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Emergence of Modern Policing Policies The War on Drugs gave rise to the Mass Policing and Incarceration stems The War on Drugs marked a particular shift in policing theory->policy Officers originally seen as “peace officers” charged with making sure communities were peaceful (with both positive and negative implications) Post Reagan, we see the shift to broken window policing: The broken windows theory ties minor criminal offenses to larger systems of social disorder. According to this argument, citations criminalizing unwanted (but not necessarily serious) behavior do more than punish and deter petty crimes—they also serve to maintain the social order in a way that discourages violent and high- level crime, benefiting the entire community. A large fine for littering, for example, not only discourages littering but also becomes a principal bulwark against more serious criminal activity by helping maintain the appearance of a law-abiding community. (Sobol, 2017, pg. 8) What we see now is an emphasis on low-level crime and ”crime ridden” areas Poor communities and communities of color become zones of “high crime” but data on this is sketchy in that arrests are made for very minor offenses which inflate crime statistics