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Aggression Content Summary
Aggression can be defined as the behavior intended to harm another individual (Kassin et
al., 2021). There are many different types of aggression which include proactive, reactive, and
frustration-aggression hypothesis. Anger, hostility, and violence are key elements within the
concept of aggression that people tend to deal with in certain aspects of their life. These factors
play a significant role in understanding how aggression effects each individual person.
Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory is behavior that is learned through the observation of other
individuals as well as through the direct experiences of rewards and punishments (Kassin et al.,
2021). According to Bandura, when individuals have to process and store information, the
stimulus response psychology of behaviorism is extended into the individual’s mind into account
(Chadee, 2022). Bandura conducted a study in which he observed the behavior of mildly
frustrated children on a doll in comparison to adults. His findings found that children followed
the adult’s model of aggression within the types of aggression that were exhibited (Kassin et al.,
2021). Bandura ultimately showed that social learning theory shows aggression through
observing the adult’s actions within the study without even realizing it.
Bullying
Bullying is one main form of aggression that is prevalent throughout society today
(Kassin et al., 2021). Bullying can be defined as aggressive behavior in which a person
intentionally and repeatedly causes another individual injury or discomfort. In a study conducted
at the University of Warwick, researchers found that children who are abused and neglected
display higher levels of aggression and antisocial traits which can allow them to be more inclined
to commit bullying behavior (Lereya et al., 2013). Being involved in bullying as a victim tends
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to have long-term mental health and life course consequences and children involved in these
behaviors are at a higher risk for psychological and behavioral problems (Lereya et al., 2013).
Culture of Honor
Culture of honor can be defined as a phenomena that emphasizes honor and social status
and the role of protecting that honor, especially in males (Kassin et al., 2021). It is inevitably
known that males tend to have a need to protect their reputation more so than women do. In a
study conducted at the University of Innsbruck, researchers concluded that learning that an
individual is worse off than others when it comes to socioeconomic status leads to the perception
of being at a disadvantage. This can ultimately result in negative emotional reaction towards the
individuals who have a high socioeconomic status (Greitemeyer & Sagioglou, 2016).
Aggression plays a significant role among individuals in society today. Aggression can
be expressed by several different forms such as violence, anger, or hostility. It is important for
people to understand the effect that aggression has on an individual in order to take measures in
hopes of preventing aggressive outbursts.
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References
Chadee, D. (2022). Theories in social psychology. Wiley Blackwell.
Greitemeyer, T., & Sagioglou, C. (2016). Subjective socioeconomic status causes aggression: A
test of the theory of social deprivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
111(2), 178–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000058
Kassin, S., Fein, S., & Markus, H. R. (2021). Social psychology. Cengage.
Lereya, S. T., Samara, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a
victim and a bully/victim: A Meta-analysis study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(12),
1091–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001
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