Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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1. An observer divides an observation period into
a number of consecutive time periods, and
then records whether the target behavior oc-
curred during each period. This is called
interval recording
2. A behavioral definition: describes specific behav-
iors
3. Which of the following is NOT used in direct
assessment? Questionnaires
4. In behavior modification, measurement of the
target behavior is called: behavioral assessment
5. A psychologist wants to observe the tantrum
behavior of a child. The tantrums usually occur
in the classroom, but the psychologist does
not have access to the classroom so she ob-
serves the child in a room that resembles a
classroom. This could be an example of a(n) ---
setting.
Analogue
6. Bill keeps track of the amount of time he stud-
ies each day. Which dimension of behavior is
Bill recording?
Duration
7. A teacher records the number of math home-
work problems a student has correctly com-
pleted in order to determine the student's per-
formance. The teacher is using --- recording.
Product
8. Dawn's parents record her hair pulling behav-
ior for a specific period of time. The time during
which Dawn's parents observe and record her
behavior is called the:
observation period.
9. Which dimensions of behavior is NOT record-
ed using continuous recording? Time sample.
10. Duration
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A track coach records how long it takes a
sprinter to run 100 meters. The track coach is
recording what dimension of behavior?
11. Which of the following is NOT a step in devel-
oping a behavior recording plan? Applying procedures to
change the target behav-
ior
12. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of
an analogue setting? It provides a more rep-
resentative sample of the
target behavior
13. Which of the following is NOT used in indirect
assessment? Direct observation
14. Which observation setting will provide the
most representative sample of the target be-
havior?
Natural setting
15. Jerry wants to improve his studying. He ob-
serves and records the times when he studies.
Observing and recording your own behavior is
called:
self-monitoring
16. The measurement of behavior is important be-
cause: measurement can deter-
mine... if treatment is
working, if treatment is
necessary, the best treat-
ment
17. A teacher wants to develop a behavior record-
ing plan that she intends to use with one of her
students. The teacher's first step would be:
defining the target behav-
ior
18. The stimulus presented following the behavior
in positive reinforcement is called: a positive reinforcer
19. An intermittent schedule of reinforcement is
most effective for --- a behavior. Maintaining
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20. Beth has been hiking in the desert all day and,
as a result, is dying for a glass of water. The
increase in the reinforcing value of water due
to hiking in the desert is referred to as:
deprivation
21. Money is an example of a(n): conditioned reinforcer
22. Andy answers a question in class, and is
praised by the teacher. As a result, Andy
is more likely to answer questions in class.
Andy's behavior of answering questions in
class is referred to as --- behavior.
Operant
23. Tommy pets a strange dog and is immediately
bitten. In behavior modification, getting bitten
is referred to as the - for the behavior of petting
the dog.
Consequence.
24. All the reinforcement schedules that are in ef-
fect for a person's behavior at one time are
referred to as --- schedules of reinforcement.
Concurrent
25. In a --- reinforcement schedule, the reinforcer
is delivered for the first response following an
average of X amount of time.
Variable interval
26. Extinction of a positively reinforced behavior
involves removal of the --- following the behav-
ior:
positive reinforcer
27. --- occurs when a previously reinforced behav-
ior is no longer reinforced. Extinction
28. Extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior
involves the continuation of the --- following
the behavior.
???
29. Which of the following processes weakens op-
erant behavior? Extinction
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30. Extinction will be least effective when: it follows intermittent rein-
forcement
31. When a behavior occurs again after it had not
occurred for some time due to extinction, the
process is called
spontaneous recovery
32. Greg shakes the apple tree to get an apple to
fall for him to eat. Now when he shakes the tree,
no apples fall so he runs into the tree with his
shoulder to get an apple to fall. Running into
the tree with his shoulder is an example of:
an extinction burst
33. Timmy takes out the garbage and his mother
praises him when he does it. When his mother
stops praising him, Timmy stops taking out the
garbage. Timmy's behavior of taking out the
garbage has been:
extinguished
34. When the behavior occurs, the aversive stimu-
lus is no longer removed. This is a definition of
extinction of:
negatively reinforced be-
havior
35. Extinction works best when: it follows contin-
uous reinforcement??
36. Extinction occurs when a previously rein-
forced behavior is --- reinforced. No longer
37. During ---, the unreinforced behavior can in-
crease in frequency, duration, or intensity. An extinction burst
38. If reinforcement for the behavior occurs during
the process of extinction, the behavior will: decrease less rapidly
39. Which of the following factors does NOT influ-
ence the extinction process? The frequency of behav-
ior
40. In comparison to a behavior that has been con-
tinuously reinforced, a behavior that has been Decrease more slowly.
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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intermittently reinforced will --- when reinforce-
ment is stopped.
41. In addition to an increase in the frequency,
duration, or intensity of the unreinforced be-
havior during an extinction burst, --- may also
occur.
The occurrence of nov-
el behaviors, aggressive
behavior, emotional be-
havior (all of these).
42. In order for punishment to be effective, the con-
sequence should follow the behavior closely in
time. This factor is referred to as:
immediacy
43. Nikki interrupts her parents when they are talk-
ing and her parents scold her and explain why
interrupting is rude. As a result, Nikki contin-
ues to interrupt her parents when they are talk-
ing. This is an example of
positive reinforcement??
44. Nicole is caught lying to her parents and loses
her driving privileges. As a result, Nicole no
longer lies to her parents. This is an example
of:
negative punishment
45. If following the behavior, the reinforcer that
was maintaining the behavior is removed and
the behavior decreases it is called ---. If a posi-
tive reinforcer the person had already acquired
is removed following the behavior and the be-
havior decreases, it is called ---.
Extinction; negative pun-
ishment
46. Whenever Tommy hits his little brother, he los-
es his television privileges. Tommy never loses
his television privileges for any other behavior.
This is an example of a(n) --- existing between
hitting his little brother and losing his televi-
sion privileges.
Contingency
47. The principles of reinforcement and punish-
ment are alike in that: the consequence influ-
ences future behavior
and behavior is followed
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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by a consequence (A and
B)
48. The removal of a stimulus following the behav-
ior that influences the future probability of the
behavior is a process that is either --- or ---.
Negative punishment;
negative reinforcement
49. Which of the following factors influences the
effectiveness of punishment? Immediacy, motivating
operation, contingency
(All of these)
50. Which procedure(s) decreases a behavior or
makes it less likely to occur? Positive punishment
51. In behavior modification, negative punishment
involves removal of a reinforcer that: the person had already
acquired
52. Andrew was removed from class because he
swore at his teacher. As a result of being re-
moved from class activities, Andrew continues
to swear at his teacher. This is an example of
none of the above (nega-
tive reinforcement)???
53. Andrew was removed from class because he
swore at his teacher. As a result of being
removed from class activities, Andrew never
swears at his teacher again. This is an example
of
negative punishment???
54. A consequence can be considered a punisher
if the: behavior decreased in
the future
55. Sam skips school so that he can play video
games at the arcade. Sam's parents find him
there and make him mow the lawn when they
get home. As a result of having to mow the
lawn, Sam doesn't skip school to go to the
arcade anymore. Having to do something he
dislikes as punisher for the problem behavior
is an example of:
The Premack Principle
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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56. Extreme cold and extreme levels of auditory
stimulation are examples of: unconditioned punishers
57. In behavior modification, a punisher is defined
by its: effect on the behavior it
follows
58. Which of the following is NOT a problem with
using punishment in behavior modification? It is used to harm individ-
uals.
59. Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when
his friends are in the car with him because
they tell him he is cool. He doesn't speed when
his parents or girlfriend are in the car because
they don't say it's cool. What is the SD in this
example?
Friends
60. Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when
his friends are in the car with him because they
tell him he is cool. He doesn't speed when his
parents or girlfriend are in the car because they
don't say it's cool. What is the S-delta in this
example?
Parents and girlfriend
61. In behavior modification, the stimulus that is
present when a behavior occurs is referred to
as a(n):
Antecedent
62. Stimulus discrimination training can occur as
a result of: reinforcement, punish-
ment, extinction (all of
these)
63. When mark sweats around his friends they
laugh, but when he swears around his parents
they ground him. As a result, Mark is less likely
to swear when his parents are around. Mark's
behavior of not swearing around his parents is
a result of:
discrimination training
64. As a result of stimulus discrimination training,
the presence of the discriminative stimulus: signals that the behavior
will be reinforced
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65. What happens when a discriminative stimulus
is present? It makes the behavior
more likely to occur
66. Which of the following is involved in stimulus
discrimination training? When the discriminative
stimulus is present the
behavior is reinforced
67. Whenever Tommy has a babysitter and asks to
stay up past his bedtime, the babysitter lets
him. Whenever Tommy asks his parents to let
him stay up past his bedtime, they do not let
him. As a result, Tommy only asks the babysit-
ter is he can stay up past his bedtime. The
presence of the parents at bed time is referred
to as a(n) --- for asking to stay up late:
S-delta
68. Which of the following shows the correct se-
quence in a three-term contingency? Discriminative stimulus,
response, consequence
69. In behavior modification, a three-term contin-
gency involves a(n): antecedent-behavior-con-
sequence
70. When the family dog licks the faces of the
children in the family, they laugh and give the
dog a treat. When the dog licks the faces of
parents, they scold the dog. As a result, the
dog no longer licks the faces of the parents,
but continues to lick the faces of the children.
The children's faces would be an example of
a(n) --- for the dog licking their faces.
Discriminative stimulus
71. If the effects of reinforcement, extinction and
punishment occur in some situations but not
in others, the effects are said to be:
situation-specific
72. Stimulus control develops as a result of stimulus discrimination
training
73. Discriminative stimuli
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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When you tell jokes and your friends laugh, you
are more likely to tell jokes to your friends. Your
friends are --- for telling jokes.
74.
75. Which type(s) of respondent condition is (are)
generally most effective? Trace and delay (A and B)
76. If the unconditioned stimulus is presented be-
fore the neutral stimulus it is referred to as ---
conditioning.
Backward
77. In --- conditioning, a response is elicited by
an antecedent stimulus, and conditioning in-
volves the pairing of two stimuli.
Respondent
78. A response elicited by the conditioned stimu-
lus is referred to as a(n) --- response. Conditioned
79. Which of the following factors does NOT influ-
ence the strength of respondent conditioning? Formal relationship be-
tween the NS and US
80. What will happen if the CS is presented many
times in the absence of the US? The CS will no longer elic-
it the CR
81. Which of the following is NOT an example of a
conditioned response? Startle response in re-
sponse to a loud noise
82.Another name for respondent conditioning is classical conditioning.
83. When a neutral stimulus is paired with a CS, the
neutral stimulus will become a CS and elicit a
CR. This process is called
higher-order conditioning
84. Stimulation that is painful to the body is an
example of a(n) --- stimulus. Unconditioned
85. In which temporal relationship between the un-
conditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus Trace conditioning
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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is the unconditioned stimulus presented after
the neutral stimulus ends?
86. Which of the possible temporal relationships
between the neutral stimulus and the uncondi-
tioned stimulus is least likely to be effective?
Backward conditioning
87. In order for respondent conditioning to be
most effective, the neutral stimulus should oc-
cur --- the unconditioned stimulus occurs.
Before
88. Extinction is used in shaping to stop the occurrence of a
previous approximation
89. Differential reinforcement of each successive
approximation involves: extinguishing the previ-
ous approximation and
reinforcing the new ap-
proximation (B and C)
90. Which of the following behaviors cannot be
developed through shaping? Startle response to loud
noise
91. Jerry is a professional football player who in-
jured his knee while running during a game.
Jerry has had surgery and his knee is fully
healed, but he is afraid to put pressure on it
because he doesn't want to re-injure it. The
trainer implements a plan in which he first dif-
ferentially reinforces standing, then walking,
then jogging, and finally running at full speed.
This is an example of using shaping to:
reinstate a previous be-
havior
92. In shaping, the steps that are used on the way
to developing the target behavior are referred
to as:
successive approxima-
tions
93. Which of the following is true regarding shap-
ing steps? Each step should be
a closer approximation
to the target behav-
ior, a moderate behavior
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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change between steps is
best, and mastering one
step facilitates behavior
in the next step (all of
these)
94. In shaping language in a young child, what is
typically the starting behavior? Babbling
95. The starting behavior that is used in shaping
is: a behavior that is already
occurring and an approx-
imation of the target be-
havior (A and B)
96. In which of the following situations would it be
appropriate to use shaping? Acquisition of a novel be-
havior is the goal
97. When reinforcement for each approximation fo
the target behavior is eliminated --- occurs, and
a --- behavior is then reinforced.
An extinction burst; novel
98. Shaping would NOT be an appropriate proce-
dure to use when instructions would be
successful
99. --- reinforcers are used during shaping be-
cause they enable rapid delivery of the rein-
forcer and prevent satiation from occurring.
Conditioned
100. What is the first thing that should be done
before implementing shaping? Define the target behav-
ior
101. In shaping: successive approxima-
tions of the target behav-
ior are reinforced
102. Which of the following behavioral principles is
(are) involved in shaping? Extinction and reinforce-
ment (A and C)
103. Which of the following behavior is least likely
to be developed through shaping? Driving a car
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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104. Which of the following is NOT a type of re-
sponse prompt? Within-stimulus
105. When a novel behavior is being taught it is best
to use --- prompts, and when you want a person
to make a correct discrimination --- prompts
are best.
Response; stimulus
106. Jennifer's Mom is teaching her how to hide a
bicycle. Her Mom gets on the bike and rides it
around the yard. By demonstrating the entire
behavior, Jennifer's Mom is using a --- prompt.
Modeling
107. Matt's dad is teaching him to shoot a basket-
ball. His dad takes the ball and demonstrates
to Matt how to shoot it through the hoop. The
use of antecedent stimuli by his dad in order to
get Matt to engage in the right behavior at the
right time is called:
prompting
108. Which of the following is (are) necessary for
prompting and transfer of stimulus control to
be considered complete?
Prompts have been com-
pletely removed; behav-
ior is under control of
the natural discriminative
stimulus (A and B)
109. When the behavior of one individual leads to
the desired behavior of another individual in
the presence of the discriminative stimulus it
is called a --- prompt.
Response
110. When using prompting and transfer of stim-
ulus control, the use of --- gets the correct
behavior to occur, and the use of --- transfers
stimulus control to the natural discriminative
stimulus.
Prompting; fading
111. In which of the following situation would it be
appropriate to use prompting and transfer of
stimulus control?
The person has not
learned the behavior; the
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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person does not do the
behavior (A and C)
112. A change in a situation or the addition of a
stimulus in order to get the behavior to occur
is called a --- prompt.
Stimulus
113. Brian is teaching his son to shoot a basketball.
Initially, Brian lowers the backboard and uses a
smaller ball in order to make it more likely that
his son will correctly shoot the ball. This is an
example of a(n) --- prompt.
Within-stimulus
114. The procedures of prompting and fading are
used to: develop stimulus control;
get existing behavior to
occur at the correct time;
develop new behaviors
(all of these)
115. Which of the following is a guideline for using
prompting and transfer of stimulus control cor-
rectly?
Present the discrimina-
tive stimulus and the ap-
propriate prompt; trans-
fer stimulus control to the
natural discriminative; re-
inforce the correct behav-
ior (all of these)
116. Which of the following is a major category of
prompts? Response; stimulus (A
and B)
117. Which behavioral skills training component
functions as the behavioral aspect of a
three-term contingency?
Rehearsal
118. The use of modeling is more likely to be effec-
tive when the: model's behavior is rein-
forced
119. Which of the following is NOT true concerning
the use of feedback? Corrective feedback
should be given before
praise
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120. Which of the following is an example of sym-
bolic modeling? Observing a cartoon
character engage in the
target behavior; observ-
ing a video of a peer en-
gaging in the target be-
havior (A and C)
121. Which of the following is NOT an advantage o
suing behavioral skills training in a group? Receiving individual at-
tention from the trainer
122. Rehearsing the behavior is an important part
of behavioral skills training because it: provides the chance
for reinforcement of
the behavior, provides
the opportunity to cor-
rect errors, demonstrated
whether the learner has
learned the behavior (all
of these)
123. Which of the following factors increases the
effectiveness of rehearsal? The context in which the
behavior is rehearsed
124. A teacher wants to teach fire safety skills. What
should the teacher do immediately after telling
the students what to do when there is a fire and
showing them what to do in a fire situation?
Provide the opportunity
to rehearse the skills in a
simulated fire situation
125. When a person engages in a problem behavior
(taking drugs) and this behavior is reinforced
by decreasing tension or anxiety that the per-
son is feeling, this is an example of:
automatic negative rein-
forcement
126. A psychologist is trying to determine why Paul
frequently hits his younger brother. The psy-
chologist forms a hypothesis that teasing by
his brother and attention from his mom in-
fluence Paul's hitting behavior. The psycholo-
gist then arranges conditions in which these
environmental variables are either present or
Functional analysis
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
Final
absent to determine their effect on Paul's hit-
ting behavior. Which functional assessment
method is the psychologist using?
127. If a person strums his guitar a certain way and
it makes a great sound, the person is more
likely to strum the guitar that way again. His is
an example of:
automatic positive rein-
forcement
128. A psychologist is working with a child who is
disruptive in the classroom. The psychologist
interviews the child's teacher to learn more
about the disruptive behavior and the events
that immediately precede and follow the behav-
ior. Which method of conducting a functional
assessment is the psychologist using?
Indirect methods
129. When a problem behavior is reinforced by at-
tention, this is an example of: social positive reinforce-
ment
130. Which functional assessment method(s)
demonstrates a functional relationship? Functional analysis
131. The identification of antecedent events that
evoke a behavior and reinforcing conse-
quences that maintain a behavior is referred to
as:
functional assessment
132. Which of the following is an essential feature
of a functional analysis? Accurate recording of be-
havior in the experimen-
tal conditions, manipulat-
ing antecedents and con-
sequences while hold-
ing other variables con-
stant, repeating exper-
imental conditions to
demonstrate experimen-
tal control over behavior
(all of these)
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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133. When is it necessary to conduct a functional
analysis? To show a functional re-
lationship between be-
havior, antecedents, and
consequences???
134. If a child engages in a problem behavior in a
store (e.g. a tantrum) and the parent gives the
child candy, the child is more likely to engage
in problem behavior in the store. This is an
example of
social positive reinforce-
ment
135. A teacher is working with a child who fre-
quently engages in fighting with other chil-
dren on the playground. The teacher observes
and records the events that immediately pre-
cede and follow the child's behavior of fight-
ing. Which method of conducting a functional
assessment is the teacher using?
Direct observation
136. When a problem behavior is reinforced by a
teacher terminating a task, this is an example
of:
social negative reinforce-
ment
137. Extinction of a problem behavior will be more
gradual when the behavior was reinforced on
a --- schedule.
Intermittent
138. The increase in the problem behavior at first
when extinction is used is referred to as: an extinction burst
139. Which of the following is necessary in order to
determine the effects of extinction? A baseline assessment
140. The continued change in the problem behavior
following the use of extinction is referred to as: Maintenance
141. A problem behavior will be more resistant to
extinction when the behavior has been main-
tained on a(n) --- reinforcement schedule.
Intermittent
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142. The snack machine is broken so that people
can get all the snacks that are lines up in a row
after they put their money in the machine for an
item. How would you use extinction for stealing
items from this snack machine?
Fix the machine so peo-
ple can only get the item
they pay for
143. Conducting a functional assessment is an im-
portant step in the use of extinction, because
it will allow you to identify the:
antecedents and conse-
quences of the behavior
144. When there is a possibility of an extinction
burst, you should determine whether: the change agent can
withhold the reinforcer
145. If a behavior is maintained by social positive
reinforcement, extinction will involve no longer delivering the
reinforcer when the be-
havior occurs
146. A problem behavior will be less resistant to ex-
tinction when it is reinforced on a --- schedule
prior to extinction.
Continuous
147. Two-year-old Roscoe pushes the off button on
the remote control while the family is watching
TV and the family gets upset and scolds him.
He continues to push the off button on the
remote when they are watching TV. How would
the family use extinction in this case?
Refrain from getting up-
set and scolding him
when he pushes the off
button
148. When the problem behavior no longer occurs
in all relevant circumstances following extinc-
tion, --- is said to have occurred.
Generalization
149. At what point during the implementation of
DRO is the time interval increased? When the reinforce is be-
ing delivered after most
intervals
150. What is the result if the problem behavior oc-
curs during the DRO interval? The interval for the rein-
force is reset
151.
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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The initial time interval that is selected for the
DRO procedure should be: based on the baseline
rate of the behavior
152. Which type of differential reinforcement is
most likely to lead to an increase in an alter-
native behavior?
DRA
153. When using a DRA procedure, the alternative
behavior must: be functionally equivalent
to the problem behav-
ior???
154. Matthew frequently screams when he wants
attention from his mom. In order to decrease
Matthew's screaming behavior, his mom does
not pay attention to him when he screams.
When Matthew quietly asks for attention, his
behavior is reinforced with attention from his
mom. Which differential reinforcement proce-
dure is Matthew's mom using?
DRA
155. Which of the following will increase the effec-
tiveness of DRO? Delivering the reinforce
when the behavior is ab-
sent for the entire interval
156. Which of the following is NOT a strategy used
in identifying the reinforce to use the DRO pro-
cedure?
Selecting a stimulus that
is reinforcing for most
people
157. Julie's parents used DRA at home in order to
get Julie to increase her behavior of speaking
clearly and reduce her behavior of mumbling.
As a result, Julie now speaks clearly at home,
at school, and at church. Julie's behavior of
speaking clearly is said to have --- to other
relevant stimulus situations.
Generalized
158. A parent is trying to decrease a child's swear-
ing behavior. For every hour that the child goes
without swearing, the parent reinforces the ab-
sence of swearing by reading to the child. If
DRO
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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the child swears, the parent does not give the
child attention and the child has to wait anoth-
er hour for a story. Which differential reinforce-
ment procedure is the parent using?
159. DRA involves using --- for desirable behaviors
and --- for undesirable behaviors. Reinforcement; extinction
160. In which DRO variation is the reinforce deliv-
ered when the problem is absent at the end of
the interval?
Momentary DRO
161. In order for differential reinforcement to be
most effective, the desirable behavior should
be reinforced:
immediately
162. How do the procedures of whole-interval DRO
and spaced-responding DRL differ? DRO reinforces absence
of behavior and DRL rein-
forces decreased rate of
behavior.
163. In order to implement DRO successfully you
need to: deliver the reinforce for
the absence of the prob-
lem behavior
164. Paul's parents frequently give him money
whenever he asks. When his parents offer to
pay him to help out in the family business Paul
is not interested, stating that he does not need
the money. In order to make it more reinforc-
ing to receive money for working, Paul's par-
ents stop giving him money whenever he asks.
Which antecedent control strategy are Paul's
parents using?
Creating an establishing
operation
165. Julie wants to replace drinking water with the
alternative behavior of drinking water. Julie
keeps a filled water bottle on her desk at work,
and has her co-workers remind her to drink
more water. In this example, Julie is using the
Presenting the discrimi-
native stimulus and cues
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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antecedent control strategy of --- for desirable
alternative behaviors.
166. Removing the SD, arranging abolishing opera-
tions, and increasing response effort are ways
to:
make a behavior less like-
ly
167. Presenting the SD, decreasing response effort,
and presenting an establishing operation are
ways to:
make a behavior more
likely
168. A student engages in disruptive behavior in
the classroom in order to get attention from
the teacher. In order to decrease the disrup-
tive behavior, the teacher gives the student
frequent attention so that receiving attention
by engaging in disruptive behavior is less re-
inforcing. Which antecedent control strategy is
the teacher using to decrease the student's
disruptive behavior?
Presenting an abolishing
operation
169. A behavior that requires --- response effort is
more likely to occur than a behavior that re-
quires --- response effort.
Less; more
170. Andrea wants to start eating a healthier diet,
but she is having problems because she likes
to eat junk food while studying. Andrea starts
eating regular meals so that she is never hun-
gry and less likely to want junk food. Eating
regular meals in order to make junk food less
desirable is an example of --- for competing
behaviors.
Presenting an abolishing
operation
171. Nichole wants to increase the amount of exer-
cise that she gets. Nicole purchases a tread-
mill so that she will not have to drive all the
way across town to exercise at the health club.
Having a treadmill in her home so that she
exercises more often is an example of:
decreasing response ef-
fort.
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172. Bill wants to increase the amount of water that
he drinks each day, but is having difficulty be-
cause he drinks too much pop instead. Bill gets
rid of all the pop in his apartment and no longer
goes down the pop aisle in the supermarket.
Removing the pop and avoiding the pop aisle
in the supermarket is an example of --- for his
competing behavior.
Removing the discrimina-
tive stimulus and cues
173. Antecedent control procedures involve the ma-
nipulation of: discriminative stimulus
and cues, establishing
operations, response ef-
fort (all of these)
174. Tony wants to decrease his behavior of smok-
ing, so he gets rid of all the cigarettes in his
home. Tony also gets rid of his ashtrays and
cigarettes in his home. Tony also gets rid of his
ashtrays and cigarette lighter, and stops going
to outdoor bars that are full of people who
smoke. Which antecedent control strategy for
decreasing a problem behavior is Tony using?
Removing the discrimina-
tive stimulus and cues
175. Which of the following is NOT manipulated in
antecedent control procedures? Reinforcers.
176. The presence of an establishing operation
makes the consequence of a behavior ---, and
the presence of an abolishing operation makes
the consequence of a behavior----.
More reinforcing; less re-
inforcing.
177. A desirable behavior can be increased through
the use of antecedent control procedures by ---
for the desirable behavior.
Creating establishing op-
erations
178. Which of the following is NOT a consideration
in the use of time-out? Can interactions be main-
tained throughout the
time out
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179. In order for time-out to be implemented, he time
out area should: be free from sharp or
breakable objects
180. When a behavior occurs and is followed by
the presentation of a stimulus that results in
a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is
referred to as:
positive punishment
181. In behavior modification, an aversive stimulus
is defined in terms of: its effect on behavior
182. The complete name for time-out is: time-out from positive re-
inforcement
183. Which of the following can be used in response
cost procedures? Tangible reinforcers
184. When a behavior occurs and is followed by the
removal of a stimulus that results in a decrease
in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:
negative punishment
185. Time out should be used when: None of these (the re-
inforcer for the problem
behavior is escape from
a task, the time-in en-
vironment is not rein-
forcing, functional proce-
dures have not been im-
plemented)
186. Requiring an individual to engage in a low
probability behavior contingent on the occur-
rence of a high probability behavior is a form
of punishment that is based on:
the Premack Principle
187. The application of aversive activities includes
all of the following procedures except: response cost
188. Positive punishment
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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In behavior modification, --- procedures are the
least likely to be used to decrease problem
behaviors.
189. Bobby's mom asks him to clean up his room,
but he complains that he is too tired and
continues to lie on his bed reading comic
books. Bobby's mom then physically guides
him through the activity of picking up his
clothes from the floor and placing them in
the hamper, until Bobby starts to pick up the
clothes on his own. Which punishment proce-
dure is Bobby's mom using?
Guided compliance
190. Greg shows up late for football practice, and
has to run five laps around the field. As a re-
sult, Greg no longer shows up late for practice.
Which punishment procedure requires the in-
dividual to engage in physical exercise follow-
ing the occurrence of the problem behavior?
Contingent exercise
191. In --- procedures, a reinforce is removed fol-
lowing the occurrence of the problem behavior
and the behavior decreases in the future, and
in --- procedures a punisher is applied follow-
ing the occurrence of the behavior and the
behavior decreases in the future.
Negative punishment;
positive punishment
192. In guided compliance, what must the learner
do following the problem behavior? Comply with the task that
was requested prior to
the problem behavior
193. The use of --- is often necessary in order to get
an individual to engage in the aversive activity
when using positive punishment.
Physical guidance
194. The delivery of an aversive stimulus contin-
gent on the occurrence of the problem behav-
ior is referred to as:
application of aversive
stimulation
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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195. Which of the following procedures would be
implemented last in an effort to decrease a
problem behavior?
Punishment
196. In restitutional overcorrection, what must the
learner do following the problem behavior? Correct the environment
damaged by the behavior
197. Which of the following procedures is NOT in-
volved in the use of guided compliance? Negative punishment
198. Which punishment by the application of aver-
sive activities procedure involves positive pun-
ishment for the problem behavior and nega-
tive reinforcement for engaging in requested
behavior?
Guided compliance
199. When the habit reversal procedure is applied
to stuttering, the procedure is called: regulated breathing
200. A habit behavior becomes a habit disorder
when: the behavior is distress-
ing to the individual; the
frequency of the behavior
becomes extreme (B and
C)
201. Prolonging the sound of a syllable or word
while speaking is an example of: stuttering
202. Sam engages in repetitive throat-clearing be-
havior even though he does not have a cold or
any problem with his throat. Sam's behavior of
repetitive throat-clearing is an example of:
vocal tic
203.In a habit reversal procedure, teaching an in-
dividual to identify each instance of the habit
behavior is referred to as - training.
Awareness
204.The components of --- and --- are most respon-
sible for the success of habit reversal proce-
dures in decreasing habit behaviors.
Awareness training; com-
peting response training
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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205. What does the social support person do as part
of the habit reversal procedure? Remind the person to use
her competing response
when the habit behavior
is occurring
206. Habit reversal procedures include all of the
following components except: avoidance training
207. Fading the use of tokens in a token economy: increases the chance that
the behavior change will
generalize from the token
economy to the natural
environment
208. A teacher wants to increase the academic per-
formance of the students in her class. The chil-
dren receive stickers each time they complete
an academic task, and when they have ac-
cumulated a certain number of stickers they
can exchange them for 15 minutes of playing
computer games. This program that uses con-
ditioned reinforcers to strengthen a desirable
behavior is referred to as:
a token economy
209. A response cost component might be imple-
mented in a token economy if: the change agent can get
the tokens back
210. Which of the following is NOT true concerning
the use of praise in a token economy? Praise is faded once the
desirable behavior be-
gins to occur regularly
211. How are back-up reinforers obtained in a token
economy? By paying for them with
tokens
212. Which of the following is NOT true concerning
a token economy? A token economy is easy
to implement in terms of
time and effort
213. B and C
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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A wide variety of back-up reinforcers is best to
use in a token economy because:
214. A --- that is used in a token economy to in-
crease desirable behavior is referred to as a
token
conditioned reinforcer
215. In a token economy, the token exchange rate
refers to the number of tokens: required to obtain backup
reinforcers
216. In a token economy, a token is delivered to an
individual immediately --- occurs. After the desirable behav-
ior
217. Which of the following is true concerning the
use of response cost in a token economy? It involves the loss of to-
ken for engaging in unde-
sirable behavior.
218. A researcher plans to implement a token econ-
omy with a group of juvenile offenders in a
treatment program. What is the first step in
planning a token economy?
Defining the target be-
havior
219. A researcher is trying to identify items that
could be used as tokens to improve the aca-
demic performance of hyperactive students.
Which of the following items would be good to
use as tokens in the token economy?
Pennies
220. Which of the following is true concerning the
use of praise in a token economy? Praise is continued after
the use of tokens has
been discontinued
221. Progressive muscle relaxation involves: tensing and relaxing each
of the major muscle
groups in the body
222. The key to systematic desensitization is to: maintain relaxation while
imaging the fear-produc-
ing stimulus
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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223. A therapist teaches an individual to decrease
autonomic arousal by breathing deeply in a
slow rhythmic fashion. This type of breathing
is referred to as --- breathing.
Diaphragmatic
224. John experiences anxiety whenever he is in
a crowded room, and he leaves the crowded
room to decrease his autonomic nervous sys-
tem is:
negatively reinforced
225. Barb is seeing a therapist to overcome her
fear of flying. The therapist had Barb prac-
tice relaxation while imagining progressively
greater anxiety situations involved in flying.
What procedure is the therapist using to de-
crease Barb's fear of flying?
Systematic desensitiza-
tion
226. Which of the following is NOT a step in the use
of systematic desensitization? Expose to the fear-pro-
ducing stimulus
227. What function does the use of a cue work serve
in progressive muscle relaxation? The cue work develops
into a conditioned stimu-
lus that elicits relaxation
228. Which of the following is NOT true concerning
fear? it must be known how the
fear was conditioned to
overcome the fear
229. Which of the following is NOT an attention-fo-
cusing procedure? Diaphragmatic breathing
230. Zach sees a therapist to overcome his fear of
heights. Zach learns to relax by focusing his
attention on a pleasant stimulus, in order to re-
move his attention from the anxiety producing
situation. In this example, Zach is using --- to
produce relaxation.
Attention-focusing exer-
cises
231.
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Behavioral Analysis and Behavior Management
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The respondent behavior in fear and anxiety
problems involves ---, and the operant behavior
involves ---.
Autonomic nervous sys-
tem arousal; escape or
avoidance behavior
232. Fear and anxiety reduction procedures are
used to treat --- behavior. Operant, respondent, au-
tonomic (all of these)
233. Which of the following behaviors function as
an establishing operation in fear and anxiety
problems?
Respondent behavior
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