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Performance Management, Development, and Branding in Strategic HR Assignment
Michael Ussery
BUSI 750
Liberty University
Dr. Calland
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Introduction
Since the day Adam and Eve were thrown out of the Garden of Eden, Man has had to
work to survive, be it working in the field to grow food or going into an office and managing
finances we all have a job to do that provides us with the ability to support ourselves. In the past,
most people worked in specific trades and likely ran their own shops and provided services
alone; in the present day, however, most people work for companies. This presents the need for
companies to employ human resource professionals and managers to help attract and cultivate
employees. Ultimately, we have two main concerns here: the cultivation of our current workforce
through regular employee performance reviews and development of employees; secondly, we
must brand our company as an attractive place to work that sets us apart from our competitors.
Employee Performance and Appraisal
Keller (2013) states that work is a divine purpose for us and that work is required of us
even in a perfect paradise. However, as discussed above, the original sin committed by Adam
and Eve has turned work from a pleasure to a toil. This toil results in employees feeling that their
work is fruitless, pointless, and ultimately selfish, where we begin to work to glorify ourselves
instead of God (Keller, 2013).
Fruitless refers to employees feeling that they do not see the benefit of the work they do;
normally, this refers to them feeling underpaid or that their work goes unrecognized. These
feelings can quickly lead to a phenomenon called quiet quitting, this is essentially the act of
employees giving up and doing the bare minimum to avoid being fired (Scheyett, 2022). The
way we counter this is to ensure that employees are properly motivated. Employees have
different motivating factors; some do the work because they love what they do, and some work
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because they need a purpose in life. However, most people work simply because they need to pay
bills. To retain employees, it is important for organizations to understand what motivates them
and work to give the employees the fulfillment they need. One method is through performance
appraisals. Organizations can use performance reviews and appraisals to bring attention to the
positives and try to keep employees motivated. This can also be a chance for managers to zero in
on deficiencies an employee may have and address them in a constructive way (Valentine et al.,
2020). Ultimately these appraisals can be used to determine raises and allocate limited funds that
a company has to the employees who are deemed most deserving (Scott et al., 2008).
When Keller (2013) discussed the problem of feeling work is pointless, he pointed out
the fact that even when the salary is sufficient, workers can still feel unfulfilled if they feel the
work they are completing does not do any good. Any work that we complete here on earth will
fade and be forgotten over time and, therefore, will eventually be for nothing (Keller, 2013). This
is why employee engagement is vital. Managers and human resources should discuss what an
employee's contributions mean to the company and the customers they serve (Valentine et al.,
2020). Additionally, this is a good time to set goals for the year and discuss these with the
employee. Goals can provide employees with feelings of accomplishment and motivation
throughout the year; science has proven that SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic, Time-bound) has been proven to increase employee motivation and sense of
accomplishment (Landers et al., 2015).
Lastly we get to the problem of selfishness, this is when an employee is purely motivated
by them trying to make a name or proving how important they are (Keller, 2013). As Christians,
we received our glory and importance through God not through our own works (p. 115). Through
performance meetings, managers can keep this problem in check and curb the issues that may
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arise through the use of feedback and discussion. During the review, the manager should discuss
positives and negatives and teach the employee how to showcase the positives while correcting
the negatives (Valentine et al., 2020)
Performance reviews are an amazing tool managers can use to not only guide employee
behavior but also to connect with their employees and identify the concerns and blockers an
employee may be experiencing (Valentine et al., 2020). These can be done as frequently as
needed; in fact, more frequent informal meetings have been proven to be more effective and
create a better culture (Ahmed et al., 2013). A forward-thinking company will also utilize these
meetings to discuss career development and training opportunities and needs.
Career Development and Training Opportunities
Career development is not only important to the employee but also greatly benefits the
company. In fact, preparing for employee turnover and retirement is vital. Focusing on how to
develop employees and plan succession can and should be done at every level (Valentine et al.,
2020). A key part of career development is mentoring; as stated by Hardy (1990), “it is a good
idea to seek the advice of others known for mature and balanced judgment.” At every level of our
career, we can still learn from those that have been there before.
Careers do not always move in a straight vertical line for an employee; oftentimes, an
employee's current career may not be the career they end up in (Hardy, 1990). This is where
managers and employees need to be on the same page and be open with one another. If a
company has the ability to move an employee laterally then training and development should be
provided in order to keep the employee. This will often result in an employee with a much higher
job satisfaction (Valentine et al,. 2020).
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Ensuring employees have the knowledge to complete the job is just as important. Hardy
(1990) tells us that we should use the gifts that God has provided us with to help one another.
This does not mean that our gifts do not need to be cultivated or nurtured, just because a person
is good at accounting does not mean they are prepared to be a chief financial officer for a major
bank. In order for an employee to learn the skill required to move up, they need to train; this
could be through on-the-job training or classroom-style training. Valentine et al. (2020) tell us
that training can be broken down into four main categories: Legally required, Basic and remedial
skills, Job and technical training, and Soft skills. For the purpose of this work, we will focus on
the last two. Job and technical training is training that can improve the employee's performance
or prepare them for the next level. Soft skills are training in things such as communication or
management techniques (Valentine et al., 2020). These types of training not only make
employees better at their jobs but can also increase job satisfaction and employee loyalty.
additionally, as stated in the Wall Street Journal, many of these soft skills are hard to find and
need to be cultivated in the workforce (Davidson, 2016).
Ultimately, training and developing our current workforce is ideal; however, there are
times when we need to bring in new employees due to growth, turnover, or missing skill sets.
This is where it is important to have the ability to attract and employ the best talent.
Building a Brand and Recruiting Talent
Having positions go unfilled causes several issues; there is a tangible cost of lost
productivity and advertising costs, and there is a hidden cost of the increased workload and stress
on the other team members (Duda & Žůrková, 2013). With this in mind, it is essential to ensure
that talent seeks out a company as much as it seeks them. This is done through branding. Usually,
when you think of branding, you think of customer-focused branding; however, many companies
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have recognized the importance of being branded as a great workplace (Ong, 2011). There are
surveys that rank the best places to work both online and in local publications on a regular basis
that companies strive to be at the top of (Valentine et al., 2020). Being on one of these lists can
bring in a large number of applicants and help tremendously in recruiting. These lists are often
ranked based on the compensation package, benefits, culture, and work-life balance (Ong, 2011).
A poor image in these categories can drive potential employees away quickly, take Amazon for
example who in the past was known to burn through employees quickly due to insane work
hours and very little work-life balance in the pursuit of overly ambitious ideas (Kantor &
Streitfield, 2015). Over time this caused major turnover and recruiting issues that had to be
corrected, the result of the correction was an increase in productivity and efficiency.
Over the past decade or so, companies have begun turning to social media in order to
recruit talent; sites such as Glassdoor, LinkedIn, and even Facebook have changed the way
companies recruit (Valentine et al., 2020). Through these platforms, companies could utilize
highly targeted advertisements that can be used to go after candidates with specific skills or
experience (p. 205). Other technologies have changed the way we recruit and select participants
also, such as artificial intelligence (AI), these technologies can automate the selection process by
eliminating candidates automatically based on missing experience or other factors (Li et al.,
2021). However, these technologies do come with risks, such as bias being introduced if the AI is
not properly configured or the data sets are not properly vetted (Dattner et al., 2019).
Hiring and Retention at Lockheed Martin
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Lockheed Martin (LM) is a very large defense contractor that employs over 100
thousand employees across four business units and a small corporate-level unit. According to
Glassdoor.com LM is highly competitive on salary and benefits so they have to ensure they are
setting themselves apart when trying to maintain and recruit quality employees. Currently, the
company is very well known and recruits well; however, they have an issue with turnover that
should be addressed. This is caused by a limited budget for merit increases, poor career
development, and inept selection screening for new employees, per Glassdoor/research reviews.
Valentine et al. (2020) offer some solid strategies to assist with this; a better performance review
and merit system would allow managers greater flexibility to retain top performers, and
increased screening of new employees would eliminate hires that require extensive on-the-job
training that overburdens other team members. While LM does utilize internships to a certain
degree, a larger utilization will not only create a more stable and vetted recruitment channel but
also provide labor that can reduce the burden on other employees (Valentine et al., 2020). LM
also has an issue of poor career development in some areas as cross-training and succession
planning at mid-levels can be hard to find. However, both of these functions not only help the
employee but they create a more robust and stable workforce that the company can utilize to be
more resilient to change (Valentine et al.,2020).
Conclusion
The workplace is not what it once was where employees do 20+ years at a single
company and retire with a gold watch. In today's world employees will leave and return and they
job-hop in order to find their place in the world. As stated by Hardy (1990), people's first career
choice is often not even their last. Business leaders and HR representatives need to recognize
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these facts and ensure they are building a workplace that can not only attract the talent they need
but also develop and keep the talent they already have.
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References
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Davidson, K. (2016, August 30). EMPLOYERS FIND ‘SOFT SKILLS’ LIKE CRITICAL
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