Which of the following are among the functions of literature review in research?
a. clarifying and defining concepts of the study
b. locating previous studies to replicate
c. defining the frontiers of their field
d. placing research questions in perspective
e. identifying methodologies that have proven useful
On which central principle is conducting a literature review in quantitative research
based?
a. Research studies are built on previous work.
The preliminary literature review stage is conducted only in quantitative research.
a. True
b. False
According to the grounded theory of qualitative research, researchers should not
read any of the existing literature when conducting a study.
a. True
b. False
The grounded theory approach to research is different from the traditional scientific
method in that it is:
a. limited.
b. inductive.
c. deductive.
d. preconceived.
Which of the following are Boolean terms that can be used in literature search
engines?
a. OR
b. NOT
c. ANY
d. IF
e. AND
Which of the following are true of the current ERIC database?
a. Any article can be indexed in the database.
b. It exists only in electronic form.
c. It is freely accessible to the public.
d. It indexes the most education-related primary sources of any database.
e. It exclusively indexes academic publications.
In which of the following situations would using a citation index be particularly
useful?
a. There is research relevant to your research topic that is outside the field of
education.
b. You find an important study that is decades old, and you want to find
subsequent research on the topic.
c. You want to search within the abstracts of research articles on a particular
topic.
d. You want to find research articles on a specific topic that were not
published in academic journals.
What is the largest source of educational statistics?
a. reference works
b. academic journals
c. schools
d. government
Which of the following publications compiles statistical information over the range
of U.S. education?
a. Condition of Education
b. Digest of Education Statistics
c. American Statistics Index
d. Projections of Education Statistics
Which of the following are true of aggregate databases in general?
a. They combine single-topic databases.
b. They can be used to access many different academic journals.
c. They can be used to search the full text of articles.
d. They require special subscriptions.
e. They are accessible for free.
Which of the following are important reasons for learning to search online databases
effectively?
a. Online databases are usually more up-to-date than indexes in print.
b. Electronic databases are free to use and thus lower the cost of searching.
c. Without using online databases, there is no way to tell if articles are peer-
reviewed.
d. Many sources of indexes and abstracts are not available in hard copy.
e. Boolean searches by computer are much more powerful than manual searches.
The main drawback of Internet searches is finding too much information.
a. True
b. False
what is the primary consideration when evaluating Internet sources?
a. authority
b. timeliness
c. free availability
d. accuracy
Which of the following are recommended ways to organize a literature search?
a. Read the entire article before deciding whether it is relevant.
b. Write bibliographic references on separate note cards.
c. Skim articles to find the sections most relevant to your question.
d. Quote liberally from the sources you cite.
e. Start with the most recent studies and then work backward.
Ethical issues arise in educational research because the subject matter is:
a. inexact.
b. human.
c. important.
d. controversial.
What were the ethical principles established by the 1979 Belmont Report?
a. respect for participants' privacy
b. participants' right to know the study's methodology
c. participants' right to know the nature of the study
d. protection of human subjects from harm
e. participants' right to know the study's findings
The law requires that an institutional review board (IRB) must evaluate the research
design and methodology of any proposed study with human subjects.
a. True
b. False
In reviewing a research proposal, the first step of an institutional review board (IRB)
is to determine:
a. whether or not the study meets ethical guidelines.
b. whether or not the study will require accommodations or guidelines.
c. what population will be under study.
d. what level of review it should receive.
For a study in which subjects are considered "at risk," what must researchers be
able to argue?
a. The procedures of the study do not break any local or federal regulations.
b. No harm will actually come to the subjects in the study.
c. Medical or other support systems will be made available to subjects.
d. Subjects must be fully informed of the risks, and their consent must be obtained.
e. The value of the knowledge to be gained is greater than the potential harm.
Which of the following are purposes of an informed consent statement?
a. to document subjects' intention to participate
b. to disclose everything about the study to potential participants
c. to inform participants about the purpose of a study
d. to provide legal indemnity for the researchers carrying out the study
e. to enable potential subjects to make an informed choice about participation
A researcher may deceive the participants during the study if necessary, but the
participants must be given a full explanation after the study ends.
a. True
b. False
What is the central ethical concept in research with human subjects?
a. privacy
b. disclosure
c. consent
d. accountability
Researchers have professional obligations to:
a. publish all results of their research in a professional journal.
b. report the results of all statistical analyses.
c. use the method of statistical analysis chosen before the study begins.
d. run additional statistical analyses when results do not turn out as expected.
e. report their findings fully.
Researchers may not submit the results of a study to more than one professional
journal at a time.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following are unique ethical issues in qualitative studies?
a. Qualitative study designs may change during the course of the study.
b. The data in a qualitative study are not exact and require subjective
interpretation.
c. Anonymity and confidentiality are difficult to protect.
d. Unanticipated situations may arise that require ethical decisions.
e. The intended problem may be different from the one actually studied.
In which of the following areas have the review requirements for research with
human participants been recently revised?
a. continuing review of ongoing studies
b. publication of results
c. consent forms
d. exempt categories of research
e. criteria for determining risk to participants
What unique qualities of a qualitative research study may generate special ethical
responsibilities?
a. It may be difficult to report objective findings from the study.
b. Researchers may have to report activities that are illegal or abusive.
c. They provide richer data than a quantitative study does.
d. Researchers cannot maintain full confidentiality in their findings.
Why is it difficult to protect the anonymity of participants in a qualitative study?
a. The data collected in qualitative studies are not exact.
b. Ethical issues are difficult to anticipate.
c. The study design may need revision after it has already begun.
d. The researchers work closely with the participants.
How have the requirements for consent forms been revised recently?
a. The definition of "at risk" has been revised.
b. Some types of research will be exempt from requiring consent forms.
c. Subjects' anonymity must be more closely protected.
d. Potential subjects must be given a better understanding of the study.
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