DSM-5-TR Summaries Assignment-Set 2
Author Note
Rocio V. Arriaga
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Rocio V. Arriaga
Email: rvega9@liberty.edu
DSM-5-TR Summaries Assignment
Rocio V. Arriaga
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
1
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Summary Set 2
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Overview
All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted. In this
summary we will focus on substance-related and addictive disorders. There are about 10
different classes of drugs that enclose the substance-related and addictive disorders. These
classes include hallucinogens, cannabis, alcohol, caffeine, hypnotics, opioids, anxiolytics,
inhalants, sedatives, tobacco, and other kinds of substances. There are two groups of substance
related disorders: substance use disorder and substance-induced disorder. When drugs are taken
in excessive manner, they active the reward system in the brain and normally produce feelings of
pleasure. Gambling is also considered to be a disorder. Gambling behaviors also trigger the
reward system in the brain very similar to those activated by drugs.
Disorders
Withdrawals, intoxication, and other substances fall under the substance-induced
disorder. While substance use disorder has a cluster that includes behavioral, cognitive, and
physiological patterns associated with the use of the substance. Behavioral and physical
symptoms fall under the alcohol use disorder. People who experience this disorder may consume
a large amount of alcohol on daily basis leading to problematic patterns of alcohol usage.
Cannabis use disorder, phencyclidine use disorder, other hallucinogen use disorder, inhalant use
disorder, opioid use disorder, stimulant use disorder, tobacco use disorder, sedative, hypnotic, or
anxiolytic use disorder just like alcohol use disorder include a negative usage pattern that may
lead individuals to significant impairment or distress. For these disorders, individuals must
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experience two of the many symptoms within a 12-month period. All disorders can be
detrimental to the individual’s health if not treated in a timely manner and accordingly.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
The gambling disorder is a non-substance related disorder that falls under this category.
This disorder consists of persistent and repetitive gambling behavior leading an individual to
impairment or distress. For this disorder, individuals must experience four of the many
symptoms within a 12-month period. Gambling has three risk and prognostic factors which are
temperamental, genetic, physiological, and course modifies. This disorder aggregates with
antisocial personality disorder, depressive and bipolar disorder, and other substance use
disorders, with alcohol disorder. Gambling disorder includes environmental and genetic factors.
This disorder may resolve over time among adolescents and young adults.
DSM-5-TR Summaries Assignment-Set 24
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Overview
All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted. In this
summary we will focus on trauma and stressor related disorders. These disorders are reactive
attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, acute
stress disorder, and adjusted disorder. Psychological distress along with traumatic or stressful
events are part of this disorders.
Disorders
Reactive attachment disorder is characterized as a negative behavior based on disturbed
and developmentally inappropriate attachment consisting of an emotional withdrawn behavior
where the child rarely seeks for other attachment figure for nurture, comfort, supposer, or
protection. Disinhibited social engagement disorder is known as being overly familiar with
strangers which violates the social boundaries of culture because they do not take time to form
emotional bonds. Exposure to one or more traumatic events leads to the development of
characteristic symptoms that define posttraumatic stress disorder. Acute stress disorder consists
of symptoms that last from three days to one month after exposure to one or more traumatic
events. Adjusted disorder consists of emotional or behavioral symptoms in reaction to an
unidentified stressor.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Disinhibited social engagement disorder consists of two risk and prognostic factors which
are environmental and course modifiers. It was interesting to learn that the only risk factor for
this disorder is serious social neglect which is also a diagnostic requirement for this disorder. If
DSM-5-TR Summaries Assignment-Set 2
the child is diagnosed with this disorder, it may persist even after the child has been removed
from the moderate environment to a better environment. However, not every child that has
experienced neglect develops this disorder.
5
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Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Overview
All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted. In this
summary we will focus on obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. This category includes
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder, hoarding disorder,
trichotillomania (hair pulling) disorder, excoriation (skin-picking) disorder,
substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, obsessive-compulsive
and related disorder due to another medical condition, and other specified obsessive-compulsive
and related disorder and unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder.
Disorders
Obsessions and/or compulsions define the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Obsessions are intrusive and persistent urges, images, or thoughts and compulsions are repetitive
behaviors or mental acts that the client may feel to perform based on their rules or in response to
an obsession. Individuals who believe that they are ugly, unattractive, etc. because of one or
more perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance may be classified with body
dysmorphic disorder. Hoarding disorder indicates a long-standing difficulty throwing away or
getting rid of possessions regardless of their value. Trichotillomania (hair pulling) disorder is
when an individual pulls his/her own hair from any region of the body that grows hair.
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder is when an individual picks his/her own skin such as face,
arms, and hands, but many individuals may pick from multiple body parts.
Substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder is attributable to the
effects of a substance and prominent symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and
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related disorders. A relevant medical condition must be present for the obsessive-compulsive and
related disorder due to another medical condition. Other specified obsessive-compulsive and
related disorder and unspecified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder are categories that
cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important
areas of functioning; but do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the obsessive-
compulsive and related disorders.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has four risk and prognostic factors which are
temperamental, environmental, genetic, and physiological. In childhood there are more possible
temperamental risk factors such as higher negative emotionality, greater internalizing symptoms,
and behavioral inhibition. Stressful or traumatic events such as physical and sexual abuse have
been associated with the increased risk of this disorder. Familial transmission is due to genetic
factors. Having a relative with OCD increases the risk of having OCD in an individual.
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References
DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. (2022). Arlington,
VA: American Psychiatric Association.
