
and resiliency and foster positive relationships.
Leslie, J. L., Wray, J. N., & Lonneman, W. (2017). Resilience as a life practice: Lessons from
mother seton. Journal of Christian Nursing, 34(1), 29 33.
https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000246
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This article speaks about St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (a.k.a Mother Seton) and her
highlighted practices of spirituality, education, relationships, integration, adversity, and
most of all, her life as an example of undying resilience. Mother Seton was a nurse called
the First American Saint because of her selfless service during the early 1800s. Nurses
face daily stress, negative interactions, and loss, resulting in much-experienced
compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue is a combined feeling of loss of physical,
psychological, spiritual, and emotional connection while caring for patients. In this
article, the researcher analyzed the conceptualization of resilience and identified vital
components previously as adversity, mental cognition, and a realistic worldview to define
resilience.
Mother Seton faced great misfortune as a nurse and educator; however, she
possessed the mental cognition that stemmed from education, religious practices, and
relationship building; she adapted and overcame adversity. The article provided the
spiritual practices and education Mother Seton used to promote resiliency and be the first
woman to overcome compassion fatigue and use the basis of Jesus's friendship to care for
others.
O'Sullivan, L., & Lindsay, N. (2022). The relationship between spiritual intelligence, resilience,
and well-being in an aotearoa new zealand sample. Journal of Spirituality in Mental
Health, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1-
21. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2022.2086840
The article study explored the applications of spiritual intelligence (SI) concerning
positive self-health and resilience. The authors aim to expound on intelligence from a
spiritual perspective and show the more spiritually intelligent a person is, the more they
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can overcome symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety. The authors did an excellent
job distinguishing the typical definition of intelligence by showing multiple constructs of
the report. The statistical data resulted in a significant negative conclusion. However,
there was a substantial correlation between SI and other aspects of self-health. The
findings also suggest a high SI in a person result from high resilience and decreased
symptoms of negative self-health. This article was helpful in the exploration of the
discovery of new information and preventive measures to live by.
Phillips, R. (2021). Teachers’ faith, identity processes and resilience: A qualitative
approach. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(3), 310-319.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2021.1891860
This case study analyzed teachers’ mental health, work-related stress, conflicts, and
resiliency. The article hypothesized if there is a relationship between a teacher’s
resiliency and personal faith. The project explores the emotional interactions of teachers
and how they experience resiliency in connection with their spirituality. After
interviewing 16 teachers, the study examined the possibility that personal faith is linked
to a teacher’s resiliency. Classroom disruptions and conflicts regarding human behavior
are systemic from pre-K through high school. A teacher’s spirituality and belief are
essential resources to aid in coping with classroom conflicts by producing positive effects
and a nurturing environment.
Research suggests teachers’ religious beliefs aid in developing resilience and
cutting down on work-related stress. Resiliency, defined in the article, is described as a
complex, vigorous connection between the threat and protective measures. The empirical
study of teacher resilience is minimal; however, the report explains the extrinsic and
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intrinsic factors of a teacher’s resiliency. The study findings proposed that spirituality and
Christian coping strategies may aid in advancing teachers' resilience through identifying
identity placement. The method, in turn, helped counter identity threats and built
maintenance and stabilization in teachers. This study is helpful not only to teachers but
those who strive to promote Christian coping strategies within the community.
Tan, S. (2013). Resilience and posttraumatic growth: Empirical evidence and clinical
applications from a christian perspective. The Journal of Psychology and
Christianity, 32(4), 358.
This article covers the research on resilience and posttraumatic growth from a Christian
perspective. Resilience is the ability to adapt and overcome present threats and adversity.
However, the definition is inclusive to meet life events and life head-on and grow and
exist in the direction of prosperity. Moreover, the posttraumatic growth definition refers
to the directional outcome of the after-effects of threats and trauma that move to a place
of personal growth. The statistical data expresses the possibility of the North American
population facing a traumatic event in a year. The trauma stems from physical abuse,
death, terrorism, natural disasters, and fatal accidents. Although trauma changes people,
research shows that people can recover with heightened resilience. However, those
unable to recover can develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other emotional
stress disorders.
In addition, the author covers the resiliency of Veterans, the civilian population,
and non-Westernized countries. The empirical data showed the range of traumatic events,
the statistical breakdown from North America to Asia, and the outcomes. Lastly, the
article covers the clinical applications and strategies to increase resiliency through
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physical, mental, behavioral, and spiritual fitness. This research can enhance resiliency
for every part of life trauma.
Walker, H. E., Wamser-Nanney, R., & Howell, K. H. (2022). Relationships between childhood
interpersonal trauma, religious coping, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and
resilience. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(13-14), NP11296-
NP11314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521991883
The article's study examined if there was a correlation between religious coping and an
increased relationship between childhood interpersonal trauma, resilience, and post-
traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Childhood trauma can potentially lead to adult
physical and psychological health issues. The earlier the exposure, the more complex the
hurdle can be for untreated children. Some symptoms of untreated childhood trauma can
be but are not limited to anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The authors do a great job countering the adverse outcomes of interpersonal trauma by
integrating religious coping practices and positive results or resiliency. The study offered
valuable information on modifiable factors that may provide positive transformation
functional tools to edify childhood adversity.
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Reference
Borji, M., Memaryan, N., Khorrami, Z., Farshadnia, E., & Sadighpour, M. (2020). Spiritual
health and resilience among university students: The mediating role of self-
esteem. Pastoral Psychology, 69(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-019-00889-y
Counted, V., Neff, M. A., Captari, L. E., & Cowden, R. G. (2020). Transcending place
attachment disruptions during a public health crisis: Spiritual struggles, resilience, and
transformation. The Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 39(4), 276-287.
https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/transcending-place-attachment-disruptions-
during/docview/2509692579/se-2
East, L., Hutchinson, M., Power, T., & Jackson, D. (2020). "Being a father": Constructions of
fatherhood by men with absent fathers. Journal of Family Studies, 26(3), 477-
487. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2018.1459308
Francis, J. E. (2019). Integrating resilience, reciprocating social relationships, and christian
formation. Religious Education, 114(4), 500 512.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2019.1631948
Leslie, J. L., Wray, J. N., & Lonneman, W. (2017). Resilience as a life practice: Lessons from
mother seton. Journal of Christian Nursing, 34(1), 29 33.
https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000246
O'Sullivan, L., & Lindsay, N. (2022). The relationship between spiritual intelligence, resilience,
and well-being in an aotearoa new zealand sample. Journal of Spirituality in Mental
Health, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1-
21. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2022.2086840
11
Phillips, R. (2021). Teachers’ faith, identity processes and resilience: A qualitative
approach. British Journal of Religious Education, 43(3), 310-319.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2021.1891860
Tan, S. (2013). Resilience and posttraumatic growth: Empirical evidence and clinical
applications from a christian perspective. The Journal of Psychology and
Christianity, 32(4), 358.
Walker, H. E., Wamser-Nanney, R., & Howell, K. H. (2022). Relationships between childhood
interpersonal trauma, religious coping, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and
resilience. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(13-14), NP11296-
NP11314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521991883
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