WEEK 2-RESULTS SECTION APA PAIRED
Welcome to the presentation on writing Results sections for the paired-samples t test in APA style, for
Psychology 355 at Liberty University. If you have not already viewed the SPSS tutorial for the
independent-samples t test, you will want to watch that one before viewing this presentation. You’ll also
want to note that this test is often referred to by different names, including the pairedsamples, related-
samples, or dependentsamples t test. These are all basically interchangeable.
Here is a quick review of the different concepts that you’ll need to understand before you write the
Results section. These are gone over in more detail in the APA writing presentation in module 1, so you
can look at that video again if you need to review these in more detail. Basically, first we need to have
stated our null and research hypotheses based on the research scenario. Second, keep in mind which
type of p value is significant, which is a p value of less than .05. Finally, know the directionality of your
test, whether it’s one- or two-tailed.
WEEK 2-RESULTS SECTION APA PAIRED
Here again we have the basic elements of any good APA-style results section. These are the same as last
week, and they include (READ SLIDE)…
Here again is the same color coding scheme that I use in the template and the example. It is the same as
last week.
You’ll remember looking at this SPSS output in the SPSS tutorial presentation. We will use the
information in this output to write our Results section. Each important element is indicated on the slide,
and I’ll go over each of them. First, in the top table we see…. In the second table we find the results of
WEEK 2-RESULTS SECTION APA PAIRED
our t test. The results of the test are in the columns marked by the 3 red arrows. These include the t
statistic….etc.
Here is the APA-style results section based on the output we just went over. (READ slide)
You will need to insert your graphs as figures in APA style. These are the rules that apply to creating
figures, and the example on the right shows you how the figure will look. The writing underneath the
figure is called the figure caption and should be formatted as you see here.
WEEK 2-RESULTS SECTION APA PAIRED
ere is the template for the repeated- measures t test. As we can see…. READ slide.
One last thing I want to cover is that a pairedsamples t test in SPSS will also be used to analyze data from
two samples of matched subjects. These are usually twins, married couples, siblings, or participants who
are matched on some variable like IQ, age, and so on. The t test and results section will look the same,
but you should note that it’s a matched-subjects design instead of repeated-measures in your results.
