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Exam 1 (Chapters 1-6)
Due Feb 8 at 5pm Points 100 Questions 50 Available until Feb 9 at 11:59pm Time Limit 60 Minutes
Instructions
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 45 minutes 96 out of 100
Correct answers are hidden.
Score for this quiz: 96 out of 100
Submitted Feb 9 at 4:32pm
This attempt took 45 minutes.
This exam:
Includes 50 questions (M/C or T/F).
Each question is worth 2 points.
Time limit is 60 minutes.
Open book/Open Notes.
This exam will be administered online.
2 / 2 pts
Question 1
A theory may be set aside when it:
generates testable hypotheses.
explains a set of observations.
is proven by experimentation.
loses its usefulness.
2 / 2 pts
Question 2
Which of the following statements is true about humanistic-existential theories?
They hold that all behaviors are learned through association and its consequences, whether it is reinforced or punished.
They argue that the personality people have is shaped by how they think and perceive the world.
They primarily assume that people strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health.
They suggest that there are ve main trait dimensions in human personality that serve the function of making certain
behaviors likely in some people.
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2 / 2 pts
Question 3
The extent that a test forecasts some future behavior is referred to as:
test-retest reliability.
predictive validity.
divergent validity.
internal consistency.
2 / 2 pts
Question 4
Which of the following statements is true about descriptive research?
It is designed to test hypotheses.
It contributes to expanding a theory.
It is that which uses an experimental design.
It is expressed by if- then statements.
2 / 2 pts
Question 5
A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness. This an example of:
an operational denition.
hypothesis testing.
parsimony.
internal consistency.
2 / 2 pts
Question 6
_____ assume that not only are people driven by a search for meaning but also that negative experiences such as
failure, awareness of death, death of a loved one, and anxiety are part of the human condition and can foster
psychological growth.
Cognitive theorists
Psychodynamic theorists
Dispositional theorists
Existential theorists
2 / 2 pts
Question 7
_____ argue that the unique and long-term tendencies to behave in particular ways are the essence of human
personality.
Dispositional theorists
Psychodynamic theorists
Biological-evolutionary theorists
Learning-cognitive theorists
2 / 2 pts
Question 8
Which of the following statements highlights the role of theories within science?
Theories enable scientists to know how they should live their lives.
Theories are tools used by scientists to generate research and organize observations.
Theory building is the ultimate aim of science.
Theories play no role in scientic pursuits.
2 / 2 pts
Question 9
According to Sigmund Freud, whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by _____
those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious.
introjecting
projecting
repressing
xating
2 / 2 pts
Question 10
According to Freud, a psychologically healthy person has a dominant:
id.
ego.
superego.
conscience.
2 / 2 pts
Question 11
"Freudian slips" are a product of:
dreamwork.
free association.
the conscious and the unconscious forces.
the preconscious and the unconscious forces.
2 / 2 pts
Question 12
The event that eventually led to Freud's achievement of fame was his:
partnership with Jung.
publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.
insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
marriage to Martha Bernays.
2 / 2 pts
Question 13
Freud's lifelong optimism and self-condence may have stemmed from:
being his mother's favorite child.
his father's outstanding business success.
the death of his younger brother.
the presence of much older half-brothers.
2 / 2 pts
Question 14
From a Freudian perspective, psychological maturity might be characterized by:
minimal repression and maximal consciousness.
a maximum number of defense mechanisms.
a heavily repressed id and an overwhelming superego.
minimal libido directed toward others.
2 / 2 pts
Question 15
Freud's psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?
Sex and aggression
Sex and hunger
Security and safety
Security and sex
2 / 2 pts
Question 16
Freud held that the secondary process functions through the:
id.
ego.
superego.
conscience.
2 / 2 pts
Question 17
Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors from her early
childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense mechanism?
Reaction formation
Fixation
Projection
Regression
2 / 2 pts
Question 18
Alfred Adler felt that every individual is striving to reach the same goal of:
amassing material wealth.
a perfect self-consciousness.
superiority or success.
reduction of anxiety.
2 / 2 pts
Question 19
Although similar to Sigmund Freud's defense mechanisms, Alfred Adler's concept of safeguarding tendencies
differs in several respects. One difference is that safeguarding tendencies are:
promote societal welfare.
meant to protect the superego.
largely conscious.
used by everyone.
0 / 2 pts
Question 20
Incorrect
Incorrect
Which of the following statements is true from an Adlerian perspective?
All behaviors are inconsistent.
Psychological conict leads to inconsistent behavior.
Inconsistent behavior serves multiple purposes.
Inconsistent behavior does not exist.
2 / 2 pts
Question 21
According to Alfred Adler, people with a pampered style of life are characterized by:
exaggerated emotion.
extreme encouragement.
patience.
decisiveness.
2 / 2 pts
Question 22
According to Alfred Adler, _____ is the dynamic force motivating all human activity.
organ dialect
a feeling of superiority
the striving for success
inferior physical endowment
2 / 2 pts
Question 23
Unlike Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler believed that:
people are motivated mostly by social inuences and by their striving for superiority and success.
people have little or no choice in shaping their personality.
present behavior is caused by past experiences.
psychologically healthy people are usually unaware of what they are doing and why they are doing it.
0 / 2 pts
Question 24
Incorrect
Incorrect
As a dynamic concept, Alfred Adler's notion of creative power implies:
movement.
adjustment.
social interest.
conict.
2 / 2 pts
Question 25
According to Alfred Adler, which of the following statements is true about early recollections?
They have no objective validity.
They are inconsistent with a person's present style of life.
They are psychologically meaningless.
They yield clues to understanding a person's style of life.
2 / 2 pts
Question 26
Carl Jung claimed that overcoming moral obstacles and admitting the inferior side of one's nature may lead to the
realization of the:
shadow.
anima.
animus.
wise old man.
2 / 2 pts
Question 27
Which of the following statements is true about progression?
It involves relying on a forward ow of psychic energy in order to adapt to the inner world.
It brings about too much one-sidedness and failure in adaptation if regression is excluded.
It activates the unconscious psyche, an essential aid in the solution of most problems.
It alone can help people in attaining individual growth.
2 / 2 pts
Question 28
According Jungian psychology, a psychologically healthy person has a:
predominance of introversion.
predominance of extraversion.
balance between introversion and extraversion.
lack of both introversion and extraversion.
2 / 2 pts
Question 29
In Jungian theory, extraverted feeling people are more likely than other people to:
become businessmen or politicians.
become artists and to rely on subjective evaluations.
suffer from pathological guilt.
suffer from extreme mood swings.
2 / 2 pts
Question 30
In the context of Jungian psychology, which of the following statements is true about introverted thinking types?
They do not react to external stimuli.
They nd their interpretation of an event more important than the "facts."
They base their decisions primarily on objective phenomena.
They are concerned only with subjective phenomena because they have no contact with the external world.
2 / 2 pts
Question 31
In the context of the various stages of development, which of the following statements is true about Carl Jung's
idea of the anarchic phase of childhood?
It is easily recalled by most adults.
It is the source of adult dreams.
It is characterized by a highly differentiated consciousness.
It is characterized by a chaotic and sporadic consciousness.
2 / 2 pts
Question 32
Carl Jung would consider a person who relies on thoughts and ideas that have been transmitted from others to be
an _____ type.
extraverted thinking
introverted sensing
introverted feeling
extraverted intuiting
2 / 2 pts
Question 33
According to Carl Jung, the anima inuences the:
irrational moods and feelings in men.
irrational moods and feelings in women.
irrational thinking and illogical opinions in men.
irrational thinking and illogical opinions in women.
2 / 2 pts
Question 34
Mythical characters such as Achilles and comic book character Superman personify the _____ Jungian archetype.
shadow
persona
hero
animus
2 / 2 pts
Question 35
In the context of the Oedipus complex, which of the following is a view shared by both Freud and Melanie Klein?
Both held that the Oedipus complex took place during the phallic stage, when children are about 4 or 5 years old.
Both assumed that girls and boys eventually come to experience the Oedipus complex differently.
Both stressed the importance of children retaining positive feelings toward both parents.
Both believed that the Oedipus complex overlaps with the oral and anal stages and reaches its climax during the genital
stage.
2 / 2 pts
Question 36
Margaret Mahler's principal concern was with:
the psychological birth of the child.
the effects of the Oedipus complex on psychological health.
the child's symbiotic relationship with the father.
narcissistic needs of infants.
2 / 2 pts
Question 37
According to Melanie Klein, the child's rst model for interpersonal relations is the:
breast.
mother.
father.
self.
2 / 2 pts
Question 38
An infant remains calm when its mother exits the room leaving the infant with a stranger. When the mother returns,
the infant ignores her. According to Mary Ainsworth, this infant is displaying the _____ attachment style.
anxious-resistant
anxious-avoidant
secure
insecure
2 / 2 pts
Question 39
According to Melanie Klein, infants use splitting as a means of:
controlling conscious fantasies.
destroying the bad breast.
gaining control over their parents by pitting them against one another.
controlling good and bad aspects of themselves.
2 / 2 pts
Question 40
Melanie Klein agreed with Freud that people can be motivated by:
phylogenetic endowment.
a life instinct.
a death instinct.
All of the answers are correct.
2 / 2 pts
Question 41
Melanie Klein's conception of a "position" is different from a "stage of development" in that "positions" are:
steady during a lifetime.
due largely to social inuences.
determined by chronological age.
not referring to periods of time.
2 / 2 pts
Question 42
Melanie Klein assumed that infants come into the world with:
an active phantasy life.
a desire to have sexual relations with their mother.
a desire to have sexual relations with their father.
a blank slate.
2 / 2 pts
Question 43
According to Karen Horney, which of the following statements is true about neurotics?
They use the real self as the standard for self-evaluation.
They use the idealized self as the standard for self-evaluation.
They move toward the goal of actualizing the real self.
They are unable even to form the concept of the idealized self.
2 / 2 pts
Question 44
The strategy of moving away from people to cope with basic anxiety is an expression of the need for:
power.
independence.
personal admiration.
a powerful partner.
2 / 2 pts
Question 45
Which of the following statements is true about neurotics who adopt the philosophy of moving toward people?
They are compulsively driven to appear perfect and powerful.
They are unlikely to rate themselves according to what others think of them.
They are unwilling to subordinate themselves to others.
They are willing to see others as more intelligent or attractive.
2 / 2 pts
Question 46
Neuroses, Karen Horney said, grow out of the "nutritive soil" of:
an experience or perception of failure.
constant, unrelenting basic anxiety.
exaggerated feelings of superiority.
an unresolved Oedipus complex.
2 / 2 pts
Question 47
Karen Horney believed that the cultural contradictions of society:
lead to intrapsychic conict.
result in achievement and success.
are a result of the anatomical differences between the sexes.
can never be successfully resolved.
2 / 2 pts
Question 48
Karen Horney saw the tendency to humiliate others in order to protect oneself against humiliation as:
power.
prestige.
possession.
dominance.
2 / 2 pts
Question 49
According to Karen Horney, neurotics express self-hatred in the form of _____ when they constantly berate
themselves.
merciless self-accusation
relentless demands on the self
self-destructive actions and impulses
self-frustration
2 / 2 pts
Question 50
Tami is proud of her intellectual skills and abilities, and she is pleased when others notice and admire her superior
intelligence. According to Karen Horney, these behaviors illustrate a neurotic need for:
power.
affection and approval.
personal admiration.
prestige.
Quiz Score: 96 out of 100
