DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES
DSM-5-TR Summaries Assignment
David J Popick
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
Author Note
David J Popick
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to David J Popick
Email: DJPopick@liberty.edu
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DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES2
DSM 5 Summary Three: Personality Disorders, Somatic Symptoms, and
Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual,
5th Edition, Text-Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Personality Disorders
Overview
Personality disorders are disorders relating to the personality that is significantly deviant
from the expectations of a culture that usually begin during adolescence or early adulthood
causing impairment in the individual’s functionality.
Disorders
Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of suspiciousness and of
others’ motives. Schizoid personality disorder is identified by restricted ranges of emotional
expression and detachment from relationships. Schizotypal personality disorder is a pattern of
behavior that is identified by short-term discomfort in close relationships due to perpetual
cognitive distortions and eccentric behavior. Antisocial personality disorders are characterized by
the disregard of others’ rights. Borderline personality disorder is when an individual exhibits
instability in interpersonal relationships, marked impulsivity, and distortion in self-image.
Histrionic personality disorder is marked by emotional and attention-seeking in excess.
Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by the marked need for grandiosity, admiration,
and a lack of empathy for others. Avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of behavior that
includes feelings of inadequacy, self-consciousness in social situations, and hypersensitivity to
criticism. Dependent personality disorder is identified by clingy behavior and submission and
DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES3
fear of seperation. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is characterized by perfectionism,
control, and order. Personality change due to another medical condition is all the persistent
personality disorders that are directly caused by the effects of a medical condition. The last two,
Other specified personalities and Unspecified personality disorders are disorders that fit the
characteristic of meeting general criteria for a personality disorder or have several different
personality disorders, but specific criteria are not met or do not meet full criteria of any specific
personality disorder.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
The risks and prognosis factors associated with Paranoid Personality Disorder are genetic
and physiological. The genetic factors attribute to a higher risk of the disorder in family members
who already have the disease. In addition, Paranoid Personality disorders are more likely to show
up in families who have a diagnosis of schizophrenia in the family and/or delusional disorder.
The environmental factors are exposure to social stressors such as socioeconomic inequality,
marginalization and racism.
Somatic Disorders
Overview
Somatic disorders are characterized by significant distress and impairment. Somatic
disorders are found more in medical settings and less in psychiatric and other mental health
settings.
Disorders
Somatic symptom disorder is a disruption in daily life usually due to pain or fatigue.
Illness anxiety disorders are extensive worry about health with minimum somatic symptoms.
Conversion disorder is the loss of functioning/paralysis of a limb relating or feeling in the body
Disorders
Intellectual disability includes deficits in mental functioning leading to impairments in
adaptive socio-cultural functioning and standards. Global Developmental Delay relates to
children under 5 who exhibit characteristics of neurodevelopmental disorder. Unspecified
Intellectual Disability relates to children over the age of five who exhibit neurodevelopmental
DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES4
to somatic disorders. Other medical conditions are all conditions that adhere to somatic disorders
but does not meet all the criteria of a particular somatic disorder. Factitious disorder is when a
person presents themselves as ill when in fact they are not. Other Specified Somatic Sympton
and related disorder is where there is significant distress or impairment but is does not meet full
criteria of other disorders. Unspecified Somatic symptom and related disorder is when
symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the full criteria for
any somatic disorder. This should not be used unless there is insufficient information to be more
specific in diagnosis.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
The risk factors for Conversion Disorder are temperamental (emotional instability),
environmental (history of abuse or neglect), genetic and physiological (neurological disease),
and course modifiers (short duration of symptoms and receipt of disability benefits).
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Overview
Neurodevelopmental disorders are disorders that begin during early development and are
characterized by deficits in personal, social, academic, and occupational functioning.
DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES5
disorder characteristics when assessed but due to other health conditions, the disorder is hard to
identify. Language disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders that affect vocabulary and
sentence structure in individuals’ language. Speech Sound disorder is characterized by difficulty
with the production of speech sounds which results in preventing communication of messages
verbally. Childhood-Onset fluency disorders (stuttering) is a marked disturbance in the fluency
of speech patterns that persist over a long period of time. Social (Pragmatic) Communication
Disorder is identified by the difficulties in bother nonverbal and verbal communication.
Unspecified communication disorder is a communication disorder that causes significant stress
and/or impairment but does not meet the full criteria of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Autism
spectrum disorder is the marked decrease in social interaction across multiple disciplines
including social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors, social interactions,
and difficulty adjusting behaviors to meet societal norms. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder is characterized by impulsive hyperactivity that interferes with functioning and/or
development with symptoms involving sustainable attention to tasks. Other Specified Attention
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) applies to the symptoms of ADHD but does not meet
the full criteria of ADHD. Unspecified ADHD are the disorders that have the symptoms of
ADHD and are clinically significant but do not meet the full criteria of ADHD. Specific Learning
disorder is characterized by difficulty in academic achievement despite the use of interventions.
Developmental Coordination disorder relates to motor skills that are significantly below the
individual’s developmental age. Stereotypic Movement Disorder is marked by repetitive
movement or purposeless motor behaviors not attributed to physiological effects of substances or
another mental disorder. Tic Disorder is the sudden, rapid, and recurrent movement that is not
attributed to the rhythm. Other Specified Tic disorder relates to the presentation of characteristics
DSM 5 TR SUMMARIES6
of a tic disorder but does not meet the full criteria. Unspecified Tic Disorder relates to significant
distress in the functioning area but do not meet the full criteria of a tic disorder. Other Specified
and Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorders relate to all disorders that cause impairments in
functioning but do not meet the full criteria of a specific disorder.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
The risks and prognostic factors associated with Tic Disorders are environmental and
genetic/physiological. Environmental risks have been identified from advanced paternal age and
pre and perinatal adverse events on the maternal side. Genetic hereditability is 75%-85%
between males and females. The immune system and neuroinflammation play important roles
but more information is needed.
References
American Psychological Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
Disorders Text-Revision (5th ed.).
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