ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
Annotated Bibliography
Shanna Hickmon
BMAL 550
Dr. A. Christson
Liberty University
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Aqueveque, C., Rodrigo, P., & Duran, I., (2018 ) Be bad but (still) look good: Can controversial
industries enhance corporate reputation through CSR initiatives? https://doi-
org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1111/beer.12183
The cohesiveness between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate reputation
(CR) has received much attention. The two are very much connected in more ways than
one. Aqueveque, Rodrigo, and Duran, will discuss their thorough investigation in the
increasingly relevant context of controversial industries and how the perceived notion of
corporate responsibility could enhance corporate reputation and what are the mediating
mechanisms of this relationship. It has been founded that controversial sectors can
increase corporate reputation through corporate social responsibility initiatives. Evidence
has been found to support CSR legitimacy, mediating the relationship between CSR and
CR.
Lin-Hi,N., Blumberg, I., (2018) The Link Between (Not) Practicing CSR and Corporate
Reputation: Psychological Foundations and Managerial Implications. J Bus Ethics 150,
185–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3164-0
It has been said many times that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a prominent way
for corporations to improve their reputations, and what links between practicing CSR and
corporate reputation. There is evidence to support the findings. However, there has been
little known knowledge to define the mechanisms that coincides this relationship. There
has been little attention given to the effects of CSR not thoroughly being practiced on
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corporate reputation (CR). This paper will discuss the contributing factor that correlates,
with the literature by evaluating and analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships between
(not) practicing CSR and corporate reputation. This paper will also discuss (“doing
good”) and the prevention of irresponsible behavior (“avoiding bad”). Lin and Blumberg
have developed four propositions that they will unveil in this paper. These propositions
will show the cause-and-effect relationships between (not) practicing CSR, irresponsible
behavior, and corporate reputation
Beauchamp, M. (2019). Azcentral: The Disadvantages of Bad Publicity.
https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/disadvantages-bad-publicity-3495.html
Beauchamp discusses how bad publicity can come in the wake of an exposed lie or
inaccuracy. The article discusses the advantages of advertising and how it can be used to
pump up a business’s capabilities and consumers' expectations. A business’s expectations
can be shattered, and revealed as false in the form of bad publicity. This can lead to
disappointment and loss of trust for the business. When an organization fails to follow
through with promises made, this can cause the customers, employees, and partners to
more than likely question the integrity of all the organization's current and future
messages. Regaining the trust of an organization can be quite difficult and time-
consuming. It could take years to repair damage done on social media or by word of
mouth. The best way to remedy this is through vocal support of loyal consumers.
Dwivedi, Y.K., Kelly, G., Janssen, M. et al. (2018). Social Media: The Good, the Bad, and the
Ugly. Inf Syst Front 20, 419–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-018-9848-5
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The article discusses the profound effects social media has on the way we communicate.
This is of great importance to our society as well as to a business. Social media has been
the contributing factor to breaking down geographical barriers that was once restricted to
communication. These barriers have led to an explosion of online participation, virtual
presence, and online communities. Social media provides a vast amount of professional
benefits to: include sharing of information, publicity, and giving and receiving support
and advice. Consumers are beginning to become more empowered to exert an influence
on brands through online communities, while businesses are able to acquire rapid
feedback and gain insight into individual preferences without being observe. Social
media tools are enabling citizens to share advice and information with their local
community, from promoting events to even doing a random search for a lost pet, and also
provides government engagement with citizens.
Yu, M., Liu, F., Lee, J. and Soutar, G. (2018), "The influence of negative publicity on brand
equity: attribution, image, attitude and purchase intention", Journal of Product & Brand
Management, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 440-451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-01-2017-1396
This article aims to understand the influence that negative publicity has on brand image,
brand attitude and brand purchase intention. An assumption that has often been said, is
that negative brand information has a negative influence on all aspects of a brand.
However, it has been founded that brand blame and information severity have differential
effects on consumer evaluations affected by the brand. Specifically, brand blame has
negatively impacted attitudes and purchaser’s intentions, but not their image of the brand.
In hindsight, the severity of a negatively impacted brand image, but not attitudes or
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intentions. Furthermore, the relationship between brand image and brand attitude depend
on the level of information and its severity. In the more mild-severity condition, brand
image has positively influenced attitudes, intentions, but not limited to the high-severity
condition.
Horn, I., Taros, T., Dirkes, S. et al.(2015). Business reputation and social media: A primer on
threats and responses. J Direct Data Digit Mark Pract 16, 193–208.
https://doi.org/10.1057/dddmp.2015.1
According to the article, social media applications have gained huge popularity among
internet users, forcing businesses to adapt their marketing strategies and engaging with
social media as a part of their marketing toolbox. Social media has been widely known to
empower the public and weakened the position of businesses by exposing them to
negative publicity, customer attacks and reputation damage. This study will analyze the
threat of social media to corporate reputation, which can be damaged by three different
parties: the customer, the employee and the corporation itself. The literature will review
the impact of each of these parties and assess the findings by means of real-life cases. In
light of these findings, social media reputation threats will be discussed in an effort to
find corporate response strategies. These results will indicate that organizations need to
develop a portfolio in response to corporate strategies with several approaches.
Specifically, relating to each of the three parties of reputation damage. The best way for
businesses to be able to successfully manage their reputation is to create an organization
that is capable of managing the risks to corporate reputation that may arise from
employees and the corporation itself. These real-life scenarios indicate a lack of
organizational knowledge on how to effectively manage social media risks. The need for
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businesses to be able to update their knowledge on using social media is an indication of
their marketing toolbox.
Chung, A. (2018). Examining the effectiveness of using CSR communication in apology
statements after bad publicity. Corporate Communications, 23(3), 357-376.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2017-0055
The purpose of this article is to understand contributing effects of framing an apology
statement with corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications after a company
has suffered negative publicity. In addition to this study, the role of CSR fit on
consumers’ skepticism toward the apology statement will be examined and the attitude
toward the company will be compared to a no CSR message condition. The most
common way for an organization to respond to negative publicity is to simply apologize.
A Corporation should develop a strategy that would be implemented to apologize
effectively. The audience’s tone on the perception of the negative publicity can be
influenced by how effective of the apology is given. Managing the effectiveness of
negative publicity has become more important for companies because internet usage
growth, through which consumers can easily share unfavorable thoughts and experiences.
The way a company communicates during a crisis, will also affect a person perceived
notion of a business. It is very important for stakeholders to thoroughly understand the
effectiveness of an apology.
Nix, J. & Wolfe, S. E. (2017) The Impact of Negative Publicity on Police Self-legitimacy,
Justice Quarterly, 34:1, 84-108, DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2015.1102954
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This article will discuss the declining self-image and negative publicity surrounding the
police. Lately there has been a lot of media coverage involving the police and their
excessive use of force. There have been several high-profile deaths/cases to include:
Breonna Taylor and George Floyd, in which both parties were killed innocently at the
hands of the police. Both of these cases have garnered an enormous amount of media
coverage all across the United States, as well as internationally. If the police are not held
accountable for their actions, then how will the community be able to trust them? In the
article Nix & Wolfe state, to date little empirical attention has focused on how such
events may negatively impact police officers. Findings have revealed that some officers
felt less motivated as a result of negative publicity. They also expressed less self-
legitimacy as well. However, the degree in which the officers felt their job had become
more dangerous as a result of negative publicity was not essentially related to self-
legitimacy. These findings have increased our understanding of the sources of self-
legitimacy and reveals that negative publicity surrounding law enforcement presents a
unique challenge to officers’ confidence in their ability to be authoritative, which can
have important implications for the community.
Geddes, D., & Konrad, A. M. (2016).Demographic differences and reactions to performance
feedback. Human Relations (New York), 56(12), 1485-1513.
http://DOI:10.1177/00187267035612003
This article examines the effects of similarities and dissimilarities on perceptions of
performance appraisals and reactions to negative feedback from employees. A survey was
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conducted on a sample of 180 non-supervisory employees from an organization whose
members represent over 120 nationalities. In conjunction with predictions based on the
status of characteristics theory, employees reacted more favorably to feedback from
White managers. Whereas in this same survey an asymmetrical dissimilarity effect was
observed and come to find men reacted more unfavorably to feedback from women.
Contrary to belief, employees reacted more unfavorably to negative feedback from same-
race managers. These employees implicated that with regard to self-identity, threats are
discussed as a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
Fong, C. J., Williams, K. M., Williamson, Z. H., Lin, S., Kim, Y. W., & Schallert, D. L. (2018).
“Inside out”: Appraisals for achievement emotions from constructive, positive, and
negative feedback on writing. Motivation and Emotion, 42(2), 236-257.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s11031-017-9658-y
This article talks about ones emotions being involved due to constructive criticism. This
article will examine emotion appraisals of constructive criticism, negative, and positive
feedback, to aid us in determining whether these appraisals differed by feedback type.
Constructive criticism can be given in various capacities. How well one receives it is
another story. Constructive criticism can be received both positively and negatively. For
example a sensitive person may feel as if their feelings are being hurt if given
constructive criticism, whereas a person with a more harder exterior may be fine with
getting negative feedback and see it as a means of improving it that particular area. In
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most cases negative feedback will usually result in negative feelings being involved,
whereas the same will happen for positive feedback. Ultimately it depends on the person.
Parker, A., Halgin, D. S., & Borgatti, S. P. (2016). Dynamics of Social Capital: Effects of
Performance Feedback on Network Change. Organization Studies, 37(3), 375–397.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615613371
This article examines how individuals within organizations effectively respond to events
such as performance evaluations in which they change who they interact with and to what
extent they are utilizing their contacts. Parker, Halgin, & Borgatti argued that positive
performance feedback from supervisors’ increases the levels of self-efficacy and results
in the creation of new social capital as well as the increased utilization of existing social
capital (i.e., forming new ties with sources of information and aid, and increasing
interactions with existing contacts). In addition to their findings, they also stated that
negative feedback decreases self-efficacy, resulting in reallocation of social capital
utilization to concentrate on a small number of existing frequently-accessed contacts (i.e.,
decreasing interactions with some contacts while increasing interactions with others).
Their arguments highlighted the role of an individual agency in social capital dynamics
and clearly clarified the various roles that individual performance evaluations play in the
evolving of social network structures.
Anderson, E., Buchko, A. A., & Buchko, K. J. (2016). Giving negative feedback to Millennials:
How can managers criticize the "most praised" generation. Management Research
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Review,39(6),692-705. http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F1826811277%3Faccountid%3D12085
This article will discuss how the Millennial generation (those born between 1982 and the
early 2000s) are entering the workforce and are becoming more of a significant
component in the workforce and in the near future. As most of us know, “The
Millennial” generation appears to have a major difference in their values, attitudes and
expectations regarding work than previous generations before their time. Millennials are
often times highly praised and are rarely told no. This article will touch on the fact of
how well do millennials receive feedback from their superiors. There have been several
common approaches made to monitor employee feedback that many of us will
experience, that involves performance appraisals and reviews, or similar methods that
will allow the manager to formally express feedback to the employee. Here is where the
problem will intercede, will this feedback make or break the millennials’ spirit? Through
these same approaches, it has been observed that managers are more likely, easily, and
readily available to provide positive feedback as opposed to negative feedback because of
personality conflicts and the lack of comfort that is revealed while administering these
unwanted, but necessary responses. The lack of comfortableness depends on the reaction
that is received from the employee after providing the negative comments.
Shim, K. & Yang, S. (2016). The effect of bad reputation: The occurrence of crisis, corporate
social responsibility, and perceptions of hypocrisy and attitudes toward a company,
Public Relations Review, Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 68-78,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.11.009.
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This article will examine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and media coverage
affects corporate reputation, crisis, and CSR history. It will also discuss the attributions of
corporate hypocrisy and subsequently shape an individual’s attitude toward a company.
According to Shim and Yang, their perceptions of corporate hypocrisy mediated
corporate reputation and attitudes toward a company during a crisis will be thoroughly
examined in this article. This article will suggest that CSR is best utilized when a
company has a good reputation with no crisis. Whereas in some corporations, hypocrisy
is perceived most when a company has a bad reputation or a company is in a crisis which
may lead the public to believe there were ulterior motives in CSR. Both theoretical and
practical implications for corporate communication and the most effective
communication strategy tools will be discussed as well.
El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Nash, R. et al. New Evidence on the Role of the Media in Corporate
Social Responsibility. J Bus Ethics 154, 1051–1079 (2019). https://doi-
org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s10551-016-3354-9
Research shows that the media plays an integral role in capital markets. This article
will investigate the role of the media, how they are influencing firms’, and their
involvement with the engagement of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. El
Ghoul, Guedhami, Nash, et al, used a large sample of 4396 unique firms from 42
countries over the period 2003–2012. In this article, their investigation led them to
finding strong evidence that firms engage in more CSR activities if they are located in
countries where the media has more freedom. Their research found that there is a robust
relationship to using various proxies for media freedom.
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Motro, D., Comer, D.R. & Lenaghan, J.A. Examining the effects of negative performance
feedback: the roles of sadness, feedback self-efficacy, and grit. J Bus Psychol (2020).
https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s10869-020-09689-1
This article investigates the effects of performance feedback on subsequent performance
task and the mediating role of sadness. One would ask does negative feedback have an
effect on ones’ sadness. This article is going to answer that question for you. This article
will discuss how negative performance feedback increases sadness, which then spills over
to negatively affecting the performance of a future task. In addition to the authors’
findings, they expect two areas in which individual traits feedback will most likely be
higher: self-efficacy and grit. The relationship between the two will show that the
negative effects of sadness will have a major effect on task performance. The negative
effect of sadness will have a weakened effect for individuals with higher self-efficacy and
more grit. The article with also discuss that by providing feedback there is a greater link
for better organizational performance.
Luffarelli, J., Goncalves, D., & Stamatogiannakis, A. (2015).When Feedback Interventions
Backfire: Why Higher Performance Feedback May Result in Lower Self
‐
Perceive d
Competence and Satisfaction with Performance https://doi-
org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1002/hrm.21739
This article will discuss the performance evaluation systems of appraisers. Some
appraisers may choose to adopt to a strict or laxer evaluation criteria. The authors will
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 13
give a detailed analysis when laxer (vs. stricter) criteria is used, than there will be higher
absolute performance evaluations. Which will become more easy (vs. harder) to achieve.
Therefore, each appraiser's absolute performance feedback and the mean of the
distribution of absolute performance feedback are shifted upward (vs. downward).
However in most cases the relative performance remains constant. Overall the article
will give an in depth look at why and how feedback interventions are relative in
performance evaluation systems.
Westerman, C. Y. K., Heuett, K. B., Reno, K. M., & Curry, R. (2015). What Makes Performance
Feedback Seem Just? Synchronicity, Channel, and Valence Effects on Perceptions of
Organizational Justice in Feedback Delivery. Management Communication Quarterly,
28(2), 244–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914524060
Many organizations are increasingly utilizing a variety of different methods to
communicate with employees both on and offsite. However, this article will discuss if
performance feedback should continue to be bound to traditional face-to-face interaction.
The authors’ state that knowing how to channel and synchronicity may affect perceptions
of feedback may be very useful to organizations and supervisors as the use of alternative
work arrangements increases. The authors’ also conducted a study, in which employees
learn more about the delivery of performance feedback to employees and what would
cause them to feel justly versus unjustly treated by their supervisors. In their findings,
synchronicity, channel, and valence have an effect on the perceptions of justice in
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feedback delivery. The study also shows that there was a higher perception of positive
feedback from receiving a phone call rather than a text message.
Pagliaro, S. Lo Presti, A. Massimiliano, B. et al. (2018). On the Effects of Ethical Climate(s) on
Employees’ Behavior: A Social Identity Approach. Frontiers in Psychology. DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00960
This article will discuss the questionable practices in the corporate world relating to the
importance of ethical work behavior in the work place. Solely relying on the Social
Identity Approach, the authors have suggested that the effects of different ethical climates
on employee behaviors are driven by affective identification with the organization and, in
parallel, by cognitive moral (dis)engagement. In the article the effects of ethical climate
self-interest will be compared to the ethical climate of friendship. The authors give a
clear and precise comparison of the two. The article will also touch on some points
relating to Organizational Identification, Moral Disengagement, Organizational
Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs), and Counterproductive Work Behaviors (CWBs) all of
which are quite active in the work place. Each one of these points plays an integral part
on the employees and their work performance. Practical implications will be discussed as
well in this article.
Andrejczuk, M. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility in Shaping the Media Image of the
Company. Journal of Education, Culture and Society, 1(1), 19-25.
doi:10.15503/jecs20101.19.25
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is widely known in most work places. CSR is in
place to create a positive brand image for the media. This article will discuss how to
build good relationships with stakeholders, and companies to create an image that would
best present itself to their customers. Next to company image is advertising. In this
article the authors will highlight areas in which consumers will give their opinion about
company adverting. The authors will also list a few examples of companies that show
how Cause Related Marketing (CRM) and public campaigns are becoming more
significant in the strategies of cause related companies. Various aspects of marketing and
brand building will also be discussed. Most enterprises at any cost want to buy their way
into the favor of stakeholders. This is a focal point for companies who are aiming to
convince their stakeholders that they are a socially responsible company.
Gafin, R. & Golan, O.T. (2016).Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management. The
Influence of Negative Consumer Reviews in Social Network .Volume 4, Issue 2
Social networking allows people to share their opinions with their surrounding
community, enabling the ability to influence others. In this article Gafin & Golan, will
discuss how large amounts of consumer reviews are posted on social networks,
expressing experiences, either positive or negative, regarding products/services. These
reviews are carried out instantly within a huge network of consumers. This causes a
challenge to the firms' managers who need to cope with that. This article examines the
phenomenon of consumers' reviews posted on social networks. These reviews measure
the influence of negative interest on the reader's buying decisions and on the firms'
attitudes. Gafin and Golan also examine the differences between active users, and passive
users. Active users will usually comment something or post their opinion, whereas
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passive users will sit and watch everyone respond, but they won’t. The findings in this
article reveal that potential consumers base their decisions off of posted reviews by other
consumers. These outcomes can be either good or bad for business.
Pulido, C. M., Redondo-Sama, G. Sordé-Martí, T. Flecha, R. (2018) Social impact in social
media: A new method to evaluate the social impact of research. PLoS ONE 13(8):
e0203117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203117
The article will discuss the effects of quantitative and qualitative evidence on social
impact in social media. According to the authors, a general finding is that there has been
novel evidence of social impact on social media research. The social media platform is
becoming more and more relevant as a result of social impact. This article will point out
how the citizens’ attention is being captured by the impact of social media. Social media
users are making strides by assessing evidence of social impact.
Hemsley, J., Jacobson, J., Gruzd, A., & Mai, P. (2018). Social Media for Social Good or Evil: An
Introduction. Social Media + Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118786719
As social media is more and more widely known. However the question remains, “Is
social media for good or evil?” While good and evil are both moral terms, this article will
address whether the benefits of using social media in society outweigh the drawbacks of
how one is perceived in a social aspect. The authors will examine some of the benefits
(good) and drawbacks (evil) of using social media. Social media can be a helping tool, as
well as a hurting tool. It depends on how a person feels and where exactly they stand on
the basis of social media coming from a good and bad perspective.
Bizzi, L. (2018). Harvard Business Review: Employees Who Use Social Media for Work Are
More Engaged — but Also More Likely to Leave Their Job.
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https://hbr.org/2018/05/employees-who-use-social-media-for-work-are-more-engaged-
but-also-more-likely-to-leave-their-jobs
As we know communication is an essential in the work place. Another powerful
communicative tool is social media. Social media can be helpful or harmful to
employees. As a guided tool, social media helps employees to collaborate, share ideas
and solve problems. According to the article, research has shown that 82% of employees
think that social media can improve work relationships and 60% believe social media
support decision-making processes. These beliefs are the contributing factors to a
majority of workers connecting with colleagues on social media, even during work hours.
Although most employers may worry that social media is a productivity killer; most
employers will block access to social media at work. Some may say that social media
doesn’t reduce productivity nearly as much as it kills employee retention. Social media is
not always bad in the workplace, especially if the employees are being productive.
Fong, C. J., Schallert, D. L., Kyle M. Williams, K.M. et al. (2018). When feedback signals
failure but offers hope for improvement: A process model of constructive criticism,
Thinking Skills and Creativity, Volume 30, Pages 42-53,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.02.014.
The article talks about how receiving critical feedback during learning situations can be
an indicator of failure. Constructive feedback can help an employee learn from their
mistakes which could lead to failure. Various theories have shown components of the
feedback process, but models for constructive feedback that integrate both the
interpersonal nature of the feedback process as well as the focal point of the feedback
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receiver are too few. The authors will attempt to get you to understand better how
constructive feedback is perceived to leverage failure for enhanced thinking,
motivational, and learning processes.
Hawkins, M. (2019). The Effect of Activity Identity Fusion on Negative Consumer Behavior.
https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1002/mar.21186
Negative consumer behavior is an important aspect in the workplace. It is topic that often
explores consumer behaviors that threatens a brand’s image. However, the article will
discuss the conflicting findings on whether a strong consumer‐brand relationship hurts or
protects a brand after a market disruption or a brand transgression. According to
Hawkins, to provide clarity on this issue, this work argues that disrupting the consumer‐
activity relationship motivates consumers to reaffirm and protect their identity, thereby
leading to negative consumer behavior. The article will also provide details on managers
and branding. Brand managers and marketers are encouraged to develop strategies that
will focus on building a better and stronger consumer-brand relationship.
