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AAintheU.S.Post-AntebellumtoCivilRightsMovement-1.pptx
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instructionsss.docx
Discussion Board 5 Continuing Racist Systems
5252 unread replies.5252 replies.
For this weeks discussion, I want you to focus on discussing how we can understand the continuation of racist systems through chattel slavery, convict leasing/Jim Crow, and Mass Incarceration that have affected African Americans since 1619. So in your post, share how you think these systems are connected. Provide at least one course materials citation (reading or lecture) that supports your position as to how each are connected to each other. Also respond to two peers posts in order to receive full credit.
Requirements:
1 post: respond to this question, how are chattel slavery, convict leasing/Jim Crow, and Mass Incarceration connected?
-include a course material reference (reading/lecture) that supports your position
2 responses to two different peers’ posts
AAintheU.S.Post-AntebellumtoCivilRightsMovement-1.pptx
African Americans in the U.S. Post-Antebellum to Civil Rights Movement
Lecture Layout
What we'll be covering:
End of the Civil War and new Race Politics
The history of Reconstruction
New race relations under Jim Crow
Examples of Black Codes and Vagrancy Laws
New slavery through Convict Leasing System
Factors leading to Civil Rights movement
Civil Rights movement
Key Terms:
Jim Crow Laws: collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. Named after a Black minstrel show character, the laws—which existed for about 100 years, from the post—Civil War era until 1968—were meant to marginalize African Americans by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs, get an education or other opportunities.
Black Codes: were strict local and state laws that detailed when, where and how formerly enslaved people could work, and for how much compensation. The codes appeared throughout the South as a legal way to put Black citizens into indentured servitude, to take voting rights away, to control where they lived and how they traveled and to seize children for labor purposes.
Civil Rights: are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression.
End of Civil War and New Race Politics
Civil war ends 1865 (1861-65)
South loses and Chattel Slavery system official ends
Lincoln pushes a new system of race relations in the U.S.
Remember that he didn't support equality between Whites and Blacks but didn’t want the South to have independence and power
The healing U.S. now how to deal with existing racial/racist sentiments and newly freed black people
Reconstruction and New Constitutional Laws about race
Reconstruction Era (1865-77) began after the civil war to:
Integrate Southern states into national governing processes
Shift away from slavery economies focusing on free labor and industrialization
Protect and integrate newly freed Black people
Freedman bureau (1865-1872) established to provide African Americans food, shelter, and work
Reconstruction Laws:
13th amendment- abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for a crime
14th amendment- birthright citizenship and protection against state laws that infringe on citizen rights
15th amendment- protects voting rights for racial minorities and formerly enslaved peoples
The fall of Reconstruction
This era is short lived and never really actualizes the full integration of freed African Americans into the U.S.
A huge depression hits in the mid 1870s that distracts the U.S. government from reconstruction efforts
South continuously fights to keep races separated and maintain racist hierarchies
Contested election of President Hayes motivated federal government to remove troops from the south that had been ensuring the protection of African Americans
Fall of reconstruction:
https://www.pbs.org/video/slavery-another-name-rise-and-fall-reconstruction/
New Race relations under Jim Crow and Black Codes
During reconstruction and after we saw a system of Race relations emerge through Jim Crow and Black Codes
Jim Crow Laws: collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. Named after a Black minstrel show character, the laws—which existed for about 100 years, from the post—Civil War era until 1968—were meant to marginalize African Americans by denying them the right to vote, hold jobs, get an education or other opportunities.
Black Codes: were strict local and state laws that detailed when, where and how formerly enslaved people could work, and for how much compensation. The codes appeared throughout the South as a legal way to put Black citizens into indentured servitude, to take voting rights away, to control where they lived and how they traveled and to seize children for labor purposes.
New Race relations under Jim Crow/Black Codes
https://www.pbs.org/video/slavery-another-name-origins-black-codes/
Examples of Black Codes: Mississippi
Examples of Vagrancy Laws (South Carolina)
Apprenticeship
Orphans and children of poor/destitute parents. The South Carolina code authorized courts to apprentice such black children, even against their will, to an employer until age 21 for males and 18 for females. Masters had the right to inflict moderate punishment on their apprentices and to recapture runaways. But the code also required masters to provide food and clothing to their apprentices, teach them a trade, and send them to school.
Labor Contracts
Created a new situation with black servants and white masters. Contracts had to written and approved by a judge. Black servants had to reside on the employer’s property, remain quiet and orderly, work from sunup to sunset except on Sundays, and not leave the premises or receive visitors without the master’s permission. Masters could “moderately” whip servants under 18 to discipline them. Whipping older servants required a judge’s order. Time lost due to illness would be deducted from the servant’s wages. Servants who quit before the end date of their labor contract forfeited their wages and could be arrested and returned to their masters by a judge’s order.
New Slavery through Convict Leasing System
Images of Convict Labor
The Great Migration
Continuous racial subjugation and racial violence lead many African Americans to flee the south
Primary issues:
Racial Hostility/racist violence
Lack of economic Opportunity and segregation
This was known as the great migration
Occurred in two phases (1915-40) and (1940-70)
Estimated 6,000,000 African left to northern midwest and east as well as west coast
Factors leading up to the Civil Rights movement
Many African Americans came to realize that they would never be fully integrated into U.S. society
Segregation rampant throughout the U.S.
Anti-miscegenation laws prevented interracial marriage
Racist violence and race riots were rampant across the U.S.
Even though African Americans were living, working, and serving the country, equality was never attainable for African Americans
Civil Rights movement
African American/Black Rights emerged to contest the historic mistreatment of the community
Leaders hope to:
End lynching/extra-legal killing
End de jure or by law racial segregation (military service/housing/schools/public facilities/stores and restaurants)
End voting disenfranchisement (literacy tests/poll taxes/grandfather clauses)
Movement organizers across the US pushed law makers to pass new Civil Rights legislation to protect their communities from discrimination and violence
Civil Rights: are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression.
Conclusion
End of the Civil War and new Race Politics
The history of Reconstruction
New race relations under Jim Crow
Examples of Black Codes and Vagrancy Laws
New slavery through Convict Leasing System
Factors leading to Civil Rights movement
Civil Rights movement
Key terms:
Jim Crow
Black Codes
Civil Rights
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