PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
Concept and Etiology: The pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of one or more of
the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries (Mayo
clinic, n.d).
A urinary tract infection is very common cause of pain in the pelvic area which includes
the kidney and bladder and urethra so any of these can be infected by bacteria
(Lingenfelter, n.d).
How does it deviate from the definition of health?
The pelvic inflammatory disease deviate from a healthy balance life stye for a woman who
experience this disease because of the damages it can cause throughout her life. Especially,
if she desires to have a family (children) it rejects the chances to becoming pregnant and
that can cause a woman to feel hopeless or even depression.
Classification: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease classified under nine groups such as
predominantly antibody deficiencies; combined immunodeficiencies associated or
syndromic features; disease of immune regulation; congenital defects of phagocyte number
or function defects of innate immunity; auto-inflammatory disorders (Chapel,2016).
Clinical Manifestations (Symptoms and Signs)
The symptoms of PID are severe pain in lower abdomen, nausea, and vomiting, very high
fever then normal and foul vaginal discharge. The signs of PID are pain ranging from mild
to severe in lower abdomen and pelvis, abnormal or heavy vaginal discharge. Also,
abnormal uterine bleeding, especially during or after intercourse or between menstrual
cycles, fever sometimes chills and painful frequent or difficult urination (Mayo clinic, n.d.).
Diagnostic Tests
These are the tests that are preformed pelvic exams, blood and urine test, ultrasound and
laparoscopy, endometrial biopsy (Mayo clinic, n.d.).
Lingenfelter, B., (n.d.). Most Common Causes of Pelvic Pain. Obstetrics and Gynecology.
https://www.brandonlingenfelterdo.com/most-common-causes-of-pelvic-pain
Helen Chapel, Professor. (2016, February 4). Improving PID patients’ lives worldwide:
What are PID’s? International Patient Organization for primary immunodeficiencies.
https://www.ipopi.org/what-are-pids
Mayo clinic (n.d.). Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID). Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research. Retrieved November 26, 2021, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/disease-condition/pelvic-inflmmatory-diseases/symptoms-
causes/syc-20352594
