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Chapter 26 & 27 – theo-
201
Theology Survey I (Liberty
University)
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Chapter 26 & 27 – 20% or last exam
- History leads to mystery
- Paradox leads to power
- Gift that keep on giving more grace
- these 3 lead to the cross
The 3 things
- Revelation
- what the father has said in his word
- Redemption
- what the son has done for the cross
- What the spirit of the Lord does for our hearts
Q: What exactly was Jesus doing on <the Cross=? 1Pet. 2:24; 3:18 What was at stake?
– God’s Holiness and Honor!
●Did you know every religion has concepts of prayer and <sacrifice=?!
●Differentiate between sin > guilt; fear (–power), shame… <the curse!=
●
How did Jesus9 death deal with these on my behalf, and in my place?
●Atonement: God9s Righteous One, once-for-all bore our (unrighteous ones) sins in his
own body on the cross (Substitutionary) to bring us back to God (Reconciliation) so we
die to sins and live for righteousness (Sanctification).
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●Why faith alone in Christ alone saves? - Only Christ9s sinless life, sacrificial death
& bodily resurrection both paid the price and satisfied God9s honor!
●Justification – just as if I have never sin
●Reconciliation – to be brought back
The Son of God, loved me and gave Himself for me! (Gal. 2:20; 4:4)
●The Work of Christ, 2 Stages..
1. Humiliation (i) Incarnation (ii) Death *Jesus' crucifixion=Coronation!
2. Exaltation: i) Resurrection ii) Ascension iii) *2nd Coming (highest!)
●The Functions of Christ, His 3 Roles…
1. Revelatory (Prophet) e.g. Moses; Jesus is the eternal Word of God
2.
Reconciliation (Priest) e.g. Aaron; - God9s Lamb and our Shepherd
3. Rule (Potentate King) e.g. David; the King of kings & Lord of lords
Jesus Crucifixion was his coronation
His highest exaltation is the 2nd coming – T Stage
I. Christ9s Downward Work (Phil. 2:6-7) 2 steps: Mission ImPossible? (Gal. 4:4)
1. Humiliation: Christ9s manger > > yoke >> the Cross
I. Incarnation: put on human flesh, circumcised 8under the law9;
Servant, law obedient unto death!
II. Death: separation from God? Why? How long?
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●One who is Life, the Giver of all life, became sin and died to pay
the wages of our sin, God forsaken by God? How can it be! 1Peter
2:20
●Christian Paradox: inexplicable suffering as creditable glory
●Subordination Issue: Christ9s (free)will vs. the Father9s will
Stage 2: Christ’s Upward Work: (Rom. 1:4) 3 steps: NB: the way up is always down!
●2. Exaltation: death could not hold the Lord of Life back!
1.
Resurrection: evidence our sins were 8paid in full9 God9s receipt = an
empty tomb!, law, curse, nailed!
2. Ascension: Lord Jesus at God9s right-hand of power; the
sending/pouring of the Holy Spirit on all flesh
3. Second Coming: *highest step; 8just as he said9, but as the Lion,
Judge and King of kings to reign in glory!
Christ’s Function or 3-fold Messianic Role God< >human: (1) Prophet, (2) Priest, (3) King!
1. Revelatory: Prophet, like Moses from brethren; God9s Final Word unique full
revelation, bringing His salvation
2. Reconciliation: High Priest after the order of Aaron; only mediator, to pray, offer once
for-all Sacrifice of himself!
3.
Rule: on David9s throne; at Jesus9 name all nations will bow to his Lordship, his
kingdom and reign is forever!
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The At-one-ment of Christ the Just paying for the unjust, to bring us to God!
A mystery is a divine truth failed in time but revealed in Christ
●The 5 Theories of Atonement…
1. Socinian: - the Cross, the perfect example of sacrificial love
2. Moral Influence: (Abelard) God9s reconciling love draws us
3. Government: (Grotius) God9s justice will rule, respond to it
4. Ransom: (Augustine) a price Jesus paid to Satan for victory
5. Satisfaction: (Aquinas) Father God9s honor is fully restored!
5 Atonement theories: A) Substitution? B) Satisfaction? Focus/stress on Love’s moral (1)
Example (2) Action..
●God9s act <in Christ= dealing primarily with human sin!
1.
Example of Love: Socinus 16thC; Jesus9 death inspires. So did Christ bear our
sins? (1Pet. 1:21-24)? This is not 8sympathetic9 e.g. Unitarian Universalists, but
vicarious
2.
Moral Influence: Abelard9s love-in-action? Jesus didn9t die for a soul9s sickness,
to remove fear, heal ignorance
- Ques: What about our need to repent, or for God9s justice?
- At-One-ment theories: Focus or Stress on…
- (3) Human justice (4) Satan & (5) God9s honor
3. Government: Grotius, my sins violate God9s laws; so warrants justice! God has
the right to pardon, but can he 8overlook9 us? • Isa. 42:21 infers penalty for what?
Who9s sins? Substitute?!
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4. Ransom: Origen; Augustine: paid in cosmic drama to… Satan? • Mk.10:45:
Victory over sins; What about the law? When or how are sinner set free from
the curse, shame and guilt?!
5.
Satisfaction: Anselm, all sin primarily an affront to God9s honor, Who can
condemn?
- Only God Incarnate can justify/condemn!
●Jesus had the power to lay down and take up his life! Jn. 10:18
Ch. 27: Central Theme of Christ’s Work – At-one-ment = Gospel of the Cross! I will not
boast except in Christ’s Cross!
●OUTLINE: Background factors and terms:
●New Testament Teachings: the Gospel & Paul
●
The Meaning of <the Atonement=
●Objections to <Penal Substitution=
●Substitutionary Atonement: its implications
The History and Necessity of the Cross! Napoleon’s <One, Red Spot=
●God9s Nature – Holy (sinless); Righteous and Just!
●God9s Law = his character & heart9s purpose expressed
●Q: So, must disobedience lead to <legal= punishment?
●Human predicament: falling short; <total depravity=?
●Christ9s accomplishment: put away sin; how? Heb.9:26
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●
Old Testament <sacrifice=; blood cleanses by <transfer= NT: as Moses <lifted up= the
Serpent..the Son of Man must be <lifted up= to… die
●Innocent Lamb/Jesus must die? <to Save= Israel, world,. me!
●Sacrifice: God9s <lamb= alone puts away sin, once and for all
●Sovereign plan; appease Father9s wrath; his nature of love!
●Scripture must be fulfilled: Isa9s suffering-servant… dies
●JC saw himself as our <ransom= price; buy back/set free!
●Substitute: willing laid life down for/on behalf of the world! Paul and the Cross:
just-if-I'd never sinned by grace alone; through faith in Christ alone!
●God was <in Christ= reconciling us to himself (2Cor. 5:19)
●God9s wrath is revealed to punish sin; love constrains (14)
●God9s holy-love both requires yet provides at-one-ment
●God9s propitiation/mercy-seat punishes all sin (Rom. 5:9) laid on Christ; satisfies
God; the Lamb9s blood justifies us! Thus God <in Christ=, was both the Just and the
Justifier
The Meaning & Message of the Cross
Sacrifice: High Priest sacrificed once and for all
Propitiation: offered to please God so sin can be forgiven
1. Substitution: takes my place, on behalf, instead of… me!
2. Reconciliation: brings back to God; puts in the right relation!
●God made Jesus to become <sin=, who knew no sin, so in Christ we might become
God9s righteousness (2Cor. 5:21)
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Objections to the <Penal Substitution= Theory
●A Cruel Necessity?
- No, was an act of God9s personal goodwill
●Innocent suffers voluntary sacrifice, shows Father9s love
3. Propitiation: Trinity9s nature: love sends, the Son…
4. Imputation: God9s credit transfer; we share His nature
- When I survey the wondrous cross on which the Prince of glory died, my
richest gain I count but loss and pour contempt on all my pride!
