Growth
the process of increasing in physical size.
development
is an increase in capability or function
Cephalocaudal development
development that moves from the head downward through the body and towards the feet
Proximodistal
development that moves from the center of the body outward to the extremities
When choosing toys
thing of developmental level and clients disease
what kind of reflex do babies have when they are born
involuntary grasp reflex
extremities are flexed
Normal respiratory for infant (0-12)
32-60
Normal pulse rate for infant
110-160
When does the anterior fontanel close
12 to 18 month
When does the posterior fontanel close
2 to 3 months
When giving IM injections, why is the ventrogluteal muscle contraindicated in children that have not
been walking for a year
muscle is not developed
How do you pull the auditory canal in young children
earlobe down and back (the bigger they are the higher you pull)
15 month old toddler should consume how many cups of milk a day
2 to 3
Leading causes of death due to accidental injury in infants up to 1 year of age
suffocation
motor vehicle injuries
drowning
By 2 months
can try to pull up with some head control
By 7 months
should bear weight on feet, can sit with support, transfers object from one hand to the other
By 8 months
can move from sitting to kneeling, sits without support
By 9 months
can stand holding onto furniture, creeps on hands and knees
By 12 months
walks with 1 hand held, can sit down from standing position without help
What are some signs an infant may be in pain?
Facial grimaces
Postural changes, thrashing
Crying loud and excessively
Inconsolable
Toddlers are age 12 months to 36 months: erikson
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
infants erikson
trust vs mistrust
for toddlers 12 to 36 months
egocentrism
imitates words and sounds and adult behavior
engages in parallel play
loves routine
follows direction
toddler assessment guidelines
steady growth in weight and height
development of body images, learn to associate body parts with meaning
Gender identity is developed by age 3
developing self image
with toddlers allow them to
help with adult tasks, impt. to feel productive
with toddlers why is it impt to provide toys or activities that help with expression of feelings
lang. skills aren't developed enough
When assessing the child is impt. to let them
hold and touch equipment to reduce their fear
developmental milestones for toddlers: gross motor
