MOCK RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS 1
MOCK RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT
Royal P McHenry
Helm School of Law/Government- PLCY-804
Liberty University
October 5, 2025
Key words: homelessness, mental health, housing, treatment, policy
https://apps.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery
Research Question
To what extent do mental health and housing policies affect the prevalence of anxiety
and depression among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness? Dependent Variable
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Prevalence of Anxiety and depression
Independent Variables:
Housing and Mental Health Policy Research
Design
Quantitative Explanatory
Data Collection
Meta-analysis of Reports
Conceptualization and Measurable
Policy initiatives have fallen short of addressing the unmet needs of the prevalence
of anxiety and depression among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness.
Hypothesis
If policies were enacted by Congress directing the Department of Housing and Urban
Development to collaborate with medical experts when designing mental health facilities for the
unmet needs of the homeless population, the prevention of chronic homelessness would be
more successful.
Operational
The authority of federal legislation or executive directives requires HUD to collaborate
with medical experts in designing federally funded facilities to assist in the unmet needs of
homelessness.
Findings
“The reduction in funding for transitional housing and mental health services has
exacerbated the challenges faced by marginalized populations. A shift toward more holistic and
integrated approaches will balance housing solutions with robust mental health care and social
support systems” (Farkas, Romaniuk, & Baranowski, 2025). At this very point-in-time, the USA
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government shutdown is based on “The Democratic lawmakers advocating for a reversal on
recent cuts made to the Medicaid health care program through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act
and for subsidies provided by the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare” (Rowe, 2025).
The justification of my research design
Therefore, explanatory designs are used to study and identify intangible factors such as
opinions, prejudices, values, and cultural influences (Kegler, Raskind, Comeau, Griffith, Cooper,
& Shelton, 2019). Furthermore, explanatory designs are used in chronic homelessness research
to allow the causal relationships between governmental policies, the services, the prevalence of
homeless housing facilities, and mental health-specific unmet needs. The research design
explains who the government has civil responsibilities for.
Research Objectives
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate and evaluate a retrospective study and of
the association between the prevalence of homelessness and mental health demands for
specific governmental policies. The results of this paper will detail the home population and
their many unmet need due to the lack of collaboration between the Urban and Housing
Department and the medical profession, indicating that mental illness leads to homelessness
and severe mental illness comorbidities.
Brief Literature Review
According to Fabian et, al (2020), the fact that the world has over 1.8 billion humans are
homeless due to the need for jobs, mental illness, high cost of living, physical disabilities, and
several unknown factors discovered by medical records, collection of data, censorship, obtained
by surveys and reports from the national coalition on prevalence of chronic homeless and the
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lack of governmental policies to insist a neutral collaboration between the Urban and Housing
and medical profession including psychology, psychiatrist and medical physicians that defines
PTSD, anxiety and depressions. After several researchers quantified a multitude of scientific key
findings and extensive studies declaring the prevalence of chronically homeless people who
maintain specific medical needs in the United States, even after being placed in housing
facilities, shelters, and newly built living sites, they maintain unmet needs of their mental and
physical disabilities. “Despite hundreds of federal, state, and local plans to end homelessness,
most have resulted unsuccessfully due to a range of issues, and notably insufficient resources”
(Colburn, Shinn, Batko, Galvez & Kushel, 2025, p 1). “A total of 771,480 people, or about 23 of
every 10,000 people in the United States, experienced homelessness in an emergency shelter,
safe-haven, transitional housing program, or in unsheltered locations across the country. on a
single night in 2024” (De Sousa & Henry, 2024). The study of Colburn (et al, 2025) and de Sousa
and Henry (2024) has confirmed that over 771,480 homeless people remain untreated for
various disabilities. The study also contains the results of qualitative research based on a
wellgrounded theory, to which additional hypotheses were formed during this research, which
allowed for in-depth analysis of the conducted conversations, observations, and the causal
relation of government policies and prevalence of chronic homelessness among participants.
The results of the study showed that homeless people indicated dependence on the previous
system as the main cause of homelessness. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety
Disorder, Phobias Panic Disorder, OCD, PTSD Classification, and Separation Anxiety Disorder. Co-
existing with anxiety disorders during political and economic changes, temporary shelter, losing
their jobs, being hungry, and the need for appropriate medication are factors that the urban
housing department could provide shelter with the collaboration of the medical (psychology,
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psychiatrist, and/or medical doctor. “This is not the only cause, but the most accentuated. They
also show great adaptability in relation to environmental, housing, and nutritional conditions,
showing resistance to both infectious and systemic diseases” (Sarnowska & Gach, 2018, p. 1).
Several factors illuminate and contribute to the worsening of a national housing crisis, involving
the government's policies for health-care administrations, such as the lack of political effort to
be reasonable in the negotiation of the government shutdown based on policies that do not
meet the needs for the preservation of people with mental and physical disabilities. According
to Bock and Rubenstein (2023); & the AHAR report of (2022) “Homeless Education of more than
1 million youth were identified as homeless during the 2020-2021 school year, children who
make up 17% of the homeless population in the United States are more likely to experience
serious health conditions, abuse, and violence” (Bock, Brochu, & Rubenstein, 2023), that leads
to anxiety and depression. “Between 31% and 46% of young people who exit foster care
experience homelessness, and older Americans who face rising housing costs with fixed
incomes and health needs are one of the fastest-growing groups of people experiencing
homelessness” (Rubin, 2023, p 2). According to Barry, Anderson, Tran, Bahji, Dimitropoulos,
Ghosh, & Seitz, (2024),
“The findings demonstrate that most people experiencing homelessness have
mental health disorders, with higher prevalences than those observed in general
community samples. Specific interventions are needed to support the mental
health needs of this population, including close coordination of mental health,
social, and housing services and policies to support people experiencing
homelessness with mental disorders. Prevalence of mental health disorders among
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individuals experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Barry et al, 2024, p 1).
“The President's FY2026 request proposes $43.5 billion in gross discretionary
appropriations for HUD, which is about $45.6 billion (51%) less than the $89 billion in
discretionary appropriations provided in FY2025. Enacted funding, or budget available for HUD
programs and activities…”
(H. U. D. 2005).
“HUD has technical standards for conducting the PIT counts, and CoCs use a variety of
approved methods to produce the counts” (Almquist, Kahveci, Hazel, Kajfasz, Rothfolk,
Guilmette, & Hagopian, 2025). Gallup Inc. (2007) discovered “that just under a third of
Americans reported concerns of becoming homeless, while just under half had taken in a family
member or friend when they had nowhere else to go” (Gallup Inc., 2007, p 2). Another
observational study by Batterman (2020) confirms that the homeless population is more likely
than not to be from their communities (Batterham, 2020).
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“A total of 7729 citations were retrieved, with 291 undergoing full-text review and 85 included
in the final review (N = 48 414 participants, 11 154 [23%] female and 37 260 [77%] male). The
current prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness was
67% (95% CI, 55-77), and the lifetime prevalence was 77% (95% CI, 61-88). Male individuals
exhibited a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders (86%; 95% CI,
7492) compared to female individuals (69%; 95% CI, 48-84). The prevalence of several specific
disorders were estimated, including any substance use disorder (44%), antisocial personality
disorder (26%), major depression (19%), schizophrenia (7%), and bipolar disorder (8%)” ( Barry
et al 2024 p2).
Further data for 2025-2026 shows:
Program Eliminations
The bulk of the funding reduction proposed in the FY2026 budget request comes from program
eliminations. The budget proposes to eliminate funding for a number of HUD programs, which,
combined, received over $68.7 billion in FY2025 (see "Rental Assistance" for information on the
proposed new State Rental Assistance Program, which is intended to replace existing rental
assistance programs). The HUD programs slated for elimination include the following:
Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers), funded at $36
billion in FY2025, provides rent subsidies to private landlords on behalf of low-income
households.
Project-Based Rental Assistance (Project-Based Section 8), funded at $16.9 billion in
FY2025, funds long-term rental assistance contracts with owners of project-based
Section 8 properties.
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Public Housing Fund, funded at $8.8 billion in FY2025, provides grants to public housing
agencies to fund public housing costs.
Community Development Fund (including the Community Development Block Grant
[CDBG] program), funded at $3.4 billion in FY2025, provides formula grants to states and
localities for a variety of community and economic development activities.
HOME Investment Partnerships Program, funded at $1.3 billion in FY2025, provides
formula grants to states and eligible localities for various affordable housing activities
targeted to low-income households.
Housing for the Elderly, funded at $931 million in FY2025, provides grants and
projectbased rental assistance to support the development and ongoing operation of
low-income housing for elderly households.
Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA), funded at $505 million in
FY2025, provides formula and competitive grants to states and localities to fund the
development of housing for low-income persons living with HIV/AIDS and their families.
Housing for Persons with Disabilities, funded at $257 million in FY2025, provides
competitive grants and project-based rental assistance to support the development and
ongoing operation of low-income housing for persons with disabilities and their families.
Self-Sufficiency Programs, funded at $196 million in FY2025, provide supportive services
to HUD-assisted households to improve economic and housing stability.
Choice Neighborhoods Grants, funded at $75 million in FY2025, provide competitive
grants to revitalize distressed public housing or other HUD-assisted housing.
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Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grants, funded at $22 million in FY2025, provide grants
to Hawaii's Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) for housing and related
infrastructure for low-income Native Hawaiians on the Hawaiian home lands” (HUD,
2025 ; Tsai & Alarcón, 2022).
This paper provides policies and programs where funds are allocated for housing per urban
and housing departments, while it neglects to implement housing facilities for the prevalent
chronic homeless population in collaboration with the medical departments' professions
(Psychiatrist, Psychologist, and/or medical doctor for both physical and mental disabilities),
which is a big issue that warrants both profession to collaborate to minimize the homeless crisis.
“The rising numbers of people immigrating to the U.S., and the end to homelessness
prevention programs put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the end of the
expanded child tax credit, have exacerbated this already stressed system” (de Sousa et al, 2024,
p 1), as well as nation-state wars. Definitions of homelessness used by UN-Habitat, the
Secretary-General of the
United Nations, the Institute of Global Homelessness, or the European Federation of
Organizations Working on Homelessness (FEANTSA) have in common to include various forms of
homelessness: the second set of variables include persons living in the streets, in open spaces
or cars; persons living in temporary emergency accommodation, in women’s shelters, in camps
or other temporary accommodation provided to internally displaced persons, refugees or
migrants; and persons living in severely inadequate and insecure housing, such as residents of
informal settlements (UN-OHCHR 2024 p 1;Santos, Baptista, & Constantino, 2025).
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The UN-OHCHR investigates and sets remedies for human rights abuses worldwide,
including supporting governments in their reform policies, documenting and reporting human
rights violations, and pursuing its own reforms to enhance its presence through national
resolutions. According to Coppedge, Gerring, Glynn, Knutsen, Lindberg, Pemstein, &
Marquardt, (2020) “A major strength of Varieties of Democracy is its empirical illustration of the
conceptual and methodological concepts and the well-balanced analysis of the strengths of the
VDem project” (Coppedge, et al, 2020). The UN views the hegemonic countries' role in the
homeless crisis as an absolute violation of the principles for which they stand. “Hegemony (/hɛ
ˈdʒɛməni/ , UK also /hɪˈɡɛməni/, US also /ˈhɛdʒəmoʊni/) is the political, economic, and ⓘ
military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global” (Schenoni,
2019, p 1).
The UN-OHCHR, in accordance with Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights, states: “everyone has the right to housing, homelessness that continues to be a global
concern, reported by the Special Rapporteur to the United Nations.
Homelessness represents an assault on human dignity enshrined in the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights” (United Nations, 1966). In the United States, over 771,480 people,
by virtue of the definition of homeless, are without adequate support to resolve their unmet
needs.
The codification of Article 25 of the United Nations is identified in the United States
Constitution as The Preamble, written by Gouverneur Morris, and adopted by 1787 as stated:
“We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish
Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general
Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and
MOCK RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS 11
establish this Constitution for the United States of America” (U.S. Const. art. I, § 1). This article
has been constantly enforced by the U. S. constitutional amendments due process and equal
protection provisions and the federal administrative guidelines pursuant to the National Human
Right to Housing Foscarinis (2004). Foscarinis, (2004) emphasizes the argument that the right to
freedom of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness embraces the right to housing in light of
promoting the general welfare (Foscarinis, 2004). For example:
“If persons are deprived of habitable housing because local building codes are not
actively enforced, the general welfare of the community is adversely affected by a
general decline in housing quality. While the phrases due process of law and equal
protection of the laws are not used in the New Jersey Constitution, the concepts are
considered to be part of Article 1.112 of the Constitution” (Matthews 1980, p 2; The
1949 Housing Act).
According to Ratcliffe, Gerecke, Batko, Rumbach, Theodos, Levy, Berger, (2025). The
Trump Administration for the Urban and Housing program has been allocated 27 billion dollars
and now 48 billion dollars, according to the FYI report of 2025-2026. These funds would cover
experimental research for housing developments to include (1) building affordable housing, (2)
funding for Housing and Urban Development (HUD), (3) the Consolidated Appropriations Act of
2021, and (4) total funding based on legislative changes and priorities (Ratcliffe 2025).
Contribution to research for the collaboration Policy
Eric Scott Turner, selected to the Department of Housing and Urban Development
Administration, has conducted an actual mixed-method research study beginning with
qualitative interviews with residents to gather personal experiences and insights. Turner has
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performed case studies on specific neighborhood challenges and solutions, a quantitative
survey to collect demographic and housing data, analyzed spatial data using Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) to visualize urban patterns, and reviewed existing literature and
policy documents. “HUD is responsible for addressing the nation’s housing needs. It is charged
with fair housing laws and oversees housing for the poorest Americans, sheltering more than
4.3 million low-income families through public housing, rental subsidy, and voucher programs”
(Licon 2024, p 2).
“Followed by family breakdown, unemployment or economic problems, and a shortage
of affordable housing. Increasingly, family violence is also seen as an important factor”
(Batterham, 2020, p 4). It is common for people in the US to think people experiencing
homelessness are less educated, lack financial support, and/or have some mental or physical
disability (ies). “The survey results indicate that many Americans accurately perceive the
characteristics of homeless people, consider homelessness a serious problem with structural
roots, and support a variety of measures intended to solve it” (Lee, et al, 2021, p 1). As a
According to traditional theory, people in the U.S. who are perceived as people experiencing
homelessness are addicted to alcohol or drugs, lack a graduate certification, are single-parents,
and do not receive public assistance (Hobden et al, 2007). Therefore, the possibility of
government failure invokes a strong rationale for disciplinary policy analysis. This field is
necessary for potential uncertainties that are both effective and reliable to prevent
inadvertently worse results than the initial problem. “Government failure occurs where
coordination and control mechanisms end up favoring narrow privileged groups rather than the
users of public services and taxpayers. The focus is the supply-side of failures rather than the
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demand-side failures, such as those associated with voting systems used to decide on what
should be produced” (Hood 1996, p 215-219).
The findings in this research project, applying Barry (et al, 2024) “A systematic review
and meta-analysis, indicate that 67% of people experiencing homelessness had a current mental
health disorder, while the lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people
experiencing homelessness was 75% (Barry et al, 2024, p 1; & Tsai., & Alarcón, 2022).).
Conclusion
At this very point in time, the United States Government is shut down due to the
confrontation over preventive health care plans to sustain the nation. The very act of conduct is
no less visible than that of understanding which country determines its population limit.
Consider the following points:
“China: Historically implemented the one-child policy to control population growth.
India: Has various family planning programs to manage population increase.
Singapore: Uses policies to encourage smaller families and manage immigration.
Japan: Faces population decline and promotes policies to increase birth rates.
Italy: Implements measures to address low birth rates and an aging population.
Russia: Offers incentives for families to have more children to counteract population
decline” (Cordoba and Liu, 2023).
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Comparison of the causal nexus of mental health and housing policies affects the
prevalence of anxiety and depression among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness
wherein initiatives and policies remain in awe of a real solution to end homelessness in
America, Congress would be prone to adopt a proposal that would suggest that just housing
alone is not enough to provide real treatment and cures for money be spent for housing unless
there is a collaboration of both departments to include a medical terminal within the facilities,
whether housing or community sheltering. This is where the individual may have a section if the
facility or housing is with others of similar medical or counseling needs. This type of structure
provides an educational understanding to the individual who can understand their triggering
points.
“Advancing significant Scientific Knowledge of the causes of homelessness can help
reduce the homeless population. “A determined amount of 67% of these people have serious
mental complications, and 250,000 were suffering from mental disorders from various defects”
(Barry, Anderson, Tran, Bahji, Dimitropoulos, Ghosh, & Seitz, 2024 & AHAR 2018 p2). Specific
housing should be reserved for specific types of homeless individuals who can identify the
causes of their mental illness or physical disability (Stanley, 2024). Housing regulation for
participants requires different types of health care providers/workers. Psychiatrists, Medical
Doctors, and Psychologists are in demand who can provide a better understanding of how
people can be treated and/or overcome homelessness. Further research would contribute to
human recovery from homelessness (Hudanick, Straatmann, Miller, Harper, & White, 2020).
The collaboration between the healthcare workers and the administration of the Urban
and Housing department has the obligation to perform housing placement for various types of
mental health disorders (Beuke, Fischer, & McDowall, 2003). According to the Annual Homeless
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Assessment Report by de Sousa and Henry (2024), “The number of people experiencing
homelessness on a single night in 2024 was the highest ever recorded. A total of
771,480 people or about 23 of every 10,000 people in the United States experienced
homelessness in an emergency shelter, safe haven, transitional housing program, or in
unsheltered locations across the country” (DeSousa and Henry 2024, p. 6, 81).
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are
instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, -
That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its
foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall
seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness “ (Preamble 1776).
"Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. Blessed are you who hunger
now, for you will be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you will laugh" (Luke 6: 2022).
“Is it not to share your food with the hungry and to provide the poor wanderer with shelter
when you see the naked, to clothe them, and not to turn away from your own flesh and blood”
(Isaiah 58:7). “The Lord is my shepard, I shall not want” (Ps. 23). I pray all is well.
Reference
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measure their separate effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 23(6), 831-848.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00074-6
Cordoba and Liu, X., (2023, October 20), Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
MOCK RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS 16
https://www.econ.iastate.edu/ask-an-economist/should governments-control-
populationsizes
Barry, R., Anderson, J., Tran, L., Bahji, A., Dimitropoulos, G., Ghosh, S. M., ... & Seitz, D. (2024).
Prevalence of mental health disorders among individuals experiencing homelessness: a
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King James Version 1760/2023/Luke 6:20-22
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US Constitution 14th Amendment.
