lOMoARcPSD|22517024
BUSI 418 Levels of
Evidence
International Business (Liberty
University)
lOMoARcPSD|22517024
BUSI 418
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
STUDENT NAME:
Title of each article Match the order of the
articles as listed in the references at the bottom of this
template and as in your Literature Review.
Purpose of the study (brief overview) Need
citation in APA format
Results Need citation in APA format
Level of Evidence
Identified in the article
Reason/Criteria
for Level
Selected
(Type/design of
research)
Biblical Integration
If Scripture is quoted,
explain how it is
integrated into the
assignment or
article
Article 1 Title : Out of pocket cost burden in Level I Evidence This was a survey to seek Doctors are aware of the
pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A cross a wide range of direct stress that come with having
sectional cohort analysis. Inflammatory Bowel and indirect IBD but they may not be
Diseases Costs related the patient aware the financial stress it
Purpose: To sort the direct out-of-pocket cost from the parent’s brings. Doctors should
burden on the parents of children with IBD. perspective. This level of practice being of good cheer
“Affected children with a more relapsing evidence I choose was a while in the present of any
disease course and families in lower income cross-sectional cohort patient because of the
strata, ineligible for need-based assistance analysis with 3 distinct anxiety a hospital can bring.
programs, disparately absorb ongoing financial stages: development of Proverbs 12:25 Anxiety in a
stress” (Sin, Damman, Ziring, Gleghom, an online HIPAA-secure man's heart weighs him
Garcia-Careaga, Gugig, Park, 2015, p.1368). survey using the down, but a good word
Results: Patients who frequently relapse and/ Qualtrics web-based makes him glad.
or uncontrolled IBD require more acute care platform collection of
services and sustain higher out of pocket cost results from the parents
burden. “Lower middle income parents of of pediatric patients with
children with IBD ineligible for need-based IBD with primary
assistance may be particularly at risk for residence in California,
financial stress from OOP costs related to and analysis of results
ongoing medical care” (Sin, Damman, Ziring, using descriptive
Gleghom, Garcia-Careaga, Gugig, Park, 2015, statistics and multivariate
p.1368). analysis (Sin, Damman,
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BUSI 418
Ziring, Gleghom, Garcia-
Careaga, Gugig, Park,
2015, p.1369).
Article 2 Title: Attitudes, Patterns of
Recommendation and Communication of
Pediatric Providers About Complementary and
Alternative Medicine in a Large Metropolitan
Children’s Hospital. Clinical Pediatrics
Purpose: The authors conducted an Email
survey of their medical staff to explore the
attitudes, patterns of recommendation, and
communication of pediatric providers about
complementary and alternative medicine
(CAM) in a large metropolitan children’s
hospital.
Results: “The results of the current
investigation indicate that primary care and
subspecialty pediatricians in a major
children’s hospital have positive attitudes
toward CAM therapies. Providers are aware of
CAM used by their patients and they also
recommend CAM therapies. The results
further suggest that there is a positive
relationship between personal CAM use by
conventional medical providers and the
likelihood that CAM therapies will be
recommended for patient care” (Kundu,
Tassone, Jimenez, Seidel, Valentine, Pagel,
2011, p.153)
Level I Evidence An email was sent out
using Stata statistical
software for data
analysis. The level I
evidence I have chosen
suggest statistical
synthesis of the
numerical results of
several trials from
different providers that
addressed the same
question, in the same
setting and design. The
question, was clearly
formulated about
awareness of CAM to
pediatric subspecialists
and primary care
providers.
Providers are to help
patients in any way possible
whether traditional or
alternative medicine. It
should benefit the patient
and not the provider. Acts
20:35 In all things I have
shown you that by working
hard in this way we must
help the weak and
remember the words of the
Lord Jesus, how he himself
said, ‘It is more blessed to
give than to receive.’
Article 3 Title : Outcomes and associated
ethical considerations of long -run pediatric
Level IV evidence from
case controlled studies.
I choose this level of
evidence because the
Ethical considerations are to
be used at all times on all
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BUSI 418
ECMO at a single center institution
Purpose: To study the survival rate of
neonatal and pediatric patients on EMCO
(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) ≥21
days. Patients may have a poor survival and
increased long-term complications compared
to those of less time on ECMO.
Results: The survival rate was 36% in patients
undergoing ≥21 days of ECMO. Some
patients had cardiopulmonary failure from
acquired etiologies while others achieved
complete recovery with no neurologic deficits.
The remaining survivors suffer from multiple
medical and neurodevelopmental morbidities.
The study also revealed that the older the
child, the less time spent on ECMO revealed
little to no effects.
evidence used in this
study is retrospective.
The case studies are from
children less than age 18
who were placed on
ECMO. The researchers
used medical records
from 2007 to 2017. The
outcome was compared
to children who were on
ECMO for at or greater
than 21days or less than
14 days.
patients. Using ethical
considerations in full accord
for all patients with the
same mind and
love.Phillippians 2:2
Complete my joy by being
of the same mind, having
the same love, being in full
accord and of one mind.
Article 4 Title : Considerations for practice-
based research: A cross-sectional survey of
chiropractic, acupuncture and massage
practices. BMC Complementary and
Alternative Medicine.
Purpose: To understand the settings in which
practitioners provide CAM services within the
healthcare system. This paper describes and
quantifies practice environment characteristics
for a cross-sectional sample of doctors of
chiropractic, licensed acupuncturists, and
licensed massage therapists in the United
States.
Results: CAM practices vary across and
Level V systematic
reviews
A computer assisted
telephone software was
used to complete a 10-15
minute survey. I choose
this level of evidence
because of the systematic
reviews used. The
researchers had a clearly
formulated question
which was do
practitioners use
complementary and
alternative medicine. The
systematic methods used
Given the matter that this
research was conducted
with different practitioners
and with different patients
concerns. They all were in
need of or have used
alternative medicine. Even
in the bible it gives the
option of another source for
healing. 1 Timothy 5:23 No
longer drink only water, but
use a little wine for the sake
of your stomach and your
frequent ailments.
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BUSI 418
within disciplines in ways that can were identified and
significantly impact design and relevant to the research
implementation of practice-based research. where they analyzed the
CAM research and intervention programs need data that was included in
to be mindful of the heterogeneity of CAM the review. They
practices in order to create appropriate analyzed the data with a
interventions, study designs, and chiropractor,
implementation plans. acupuncturists and a
massage therapist.
References are to be in APA format with hanging indents and in alphabetical order by
authors
References
Ares, G.j., Buonpane, C., Helenowski, I., Reynolds, M., Hunter, C. J. (2019). Outcomes and associated ethical considerations of long
-run pediatric ECMO at a single center institution. Pediatric Surgery International. 35(3). 321-328. Retrieved
from: https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2171093173?accountid=12085
Floden, L., Howerter, A., Matthews, E., Nichter, M, Cunningham, J. K., Ritenbaugh, C., Muramoto, M. L. (2015). Considerations
for practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of chiropractic, acupuncture and massage practices. BMC
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 15 (1). 1-8. Retrieved from: https://bmccomplementmedtherapies-biomedcentral-
com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/track/pdf/10.1186/s12906-015-0659-7
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BUSI 418
Kundu, A., Tassone, R. F., Jimenez, N., Seidel, K., Valentine, J. K., Pagel, P. S. (2011). Attitudes, Patterns of Recommendation and
Communication of Pediatric Providers About Complementary and Alternative Medicine in a Large Metropolitan
Children’s Hospital. Clinical Pediatrics. 50(2). 153-158. Retrieved from: https://journals-sagepub-
com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922810384724#articleCitationDownloadContainer
Sin, A. T., Damman, J. L., Ziring, D. A., Gleghom, E. E., Garcia-Careaga, M.G., Gugig, R. R., Park, K. T. (2015). Out of pocket cost
burden in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A cross sectional cohort analysis. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 21 (6). 1368-
1377. Retrieved from: https://academic-oup-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/ibdjournal/article/21/6/1368/4579497
