Question 1
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Which of the following reinforcement procedures would be most appropriate for the
classroom?
Selected Give immediate reinforcement when a desired behavior is observed.
Answer:
Response The most appropriate choice is immediate reinforcement following a
Which of the following would be the most effective to help children engage in self-
regulated learning when completing long or complex tasks?
Selected A task completion checklist
Answer:
Response One way to help children engage in self-regulated learning is to
Feedback:
provide a form for monitoring a long or complex task.
Question 2
Whenever students turn in their homework, a teacher rewards them with computer
time. The more often they turn in their homework, the more they are allowed to use
the computers. Students have been turning in their homework with increasing
frequency. Thus, the computer time is serving as a(n):
Selected reinforcer.
Answer:
Response Computer time is a reinforcer to increase the likelihood that students
Feedback:
will turn in their homework.
Question 3
At his locker, Rick is describing his exciting weekend to Tony, using very colorful and
inappropriate language. Tony gestures down the hall to let Rick know that Sherri is
approaching. Rick continues his story but instantly cleans up his language, sounding
like a completely different person while Sherri walks by. Rick's adjustment of his
behavior is based on:
Selected discrimination.
Answer:
Response Discrimination is the perception of and response to differences in
Feedback:
stimuli. Rick changes his behavior in response to the differences in
stimuli (Sherri).
_____________ refers to personal beliefs about one’s capabilities to help students learn.
Selected Instructional self-
Answer: efficacy
Selected
Answer:
Response
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The first phase in observational learning defined as paying attention to a model is:
Selected attention phase.
Answer:
Response The first phase in observation learning is paying attention to a
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model.
Question 8
Which of the following is an example of removal punishment?
Selected Loss of recess
Answer:
Response Removal punishment involves taking away something desirable-in
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this case recess
Question 9
Students do not know when a reinforcer is coming, but know that if they continue to
do their work, it will eventually appear. The students are being reinforced on what
type of schedule?
Selected Variable ratio
Answer:
Response A variable-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule in which desired
Feedback: behavior is rewarded following an unpredictable number of behaviors.
Question 10
In Bandura's classic study on modeling, children who observed a film of an
aggressive adult being punished:
Selected engaged in fewer aggressive acts during subsequent play than did the
Answer:
control group.
Response One of the classic experiments in social learning theory is a study done
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by Bandura in which students shown a video in which someone
engaging in aggressive acts in punished. Students who saw the model
severely punished engaged in significantly fewer acts of aggression in
Feedback:desired behavior. The other choices are unsound practices.
Question 6
Which of the following illustrates Bandura's concept of self-regulation?
A student engages in a desired activity after judging previous work as
well done.
Self regulation is the rewarding or punishing one's own behavior.
Question 7
subsequent play.
Question 11
Which of the following terms is defined as follows: applying unpleasant stimuli to
decrease a target behavior?
Selected Presentation punishment
Answer:
Response Presentation punishment involves applying an unpleasant stimulus to
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decrease a target behavior.
Question 12
Consequences that weaken behavior are called:
Selected punishers.
Answer:
Response Consequences that weaken behavior are called punishment or
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punishers.
Question 13
What type of reinforcer is being encountered when students enjoy taking a field trip
(which is the reward itself)?
Selected Intrinsic
Answer:
Response The field trip itself is the reward-a behavior that a person enjoys
Feedback: engaging in for their own sake, without any other reward.
Question 14
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Learning occurs either enactively or vicariously. Enactive learning involves learning from
______________ whereas vicarious learning involves learning from _______________.
Selected The consequences of one’s own actions; observing
Answer:others or things
Question 15
Miller and Dollard (1941) proposed an elaborate theory of imitation or ___________, which
contends that imitation is instrumental learned behavior because it leads to
reinforcement.
Selected Matched-dependent
Answer: behavior
Question 16
People acquire information about their personal self-efficacy from all but the following:
Selected
Answer:
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It is not possible to learn about
self- efficacy
__________________ refers to personal beliefs about one’s capabilities to learn or to
perform actions at designated levels.
Selected Self-
Answer: efficacy
Question 19
___________ refers to interactions between more experienced mentors and less
experienced mentees where they provide career (instructional) and psychosocial
(relational) knowledge, advice, and support.
Selected Mentorin
Answer: g
Question 20
Central to the concept of agency is ______________, or the process whereby individuals
activate and sustain behaviors, cognitions, and affects, which are systematically oriented
toward the attainment of goals.
Selected Self-
Answer: regulation
Question 21
Goddard, Hoy and Woolfolk Hoy (2000) discussed ______________, or perceptions of a
group of teachers in a school that their efforts as a whole will positively affect students.
Selected Collective teacher
Answer: efficacy
Question 17
Question 18
Question 22
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, which of the following best characterizes the role
of the bell (or tone), prior to conditioning?
Selected Neutral stimulus
Students receive a reward every third time they score 90 percent or higher on a test.
What schedule is being used to reinforce the students?
Selected Fixed ratio
Answer:
Response A fixed ratio schedule involves reinforcement which desired behavior
Feedback:
is rewarded following a fixed number of behaviors.
Answer:
Response
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Neutral stimuli have no effect on a particular response-in this case
the bell prior to conditioning.
A teacher spot-checks how students are doing by walking around the room, selecting
students to observe at random and then reinforcing those who are working well.
What type of schedule is being used?
Selected Variable interval
Answer:
Response A variable-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule in which
Feedback:
desired behavior is rewarded following an unpredictable amount of
time.
A reinforcer that allows a student to escape from an unpleasant situation is called
a(n):
Selected negative reinforcer.
Answer:
Response A negative reinforce increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur
Feedback: by removing an unpleasant stimuli-seatbelt buzzer stops when seatbelt
is buckled.
Question 23
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Question 26
Question 27
Question 28
According to social cognitive theory, which is not an accurate statement?
Selected Observing a model guarantees learning or later ability to perform
Answer:the behaviors
__________ refers to a situation in which one or more persons serve as the instructional
agents for another, usually in a specific subject or for a particular purpose.
Selected Tutorin
Answer: g
Question 24
Response facilitation modeling may occur without conscious awareness. Chartrand and
Bargh (1999) found evidence for a _________________, whereby people nonconsciously
mimic behaviors and mannerisms of people in their social environments.
Selected Chameleon
Answer: effect
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A key assumption of social cognitive theory is that people desire “to control the events
that after their lives” and to perceive themselves as ____________.”
Selected Agen
Answer: ts
Question 29
The three basic categories of secondary reinforcers are:
Selected social, activity, and token.
Answer:
Response The three basic categories of reinforcers are: social, activity, and
Feedback:
token.
Question 30
A student learns to add blocks and later transfers this skill to adding sticks, and
checkers. Educational psychologists would say that the student is demonstrating:
Selected generalization.
Answer:
Response Generalization is a carryover of behaviors, skills or concepts from
Feedback:
one setting to another.
