Chapters 50-51-52

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 50

International Style

1920s – 1930s

If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:

1) Math Type Plugin

2) Math Player (free versions available)

3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)

1

O. Modernism

Design for the present; rejects forms & elements of the past, historicism, the academic tradition, & idea of style

Looking to the past for solutions is regressing; looking to modern science & technology is progressing & is modern

New architecture, interiors, & furniture needed for modern hurried, tense, & machine-shaped lifestyles

Believes itself separate from before, but influenced by design reform movements: Arts and Crafts, De Stijl, & designers, Frank Lloyd Wright

Revealed structure, honest & modern materials

Rejects applied decoration; prefers abstraction, rationality, geometric forms

Functionalism, universal solutions, machine aesthetic

International Style

Broadly, a modern architectural style appearing in Europe in 1920s & rest of world from 1930s onward

Narrowly, refers to 1932 exhibit at Museum of Modern Art, New York city

“Modern Architecture: An International Exhibition,” organized by Alfred Barr, Henry Russell Hitchcock, Philip Johnson

Book: The International Style Since 1922

Synonymous with modernism; evolves from work of small group of architects

Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, others

Comes to dominate commercial buildings, factories, public housing

Concepts

Synthesis of ideas from architects in Germany, France, Netherlands

Modern materials & construction methods, reinforced concrete & steel

New architecture that does not reinvent the past or maintain status quo

Challenge traditional ways of designing & look for ways to improve life through architecture

Response to devastation of World War

disillusion with

politics & culture

Machine-like architecture a means to transform, reform

Democratize design, create new ways of living & working for modern industrial society

Characteristics and Motifs

Three broad principles:

Emphasis on volume over mass; regularity from standardized parts; proportions & materials emphasized over ornament

Machine aesthetic: functionality, simplicity, purity, anonymity, standardization, flexibility

Smooth white or glass walls, minimal color, geometry, solid/void relationships, industrial materials

Interiors, furniture compliment through simplicity, spaciousness, similar materials, no applied ornament

No vocabulary of motifs; some designers include unique architectural details

Architecture

Product of previous ideas, forms, technologies, construction methods of individuals, movements, design schools

Bauhaus brings together & design for mass production

Le Corbusier: radical architecture for social reform

Stronger machine aesthetic & “Five Points of Architecture”

Simplicity; clean lines not obscured by ornament; purity of form (cubes, cylinders)

Steel & reinforced concrete skeleton permits free, open floor plans & any exterior design, including glass curtain walls

Doors & windows important design elements

Some raised on thin piers

Flat roofs

50.1a

Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau, Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels, 1925; Paris France; Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. International Style.

Long Description:

The roof is flat. The pavilion has a garden with a hole in its roof to let the tree out. The walls have glass windows, and glass walls with curtains.

7

50.1b

Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau hall, Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels, 1925; Paris France; Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. International Style.

Long Description:

The hall is one and a half stories. The ground floor walls are decorated with different types of paintings. The doorways are simple rectangles. A sideboard and a cupboard on a metal frame are in the hall. The wall on the left has windows with curtains. The floor has a rug only toward the doorway with an alignment balustrade. The cushion chairs, chairs with metal frames, and tables are arranged. The top story has a glass wall and a sculpture.

8

50.2

Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, P S F S, now Lowes Philadelphia Hotel), 1929-1932; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; William Lacaze. International Style.

Long Description 1:

It is a multiple-story skyscraper building. The facade and side walls have repetitive glass windows separated by vertical and horizontal beams. A protruded multi-story tower rises along with the building and extends above the building. The top of the building has a board with text that reads P S F S.

Long Description 2:

The building has an asymmetrical structure. The ground story has stained glass walls and the beams are furnished with tiles. The facade and side walls have repetitive glass windows separated by vertical and horizontal beams. A protruded multi story tower rises along with the building. The glass windows are simple rectangle windows.

9

50.2b

Philadelphia Saving Fund Society banking room, 1929-1930; Philadelphia Pennsylvania; William Lecaze. International Style.

Long Description:

A large hall has two mezzanine floors. The ceiling and the walls have shiny tiles. The numerous circular and rectangular shape lamps are on the ceiling. The mezzanine floors have curved balustrades. The floors have tiles. The columns support the ceiling.

10

50.3

Dom-ino Housing Project, 1914; Le Corbusier.

Long Description:

It is an open floor plan modular structure. It has a basement, floor, and roofs for the ground floor and first story, and zig zag stairs to the stories. It has six columns on each floor, rises from the ground floor, and continues to the top story.

11

50.4

Lovell Beach House, 1925-1926; Newport Beach, California; Rudolph Schindler. International Style.

Long Description:

The house has a large portico supported by rectangular frame walls that have glass windows. The stairs to the first story elevate through the rectangular frames supported by columns. The first story has slanting roof and glass windows.

12

50.5

House, Versailles, France; published in Examples of Modern French Architecture, 1928; Andre Lurcat. International Style.

Long Description:

The house has plain walls with rectangular and circular windows with draperies. A rounded balcony has glass windows and draperies. The metal balustrade is in the front. The stair railing is a plain wall and terminates with the square holed wall.

13

50.6a

Philip Lovell (Heath) House, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

Long Description:

The Philip Lovell house is located on a hill surrounded by trees. The house has a portico supported by columns. The top story has glass windows with curtains. The terrace has balustrades. The walls are plain.

14

50.6b

Philip Lovell (Heath) House entry, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

50.6c

Philip Lovell (Heath) House interior, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

Long Description:

The walls are plain and have glass windows with curtains. The stairs have a side wall. The plants are on the wall and pedestals. The metal frame cushion chairs and sofa are arranged.

16

50.7a

Villa Savoye, 1929-1931; Poissy, Paris, France; Le Corbusier. International Style.

Long Description:

The Villa Savoye has curved wall shields s

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present

First Edition

Chapter 50

International Style

1920s – 1930s

If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:

1) Math Type Plugin

2) Math Player (free versions available)

3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)

1

O. Modernism

Design for the present; rejects forms & elements of the past, historicism, the academic tradition, & idea of style

Looking to the past for solutions is regressing; looking to modern science & technology is progressing & is modern

New architecture, interiors, & furniture needed for modern hurried, tense, & machine-shaped lifestyles

Believes itself separate from before, but influenced by design reform movements: Arts and Crafts, De Stijl, & designers, Frank Lloyd Wright

Revealed structure, honest & modern materials

Rejects applied decoration; prefers abstraction, rationality, geometric forms

Functionalism, universal solutions, machine aesthetic

International Style

Broadly, a modern architectural style appearing in Europe in 1920s & rest of world from 1930s onward

Narrowly, refers to 1932 exhibit at Museum of Modern Art, New York city

“Modern Architecture: An International Exhibition,” organized by Alfred Barr, Henry Russell Hitchcock, Philip Johnson

Book: The International Style Since 1922

Synonymous with modernism; evolves from work of small group of architects

Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, others

Comes to dominate commercial buildings, factories, public housing

Concepts

Synthesis of ideas from architects in Germany, France, Netherlands

Modern materials & construction methods, reinforced concrete & steel

New architecture that does not reinvent the past or maintain status quo

Challenge traditional ways of designing & look for ways to improve life through architecture

Response to devastation of World War

disillusion with

politics & culture

Machine-like architecture a means to transform, reform

Democratize design, create new ways of living & working for modern industrial society

Characteristics and Motifs

Three broad principles:

Emphasis on volume over mass; regularity from standardized parts; proportions & materials emphasized over ornament

Machine aesthetic: functionality, simplicity, purity, anonymity, standardization, flexibility

Smooth white or glass walls, minimal color, geometry, solid/void relationships, industrial materials

Interiors, furniture compliment through simplicity, spaciousness, similar materials, no applied ornament

No vocabulary of motifs; some designers include unique architectural details

Architecture

Product of previous ideas, forms, technologies, construction methods of individuals, movements, design schools

Bauhaus brings together & design for mass production

Le Corbusier: radical architecture for social reform

Stronger machine aesthetic & “Five Points of Architecture”

Simplicity; clean lines not obscured by ornament; purity of form (cubes, cylinders)

Steel & reinforced concrete skeleton permits free, open floor plans & any exterior design, including glass curtain walls

Doors & windows important design elements

Some raised on thin piers

Flat roofs

50.1a

Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau, Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels, 1925; Paris France; Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. International Style.

Long Description:

The roof is flat. The pavilion has a garden with a hole in its roof to let the tree out. The walls have glass windows, and glass walls with curtains.

7

50.1b

Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau hall, Exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels, 1925; Paris France; Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. International Style.

Long Description:

The hall is one and a half stories. The ground floor walls are decorated with different types of paintings. The doorways are simple rectangles. A sideboard and a cupboard on a metal frame are in the hall. The wall on the left has windows with curtains. The floor has a rug only toward the doorway with an alignment balustrade. The cushion chairs, chairs with metal frames, and tables are arranged. The top story has a glass wall and a sculpture.

8

50.2

Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, P S F S, now Lowes Philadelphia Hotel), 1929-1932; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; William Lacaze. International Style.

Long Description 1:

It is a multiple-story skyscraper building. The facade and side walls have repetitive glass windows separated by vertical and horizontal beams. A protruded multi-story tower rises along with the building and extends above the building. The top of the building has a board with text that reads P S F S.

Long Description 2:

The building has an asymmetrical structure. The ground story has stained glass walls and the beams are furnished with tiles. The facade and side walls have repetitive glass windows separated by vertical and horizontal beams. A protruded multi story tower rises along with the building. The glass windows are simple rectangle windows.

9

50.2b

Philadelphia Saving Fund Society banking room, 1929-1930; Philadelphia Pennsylvania; William Lecaze. International Style.

Long Description:

A large hall has two mezzanine floors. The ceiling and the walls have shiny tiles. The numerous circular and rectangular shape lamps are on the ceiling. The mezzanine floors have curved balustrades. The floors have tiles. The columns support the ceiling.

10

50.3

Dom-ino Housing Project, 1914; Le Corbusier.

Long Description:

It is an open floor plan modular structure. It has a basement, floor, and roofs for the ground floor and first story, and zig zag stairs to the stories. It has six columns on each floor, rises from the ground floor, and continues to the top story.

11

50.4

Lovell Beach House, 1925-1926; Newport Beach, California; Rudolph Schindler. International Style.

Long Description:

The house has a large portico supported by rectangular frame walls that have glass windows. The stairs to the first story elevate through the rectangular frames supported by columns. The first story has slanting roof and glass windows.

12

50.5

House, Versailles, France; published in Examples of Modern French Architecture, 1928; Andre Lurcat. International Style.

Long Description:

The house has plain walls with rectangular and circular windows with draperies. A rounded balcony has glass windows and draperies. The metal balustrade is in the front. The stair railing is a plain wall and terminates with the square holed wall.

13

50.6a

Philip Lovell (Heath) House, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

Long Description:

The Philip Lovell house is located on a hill surrounded by trees. The house has a portico supported by columns. The top story has glass windows with curtains. The terrace has balustrades. The walls are plain.

14

50.6b

Philip Lovell (Heath) House entry, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

50.6c

Philip Lovell (Heath) House interior, 1928-1929; Los Angeles, California; Richard Neutra. International Style.

Long Description:

The walls are plain and have glass windows with curtains. The stairs have a side wall. The plants are on the wall and pedestals. The metal frame cushion chairs and sofa are arranged.

16

50.7a

Villa Savoye, 1929-1931; Poissy, Paris, France; Le Corbusier. International Style.

Long Description:

The Villa Savoye has curved wall shields s

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Art-Deco-Maze.pdf

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Art-Deco-Maze.pdf

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Art-Deco-Maze.pdf

ch-50-PPTaccessible.pptx

Art-Deco-Maze.pdf