HSCO 500 Liberty Poverty as A Social Problem Outline for Research Paper assign.pdf

Research Paper – Working Outline Instructions

Using current APA format, you will create a Working Outline as the next step towards

your Final Research Paper. This outline will include a title page and references page(s),

making any corrections from the Research Topic Paper and Annotated Bibliography

Paper feedback.

You will outline your proposed Final Paper into various sections. You must include a brief

summary (thesis statement) of the kind of content and scholarly sources you plan to

include, giving a clear direction for your Final Research Paper.

You must cite ALL the sources from your Annotated Bibliography paper into the Working

Outline (carefully review the provided Working Outline Example!). You can add or delete

sources as you build your outline, however, ALL proposed sources (minimum of 10 peer-

reviewed journal articles) must be cited in the outline!

Sources must be referenced as appropriate, following current APA format, and you must

include your references in an APA References page at the end of the Working Outline.

Make sure to review the “Working Outline Example” and follow that format in your

Working Outline paper that you upload for grading!

Please see the attached document for the Research Topic and the annotated

bibliography and grading rubic for the outline. Please make all corrections noted in the

comment sections and all corrections based on feedback in red font color- MAJOR

REQUIREMENT.

Running head: POVERTY IN AMERICA 1

POVERTY IN AMERICA

Introduction to Human Services Counseling – HSCO 500

Student Name

Date

Liberty University

POVERTY IN AMERICA 2

POVERTY IN AMERICA

My research topic will be poverty in America because poverty is a reflection of society

and is not a personal choice. Poverty is primarily a social problem that is affecting many people

in America. Majorly, when a country's economy is static, that country is deemed as poor.

Another factor is the imbalance between a country's population and its natural resources.

Resources are available to assist low or no income families, but not everyone is qualified for

certain benefits; this can lead to poverty. America is the superpower, yet some of its people are

starving. This is a paradox that needs an explanation.

America is also the home to many billionaires and industrialists like Jeff Bezos and Bill

Gates, yet the majority of Americans are unemployed. This is another paradox. Therefore, I have

settled on the topic of "Poverty in America." Data from the United States Census Bureau shows

that the poverty rate in America is at 13. 5 %. In terms of population, this means approximately

43.1 million American citizens are battling the pangs of poverty (Hector, Najera & David, 2019).

One way to define poverty is the state of not having sufficient income to meet the three main

basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. However, there is more to poverty than just not

having sufficient income. Poverty is also associated with not being in a position to afford the

medication needed. Moreover, poverty means not being able to afford quality education or any

education at all (Hector, Najera & David, 2019).

America is one of the world's most developed countries, and many expect not to read or

witness poverty in America. However, this is not true, and poverty is indeed wreaking havoc in

America. Many people are not able to fuel their cars or take their families on vacation because of

the little income they earn. Unemployed Americans living from paycheck to paycheck find it

hard to cope with the demands of life. One of the main reasons why people lack jobs in America

POVERTY IN AMERICA 3

is that larger companies and corporations prefer outsourcing jobs to developing economies. In

developing economies, the human labor force is cheaper compared to an average American

worker. Many chain stores are under receivership in underperforming cities; therefore, they

remain closed (Bradshaw, Chant & Linneker, 2019).

The available jobs in America pay minimum wages that can hardly sustain a family of

five. Compared to other established nations, poverty in America is ranked the highest. Some

American spends a lot of money on drugs and gambling, which is another factor that can lead to

poverty. According to Joseph (2019), 40 % of Americans are homeless due to addiction and

gambling. This number could rise, and the government needs to develop a contingency plan to

end poverty.

POVERTY IN AMERICA 4

Reference

Héctor E. Nájera Catalán & David Gordon (2019) The Importance of Reliability and Construct

Validity in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: An Illustration Using the

Multidimensional Poverty Index for Latin America (MPI-LA), The Journal of

Development Studies, DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2019.1663176

Rigaud Joseph (2019) Poverty, Welfare, and Self-Sufficiency: Implications for the Social Work

Profession, Journal of Poverty, 23:6, 505-520, DOI: 10.1080/10875549.2019.1616037

Sarah Bradshaw, Sylvia Chant & Brian Linneker (2019) Challenges and Changes in Gendered

Poverty: The Feminization, De-Feminization, and Re-Feminization of Poverty in Latin

America, Feminist Economics, 25:1, 119-144, DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2018.1529417

Feedback: Poverty is an excellent topic and there is a wealth of information. All sources should

be based upon US populations and you will need to thoroughly cover statistics (incidence,

prevalence, demographics), causes/contributing factors, effects/outcomes, and interventions.

Please keep this is mind as you begin to prepare the Annotated Bibliography. All assertions and

conclusions must be literature supported and it is imported to make sure that information is

interpreted and presented correctly. Parenthetical citations look good. All references are

incorrect, and the US Census Bureau should be listed in the references. Please refer to the APA

manual and sample papers for formatting. Please contact me with questions.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction to Human Services Counseling – HSCO 500

Student Name

Professor’s name

Liberty University

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Poverty in America - Annotated Bibliography

Brady, D. (2019). Theories of the Causes of Poverty. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 155-175.

The author discusses the various frameworks for theories of poverty. The author argues

that the cause of poverty can be categorized into three broad theories. The first theory is

the behavioral theory, which discusses how individual behaviors could lead to increased

poverty conditions. The second is structural theories, which look into how demographics

and the labor market can influence poverty. The third theory is the political theories, which

argue that political power and institutions can implement certain policies that may

contribute to increased poverty. This article is crucial to my research as it tries to explain

some of the causes and factors leading to poverty.

Cates, C. B., Weisleder, A., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2016). Mitigating the effects of family

poverty on early child development through parenting interventions in primary care.

Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S112-S120.

The authors researched various ways available to mitigate the effects of poverty on early

child development. According to the authors, socioeconomic disparities that exist in child

development and school readiness significantly affect the child’s educational

performance. Poverty can adversely affect the childhood development of children from

poor backgrounds. However, interventions such as improved pediatric primary care, in a

bid to prevent behavioral and developmental problems can significantly aid in improving

the child’s developmental conditions. The authors also highlight promoting positive

parenting can significantly improve the child’s developmental outcomes, which translates

to better education and improved chances for a better life.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3

Frank, J. M., & Rice, K. (2017). Perceptions of poverty in America: Using social empathy to

reframe students’ attitudes. Social Work Education, 36(4), 391-402.

In this journal, the authors study how various social workers perceive issues of poverty in

the United States. Social work requires the individual to adhere to social justice principles,

and help poor and marginal groups to achieve a better social status. In such work, the

negative perception of people living in poor conditions can significantly affect the quality

of work of the social worker. The authors, therefore, argue that social work educators

should devise teaching techniques that will ensure social empathy is embraced. The authors

also highlight the benefits of social work and welfare programs in helping alleviate poverty

from American residents.

Kerr, W. C., Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., Caetano, R., Giesbrecht, N., & McFarland, B. H. (2017).

Economic recession, alcohol, and suicide rates: comparative effects of poverty,

foreclosure, and job loss. American journal of preventive medicine, 52(4), 469-475.

In this article, the authors investigate the effect of poverty on alcohol abuse, suicide rates,

unemployment, and foreclosures. The authors use national data to evaluate the effects of

poverty from 16 states. Their study reported significant evidence on the relationship

between poverty rates and increased alcohol consumption and suicide rates among adults

in the United States. Also, poverty rates were found to play a crucial role in the

unemployment rates of persons living in poverty levels. This article is crucial to the

research as it addresses the effect of poverty rates on unemployment, suicide rates, and

alcohol abuse.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4

Kimmel, P. L., Fwu, C. W., Abbott, K. C., Ratner, J., & Eggers, P. W. (2016). Racial disparities

in poverty account for mortality differences in US medicare beneficiaries. SSM-

population health, 2, 123-129.

According to the authors, a higher mortality rate in minority communities such as Blacks

compared to Whites has been proven and investigated widely. However, the authors

argue that the high mortality rate seen in the Black communities can also be significantly

influenced by poverty. The authors investigated the relationship between high poverty

levels and increased mortality rates. Their study revealed that poverty significantly

contributes to social and health inequalities, which mostly leads to mortality disparities

seen today. With high poverty levels, individuals living in the poverty level are unable to

access quality health. Therefore, they end up suffering and dying from various diseases.

This study will help to highlight the effects of poverty on mortality rate.

Kneebone, E., & Holmes, N. (2016). Concentrated poverty in the wake of the Great Recession.

Brookings. Available at: https://www. brookings. edu/research/us-concentrated-poverty-

in-thewake-of-the-great-recession.

In this article, the author provides graphical data indicating the prevalence of poverty in

the United States. According to the article, the authors highlight that over the last 40 years,

the number of US population that lived below the federal poverty line was between 11 to

15 percent. Also, the authors highlight that between the years 2000 and 2014, the number

of residents living below the poverty line rose from 22 million to 47 million. This article

will provide great insights into the research, as it shows the rate of poverty in the United

States.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5

Sandel, M., Faugno, E., Mingo, A., Cannon, J., Byrd, K., Garcia, D. A., ... & Jarrett, R. B.

(2016). Neighborhood-level interventions to improve childhood opportunity and lift

children out of poverty. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S128-S135.

The authors discuss the various policies and interventions that can be implemented to

alleviate child poverty in the United States. According to the authors, intergenerational

poverty is primarily linked to the present unequal distribution of resources and

opportunities. The authors suggest interventions such as improving the opportunities

structure within the neighborhoods and community economic initiatives can significantly

in improving child health, development, and improve the socioeconomic status of the

families. This article is useful in the research as it highlights various measures and tools

that can be implemented to improve the socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods.

Semega, J. L., Fontenot, K. R., & Kollar, M. A. (2017). Income and poverty in the United States:

2016. Current Population Reports, (P60-259).

The authors researched the income and poverty levels in the United States or the year 2018.

In this article, the authors analyze the median household income for 2018 across all

demographics. In the same way, the authors also analyzed the poverty levels of US

residents in 2018 across all demographics. This research presents crucial information for

the research study, as it analyzes both household income of Americans and the poverty

levels in the US, which will help in highlighting the current state of most US residents in

terms of their standards of living, according to their demographics.

Smeeding, T., & Thévenot, C. (2016). Addressing child poverty: How does the United States

compare with other nations?. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S67-S75.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6

In this article, the authors seek to compare various measures and policies taken by other

rich nations and compares them with those in the United States. The authors note that

poverty levels in the United States are considerably high compared to other high-income

countries. Household composition and labor market are the major drivers to child poverty.

One of the interventions suggested includes investing in children, supporting parental

employment, and incomes. By doing so, the families will be able to ensure the children get

a better education, better healthcare, and improved living conditions.

Wagaman, M. A., Compton, K. S., & Segal, E. A. (2018). Social empathy and attitudes about the

dependence of people living in poverty on government assistance programs. Journal of

Poverty, 22(6), 471-485.

With the number of people living in poverty steadily increasing in the US, getting a

perception of how other members of society view these poor people is essential. The

authors discuss how other individuals view people who are living in poverty and are

dependent on the government’s assistance. The role of social empathy and attitudes

towards the people living in poverty plays a significant role in the attitudes directed towards

poor people. Wealthy Americans may not understand the challenges that poor people are

facing or even factors that can contribute to an individual becoming poor. The article will

help in highlighting the social empathy and attitudes of people living in the poverty

threshold.

Feedback: You have done a good job identifying peer reviewed articles, however, more will be needed to

thoroughly address the topic. Articles that focus on theory and beliefs, as opposed to the practical

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

evaluation of poverty and its impact on society should be used in the Introduction. Selected articles do not

address how/why Poverty is a social issue. Who is impacted (statistics on incidence, prevalence, and

demographics)? What are the literal causes and contributing factors (unemployment, mental health issues,

substance abuse, lack of education, generational cycles)? What are the effects/outcomes (mental health

issues, exposure to violence, developmental delays in children, health disparities, food insecurity)? What

are the available interventions and governmental programs to address the noted effects? Articles that

answer these type of practical questions are needed.

To successfully complete the Outline and final paper, supporting literature will need to address basic

content areas: Introduction and Overview, Statistics, Causes/Contributing Factors, Effects/Outcomes, and

Possible Solutions. Please modify the focus of your search to find appropriate articles.

For the Outline, the Roman numerals are comparable to Level 1 headings (major areas); i.e., I. Intro, II.

Statistics, etc. The outline may be organized as you see fit to accommodate content. Many of the articles

selected above may be used for introductory information. In a 10-12-page paper, Level 1 and Level 2

headings should be sufficient, to avoid a choppy (too many paragraphs) paper. Although 10 sources is the

minimum, the best and most thorough papers typically have more than the minimum. It is important to

pay attention to length specifications; detailed, yet concise, writing will be necessary to not exceed 12

pages in the final paper (a little extra is acceptable).

Working Outline

A working outline is crafted after all of your preliminary research is done. It is a solid

tool to organize all of the concepts you will address in your research paper and can easily be

converted into a final draft of your actual paper.

Use standard outlining format (see below), with your thesis statement above the first

Roman numeral entry; it will become the foundation for your introductory paragraph (which in

APA style is never preceded by a heading titled “introduction”):

 Thesis statement

 All of your primary issues will be enumerated as Roman numerals (I, II, III). These

should be left-justified, in standard outline format. They will later become your Level 1

headings (see page 62 of your APA manual). Include some bullets or phrases to support

each, with citations in proper APA format for the resources in your reference list.

Complete sentences are not necessary in an outline.

 The supporting (secondary) issues for each primary issue will be labeled with capital

letters (A, B, C). These should be indented ½”, in standard outline format. They will later

become your Level 2 headings.

 Any tertiary issues that support your secondary issues will be labeled with Arabic

numbers (1, 2, 3). These should be indented 1”, in standard outline format. They will

become your Level 3 headings.

 Subheadings under the tertiary issues would be labeled with lowercase letters (a, b, c).

These would be indented 1-1/2”, in standard outline format. They would become your

Level 4 headings.

 The last possible level would be issues supporting the Level 4 headings, which would

be labeled with lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii). These would be indented 2”. They

would become Level 5 headings.

 Conclusion.

As with all outlines and papers, there must be at least two divisions for each level used, if

any. Outlines cannot have a “I” without a “II” or an “A” without a “B,” for example. Likewise,

APA papers cannot have just one Level 2 heading under a Level 1 heading; there must be at least

two Level 2 headings under that Level 1 heading, or no Level 2 headings there at all. In other

words, if you don’t plan to divide the larger section into two or more smaller sections, do not

divide it at all. Each new larger section starts anew. It is possible to have five Roman numerals,

with capital letters under just the fourth one; others may have capital letter divisions under every

Roman numeral.

Also note that the information included under each section should NOT be in complete

sentences. Phrases should be short and direct. A standard title page and reference page are also

required, as required in all APA assignments. Sample working outline follows on the next page.

SAMPLE WORKING OUTLINE 1

Sample Working Outline

Student Name

Liberty University

SAMPLE WORKING OUTLINE 2

Sample Working Outline

Thesis: God designed and created man with an internal yearning to have close interpersonal

relationships and attachment to Him and others, thus behavioral issues resulting from attachment

disorders have spiritual implications.

I. The Core Causations of Reactive Attachment Disorder:

A. Attachment Theory and Development of Attachment Styles

1. John Bowlby; Jane Ainsworth.

2. Anxious/ambivalent, avoidant, or secure (Besharat, 2011, p. 475).

a. 16% = anxious/ ambivalent;

b. 21% = avoidant;

c. 63% = secure (Levy et al., 2011, p. 193).

3. Childhood attachment styles develop into lifelong patterns.

B. Pathways to Depravity:

1. RAD develops during the first three years of a child’s life;

2. Due to lack of adequate and appropriate caretaker;

3. RAD = lack of empathy; research = confirmed link between compromised

levels of empathy and antisocial behaviors (Thompson & Gullone, 2008, p. 123).

C. Statistics:

1. United States:

a. 38-40% of foster children;

b. 195,000.

2. International:

a. 1% of all children worldwide;

b. 22,000,000 (Hall & Geher, 2003, p. 149).

SAMPLE WORKING OUTLINE 3

II. Correlations Between One’s Attachment to Others and Corresponding Attachment to God

A. Attachment to Others:

1. People = flesh-and-bone correlation of God’s design.

2. By definition = children with RAD shun true intimacy with everyone/God.

B. God Image and Attachment:

1. Scriptural correlations:

a. “Man is designed to relate to God and the human brain is [in fact]

‘wired for God’” (Fayard et al., 2009, p. 167).

b. Jesus Christ = “living water” (John 4:10, 13).

c. Bible = replete with imagery of God as a compassionate, caring,

involved, devoted and doting father to His children

d. God’s own example = emotional intimacy, bonding, secure attachment

2. Impact of personal religiosity on attachment:

a. Parents with higher levels of personal religiosity = “stronger

authoritative parenting skills … and report less parent-child conflict”

(Pickering & Vazsonyi, 2010, p. 98).

b. Children with a genuine relationship with God = stronger resilience in

navigating the adolescent years (Pickering & Vazsonyi, 2010, p. 111-

112).

C. Spiritual Implications:

1. RAD = spiritual implications because it necessarily interferes with the person’s

ability to relate to God;

2. It interferes with a person’s ability to relate to others.

III. Conclusion

SAMPLE WORKING OUTLINE 4

References

Besharat, M. (2011). Development and validation of adult attachment inventory. Procedia –

Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 475–479.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.093

Fayard, C., Pereau, M., & Ciovica, A. (2009). ‘Love the Lord with all your mind’: Explorations

on a possible neurobiology of the experience of god and some implications for the

practice of psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 28(2), 167-181.

Hall, S., & Geher, G. (2003). Behavioral and personality characteristics of children with reactive

attachment disorder. The Journal of Psychology, 137(2), 145-162.

Levy, K., Ellison, W., Scott, L. & Bernecker, S. (2011). Attachment style. Journal of Clinical

Psychology: In Session, 67(2), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20756

Pickering, L., & Vazsonyi, A. (2010). Does family process mediate the effect of religiosity on

adolescent deviance?: Revisiting the notion of spuriousness. Criminal Justice and

Behavior, 37, 97-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809347813

Thompson, K., & Gullone, E. (2008). Prosocial and antisocial behaviors in adolescents: An

investigation into associations with attachment and empathy. Anthrozoos, 21(2), 123-137.

https://doi.org/10.2752/175303708X305774

SAMPLE WORKING OUTLINE 5

HSCO 500

Page 1 of 1

RESEARCH PAPER WORKING OUTLINE RUBRIC TEMPLATE (BASED ON 100 POINT TOTAL)

Criteria

Levels of Achievement

Criteria

Advanced (A- to A):

Satisfies criteria w/

excellence

Proficient (B- to B+) :

Satisfies Criteria

Developing (C- to C+):

Satisfies most criteria

Below Expectations (F

to D+):

Does not satisfy criteria

Not Present

Points

Earned

Content 70% (70 pts.)

Content

65 - 70 pts.

The outline is clear and

well-focused. Content

displays a clear direction

for the final research paper.

59 - 64 pts.

The outline is clear but

needs focus. Content

displays adequate direction

for the final research paper.

53 - 58 pts.

The outline is vague and

lacks some clarity and focus.

Content displays some

direction for the final

research paper.

1 - 52 pts.

The outline is unclear

and unfocused. Content

displays little to no clear

direction for the final

research paper.

0 points

Structure 30% (30 pts.)

Style

15 pts.

The paper properly uses

current APA style. The

paper reflects a graduate

level voice and vocabulary.

There are very few spelling

and grammar errors.

13 - 14 pts.

The paper consistently uses

current APA style with few

or no exceptions. The paper

reflects a graduate level

voice and vocabulary. There

are few spelling and

grammar errors.

12 pts.

The paper inconsistently

uses APA style. The paper

does not consistently reflect

a graduate level voice and

vocabulary. There are

spelling and grammar errors.

1 - 11 pts.

The paper erroneously

uses or does not use

APA style. The paper

does not reflect a

graduate level voice and

vocabulary. There are

spelling and grammar

errors.

0 points

Sources

15 pts.

The Reference page meets

or exceeds the required

number of sources. All

sources are referenced

throughout the outline.

13 - 14 pts.

The Reference page meets

the required number of

sources. Most sources are

referenced throughout the

outline.

12 pts.

The Reference page does not

meet the required number of

sources. Not all sources are

referenced throughout the

outline.

1 - 11 pts.

The Reference page is

not present or contains

few sources. Not enough

sources are referenced

throughout the outline, or

none are referenced.

0 points

Total

A Working Outline

Name

Institution

Course

Professor

Date

A Working Outline

Thesis: People who do not have material possession or have insufficient income in the united states

are termed to be living in poverty. America is the superpower, yet some of its people are starving.

This is a paradox that needs an explanation.

I. Introduction

A. Poverty as a social problem (Frank & Rice, 2017).

B. Theories and beliefs (Brady, 2019).

1. Behavioral theory

2. Structural theories

3. Political theories

4. Economic theories

a. Classical and neoclassical

b. Neoliberal/keynsian

c. Radical/ Marxian

d. Social capital and social exclusion

II. United States Poverty statistics (US Census Bureau, 2019)

III. Poverty causes in America

A. Overpopulation (Semega et al., 2017).

B. Epidemic diseases

C. Lack of education

D. Unemployment

E. Climate change

F. Food access

G. Health

IV. Effects of poverty (Amarante & Brun, 2018).

A. Food insecurity

B. Homelessness

C. Lack of access to health care (Kimmel et al., 2016).

D. Poor child care (Sandel et al., 2016).

E. Increase in crime

V. Possible interventions (Berger et al., 2018)

A. Programs

1. Low-income Home Energy Assistance (Wagaman et al., 2018)

2. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

3. National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (Smeeding & Thévenot, 2016).

4. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

(Cates et al., 2016).

5. Community Services Block Grant (Kearney & Harris, 2014).

B. Increase employment opportunities

C. Raise America’s wages

D. Invest in education

E. Invest in health systems

VI. Conclusion

References

Amarante, V., & Brun, M. (2018). Cash transfers in Latin America: effects on poverty and

redistribution. Economía, 19(1), 1-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90025861

Berger, L. M., Cancian, M., & Magnuson, K. (2018). Anti-poverty policy innovations: New

proposals for addressing poverty in the United States. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation

Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(3), 1-19. DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2018.4.3.01

Brady, D. (2019). Theories of the causes of poverty. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 155-175.

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550

Cates, C. B., Weisleder, A., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2016). Mitigating the effects of family poverty

on early child development through parenting interventions in primary care. Academic

pediatrics, 16(3), S112-S120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.015

Frank, J. M., & Rice, K. (2017). Perceptions of poverty in America: Using social empathy to

reframe students’ attitudes. Social Work Education, 36(4), 391-402.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2017.1287261

Kearney, M., & Harris, B. (Eds.). (2014). Policies to address poverty in America. Brookings

Institution Press.

Kimmel, P. L., Fwu, C. W., Abbott, K. C., Ratner, J., & Eggers, P. W. (2016). Racial disparities

in poverty account for mortality differences in US medicare beneficiaries. SSM-population

health, 2, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.003

Sandel, M., Faugno, E., Mingo, A., Cannon, J., Byrd, K., Garcia, D. A., ... & Jarrett, R. B. (2016).

Neighborhood-level interventions to improve childhood opportunity and lift children out

of poverty. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S128-S135.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.013

Semega, J. L., Fontenot, K. R., & Kollar, M. A. (2017). US Census Bureau, current population

reports, P60-259, income and poverty in the United States: 2016. US Government Printing

Office, Washington, DC, 10-11.

Shannon, P. (2014). Reading poverty in America. Routledge.

Smeeding, T., & Thévenot, C. (2016). Addressing child poverty: How does the United States

compare with other nations?. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S67-S75.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.011

Wagaman, M. A., Compton, K. S., & Segal, E. A. (2018). Social empathy and attitudes about

dependence of people living in poverty on government assistance programs. Journal of

Poverty, 22(6), 471-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2018.1460740

A Working Outline

Name

Institution

Course

Professor

Date

A Working Outline

Thesis: People who do not have material possession or have insufficient income in the united states

are termed to be living in poverty. America is the superpower, yet some of its people are starving.

This is a paradox that needs an explanation.

I. Introduction

A. Poverty as a social problem (Frank & Rice, 2017).

B. Theories and beliefs (Brady, 2019).

1. Behavioral theory

2. Structural theories

3. Political theories

4. Economic theories

a. Classical and neoclassical

b. Neoliberal/keynsian

c. Radical/ Marxian

d. Social capital and social exclusion

II. United States Poverty statistics (US Census Bureau, 2019)

III. Poverty causes in America

A. Overpopulation (Semega et al., 2017).

B. Epidemic diseases

C. Lack of education

D. Unemployment

E. Climate change

F. Food access

G. Health

IV. Effects of poverty (Amarante & Brun, 2018).

A. Food insecurity

B. Homelessness

C. Lack of access to health care (Kimmel et al., 2016).

D. Poor child care (Sandel et al., 2016).

E. Increase in crime

V. Possible interventions (Berger et al., 2018)

A. Programs

1. Low-income Home Energy Assistance (Wagaman et al., 2018)

2. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

3. National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (Smeeding & Thévenot, 2016).

4. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

(Cates et al., 2016).

5. Community Services Block Grant (Ravallion, 2016).

B. Increase employment opportunities

C. Raise America’s wages

D. Invest in education

E. Invest in health systems

VI. Conclusion

References

Amarante, V., & Brun, M. (2018). Cash transfers in Latin America: effects on poverty and

redistribution. Economía, 19(1), 1-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/90025861

Berger, L. M., Cancian, M., & Magnuson, K. (2018). Anti-poverty policy innovations: New

proposals for addressing poverty in the United States. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation

Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(3), 1-19. DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2018.4.3.01

Brady, D. (2019). Theories of the causes of poverty. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 155-175.

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022550

Cates, C. B., Weisleder, A., & Mendelsohn, A. L. (2016). Mitigating the effects of family poverty

on early child development through parenting interventions in primary care. Academic

pediatrics, 16(3), S112-S120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.12.015

Frank, J. M., & Rice, K. (2017). Perceptions of poverty in America: Using social empathy to

reframe students’ attitudes. Social Work Education, 36(4), 391-402.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2017.1287261

Kimmel, P. L., Fwu, C. W., Abbott, K. C., Ratner, J., & Eggers, P. W. (2016). Racial disparities

in poverty account for mortality differences in US medicare beneficiaries. SSM-population

health, 2, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.003

Ravallion, M. (2016). The Economics of Poverty. (1st Edition). Oxford University Press.

Sandel, M., Faugno, E., Mingo, A., Cannon, J., Byrd, K., Garcia, D. A., ... & Jarrett, R. B. (2016).

Neighborhood-level interventions to improve childhood opportunity and lift children out

of poverty. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S128-S135.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.013

Semega, J. L., Fontenot, K. R., & Kollar, M. A. (2017). US Census Bureau, current population

reports, P60-259, income and poverty in the United States: 2016. US Government Printing

Office, Washington, DC, 10-11.

Smeeding, T., & Thévenot, C. (2016). Addressing child poverty: How does the United States

compare with other nations?. Academic pediatrics, 16(3), S67-S75.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.011

Wagaman, M. A., Compton, K. S., & Segal, E. A. (2018). Social empathy and attitudes about

dependence of people living in poverty on government assistance programs. Journal of

Poverty, 22(6), 471-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2018.1460740

I think you sent back the same unedited document. Also need running head and page

numbers....APA seventh edition formatting. I can see that you removed the source dated

2014...

This source is on the annotated bibliography but is missing from the outline

Kerr, W. C., Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., Caetano, R., Giesbrecht, N., & McFarland, B. H.

(2017). Economic recession, alcohol, and suicide rates: comparative effects of poverty,

foreclosure, and job loss. American journal of preventive medicine, 52(4), 469-475.

Outline DOs:

 Read instructions very carefully.

 Include all appropriate sources from the Annotated Bibliography; 10 is the

minimum and sources should be recent, within 5 years, peer reviewed

journal articles based on US populations. All foundational sources must

meet these basic criteria. Additional sources may be used to complement

the foundational 10. There is not a maximum and all proposed sources

should be included.

 Identify and include additional sources if you were advised to do so.

 Cover basic content areas- Introduction/Overview, review of relevant

Statistics, Causes/Contributing Factors, Effects/Outcomes, Interventions,

and Conclusion.

 Include a strong Thesis Statement

 Include a Reference page

 Follow the Sample for formatting- Of note, the Sample is for basic

formatting. Make your outline fit your content.

A Working Outline

Name

Institution

Course

Professor

Date

A Working Outline

Thesis: People who do not have material possession or have insufficient income in the united states

are termed to be living in poverty. America is the superpower, yet some of its people are starving.

This is a paradox that needs an explanation.

I. Introduction

A. Poverty as a social problem (Frank & Rice, 2017).

B. Theories and beliefs (Brady, 2019).

1. Behavioral theory

2. Structural theories

3. Political theories

4. Economic theories

a. Classical and neoclassical

b. Neoliberal/keynsian

c. Radical/ Marxian

d. Social capital and social exclusion

II. United States Poverty statistics (US Census Bureau, 2019)

III. Poverty causes in America

A. Overpopulation (Semega et al., 2017).

B. Epidemic diseases

C. Lack of education

D. Unemployment

E. Climate change

F. Food access

G. Health

IV. Effects of poverty (Amarante & Brun, 2018).

A. Food insecurity

B. Homelessness

C. Lack of access to health care (Kimmel et al., 2016).

D. Poor child care (Sandel et al., 2016).

E. Increase in crime

V. Possible interventions (Berger et al., 2018)

A. Programs

1. Low-income Home Energy Assistance (Wagaman et al., 2018)

2. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

3. National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (Smeeding & Thévenot, 2016).

4. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

(Cates et al., 2016).

5. Community Services Block Grant (Ravallion, 2016).

B. Increase employment opportunities

C. Raise America’s wages

D. Invest in education

E. Invest in health systems

VI. Conclusion