Running head: DISORDERS OF MOTILITY 1
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorder of Motility
NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology
Fidelis Orji
Walden University
Week 8
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Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorder of Motility
Motility disorders (GI) are extremely common, cause a wide range of symptoms, and
occur everywhere in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The life quality of people with
motility disorders is poorer. In fact, both the individual patient and society as a whole are subject
to significant economic costs (Huether & McCance, 2017).
Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production
The role of this acid in disrupting andanti-microbe food and in aiding the conversion of
pepsinogen to pepsin is also known to gastric acid (Huether & McCance 2017). The secretion of
gastric acid (H+) consists of the interaction between neurohormonal pathways that are
stimulating and inhibitory and that cause in the upper lumen of GI the absorption of food and
nutrients. Magic acid is produced in a process called water hydrolysis from the parietal cell of
parietal cells (Huether and McCance 2017).
Gastrointestinal Disorders
The acid reflux is simply referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It
happens when acid production in the stomach goes back to the esophagus and irritates the
esophagus (Huether & McCance 2017). This reflux cycle leads to an esophagitis condition that is
an inflammation of the esophagus. GERD may be caused by loose motility of the esophagus and
by the removal of the esophagus problem. The GERD clinical manifestations include burning
sensation in the chest, food and acid backflow, chronic cough as well as new or worsening
attacks on asthma (Mayo Clinic, n.d.).
In the aging population, chronic gastritis tends to occur more (Huether & McCance,
2017). Gastritis can manifest in two types Type A and B according to Huether and McCance
(2017), whereas Type B occurs in the antral (Huether & McCance, 2017). Nearly half of the
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patients experience neonatal signs and 40% demonstrate malrotation of the bowels. Vomiting
isBthe most common symptomBin almost 75% of the patients; constipation, persistent abdominal
pain and low weight gain are more than 60% and almost one-third have diarrhoea.
When treating patients with reflux symptomatology, the absence of a gold level when
GERD diagnostics poses a clinical problem. Many syndromes, including atypical GERD,
dyspepsia, H. Pylori-induced gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer may also occur, which
makes it necessary for accurate history to be taken (Katz, Gerson, & Vela, 2013).
Risk Factors
TheBagingBpopulationBisBmoreBlikelyBtoBsufferBfromBchronicBgastritisB(HuetherB&BMcCanceB
2017).BTheBolderBaBpersonBis,BtheBgreaterBtheirBriskBthatBGERDBandBpepticBulcerBwillBdevelop.
Summary
The diagnosis and treatment of these motility disorders are critical for a nurse practitioner and it
is important to understand the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Mind Map
Pathophysiology
Two types of gastritis (Acute and
chronic)
TypeBABisBaBrareBform,BandBitBoccursBwhenBT-
cellBtoleranceBandBautoantibodiesBtoBH+K+BG
astricBatpaseBmayBoccurBwhenBgassesBareBinfla
medBbecauseBtheyBuseBasprine,BNSAIDSBorBal
coholBasBwellBasBotherBharmfulBchemicals.BT-
cellBtoleranceBATPaseBmayBoccurBinBtheBfoun
dusBorBantrums.
Epidemiology
OlderBadultsBar
eBsubjectBtoBchr
onicBgastritis.
Its a rare case
in the US with
fewerBthanB1%B
haveBgastritis
Gastrit
is
Motilit
Diagnosis
PhysicalBtestsBofBHelicobact
erBpylori,BEndoscopy,BX-
ray
Treatments
PreventBexcessiveBuseBofBN
SAIDSBantibioticBtoBtreatB
HelicobacterBpyloriBNon-
spicyBorBhotBfoodBBlandBfo
odBNon-alcoholicBdrink
Clinical Manifestations
Nausea,Bdiarrhea,BandBindige
stion
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References
Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical
medicine (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby.
Katz, P.O., Gerson, L.B., & Vela, M. F. (2013). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of
gastroesophageal reflux disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(3), 308-
328.
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012c). The gastrointestinal system. Baltimore,
MD: Author
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940
