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Annotated Bibliography
How Technologies Will Change Sports in the Digital Age
Schmidt, S. (Ed). (2021). 21st Century Sports: How technologies will change sports in the
digital age. New York: Springer.
This informative source is essential for this research study since it offers in-depth
research information regarding the topic and expounds on the technology-induced changes
and effects that have occurred within the previous 5 to 6 years in the sports industry. Most
importantly, this source provides vital information and insight into how the sports industry
will have been transformed due to technological emergence and influence, as well as how the
future will look due to these technologies. Notably, this source presents a collection of
numerous essays that various leading academics and practitioners have authored derived from
reputable higher learning institutions, including the University of Cambridge, Queensland
University of Technology, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subsequently, in this
collection of essays, the authors assess the influence of emerging technologies, such as
robotics on sports, IoT (internet of things), and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as examine
how they will transform the sports industry, existing business models, and consumer
behavior. The key findings of this source include providing vital information to innovators,
entrepreneurs, and athletes on how to identify trendsetting technologies in the sports industry,
as well as understanding how they will impact their sporting activities. This source will be
valuable to my research topic since it directly relates to it and provides in-depth research
findings on how these technologies will transform the sports industry in the current digital
age. The source is also valuable to my research topic since the author is a renowned scholar
who has written widely about various topics within the sports industry.
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Rathonyi, G., Bacsne Baba, E., Nuller, A., & Rathonyi-Odor, K. (2018). How Digital
Technologies are Changing Sport? Apstract Vol. 12. Number 3-4. 2018. Pages 89-96.
This source is both informative and insightful because it contains integral information
regarding my research topic. Notably, the source articulates that in the previous ten years,
computer science has gradually become a vital interdisciplinary partner within the sports
industry. The source also notes that historically, computers started being applied within the
sports industry in the mid-1960s and will continue to revolutionize and transform the sports
industry, especially in the present digital age. The source further stipulates that in the present
connected world, various technologies, including sensor technology, social media, big data
analytics, and wearable technology have drastically transformed the way sports are improved,
analyzed, and played. The key findings of this peer-reviewed article show that there exist four
macro areas that portray the link between informatics and sports, including fan experience,
event management, sports clubs, and athletic performance. The source further notes that
social media, big data, VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality), and mobile fan
experience are popular technologies nowadays that continue to revolutionize the sports
industry. Importantly, the article derives its research findings from reputable international
special literature findings and publications. The source also relates to my research topic
because it focuses directly on how the latest technologies are impacting the sports industry in
this digital age. The authors of this peer-reviewed source are distinguished sports scholars at
the famous University of Debrecen and have written widely on various sporting topics.
Habibi, F. & Khairandish, M. O. (2023). Evolution of technology in sports: Impact of
performance, management, and fan experience. International Journal of Science and
Research Archive, 2023, 10(01), 995-1000.
This source is instrumental to my research topic because it highlights valuable aspects
that are directly related to it, including stating that technological breakthroughs have
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significantly impacted exercise science and the sports industry. This source further notes that
technology has substantially transformed sports research and the exercise field and altered
how the athletic body is perceived nowadays. Importantly, this source examines how
technology has gradually evolved and impacted fan experience, the management of sports,
and sports performance. The source also discusses other related topics, including the
drawbacks and benefits of sports technology, different types of sports technology, and
increased performance using various sports technologies. Notably, the authors of this peer-
reviewed source are renowned scholars who have written widely about sports and covered
various sporting topics associated with technology. These authors conduct an in-depth
literature review from various peer-reviewed sources to reach their conclusions and findings.
This source also expounds on different theories of performance and technology, including the
determinist theory and instrumentalist theory. The source also expounds on various forms of
sports technologies, including database technologies, movement technologies, rehabilitative
technologies, virtual reality, and landscape technologies. This source relates to my research
topic since it discusses numerous topics linked to it, such as the positive and negative impacts
of technology, as well as the theories of technology.
Frevel, N., Beiderbeck, D., & Schmidt, S. L. (2022). The impact of technology on sports
– A prospective study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 182, Sept.
2020, 121838.
This source is educative and informative to my research topic because it expounds on
different concepts that are directly related to it, including expounding how the role of
technology has drastically revolutionized the sports industry. The source also notes that rapid
digitalization and technological progress have significantly transformed the function of
technology in the sports industry in the last twenty years. It is imperative to note that this
source utilizes the SportsTech Matrix, referring to a unique framework for capturing how
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various forms of technologies offer solutions to varied sports user groups. The source also
examines how technology will influence sports in the future. The research contained in this
peer-reviewed source is derived from a Delphi-based prospective study with qualitative and
quantitative assessments that were derived from 92 subject matter experts for 35 non-Delphi
prospective survey items and six future projections. The research findings in this source note
that technology by 2030 will substantially influence all the three sports user groups, including
managers, consumers, and athletes. The source further notes that experts project that
technology will play an integral factor for sporting performance enhancements, specifically
for athletes. Also, experts anticipate that sports content consumption will in the future will
continue to transform substantially for consumers, while new forms of manager profile in
regards to skill sets and backgrounds will be desirable for management. Notably, these
authors of this source are distinguished scholars who have written widely on numerous sports
topics. Hence, this source is related to my research topic because it provides vital research
findings essential to my research study.
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References
Frevel, N., Beiderbeck, D., & Schmidt, S. L. (2022). The impact of technology on sports – A
prospective study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 182, Sept.
2020, 121838.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162522003626
Habibi, F. & Khairandish, M. O. (2023). Evolution of technology in sports: Impact of
performance, management, and fan experience. International Journal of Science and
Research Archive, 2023, 10(01), 995-1000. https://ijsra.net/sites/default/files/IJSRA-
2023-0831.pdf
Rathonyi, G., Bacsne Baba, E., Nuller, A., & Rathonyi-Odor, K. (2018). How Digital
Technologies are Changing Sport? Apstract Vol. 12. Number 3-4. 2018. Pages 89-96.
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268896506.pdf
Schmidt, S. (Ed). (2021). 21st Century Sports: How technologies will change sports in the
digital age. New York: Springer.
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