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LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
HELM SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT
Annotated Bibliography
Submitted to Dr. Erik Root
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
PLCY 700 – B03
Foundation of Public Policy
by
Jervaughn Reid
September 12, 2021
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Annotated Bibliography
Churchill, David, Janiewski, Dolores and Leloup, Pieter. “Private Security and the Modern State:
Historical and Comparative Perspectives.” Routledge, (2020): 54-78.
In grief, Marjory Stone man Douglas High School students became a political force. A
week after 19-year-old Nicholas Cruz killed 17 people with an R15 at school; about 100
students are known to have met with a Florida state senator to advocate gun control. They
also met with President Trump at the White House. As they planned marches for our lives,
they held a demonstration in Washington DC. However, gun laws and regulations are still a
nuisance in the United States because the U.S. Constitution regulates gun ownership in a
court case that formed Article 2 of the Constitution. This timeline describes the major
events that have influenced U.S. federal firearms policy.
Faisal, Jehan, Pandit, O’Keeffe, Azim, Jain, Tai, Tang et al. "The burden of firearm violence in the
United States: stricter laws result in safer states." Journal of injury and violence
research 10, no. 1 (2018): 11.
As a result of high firearm violence, a strong urge for the regulation of firearms has
developed. The main focus of this study was to establish firearm legislation and the cases of
firearm injuries in all U.S. states. One strength of this study is that it used a quantitative
research method and hence straightforward generalization of study results.
Goodyear, Alexandria, Rodriguez, Michael and Glik, Deborah. "The role of firearms in intimate
partner violence: policy and research considerations." Journal of public health policy 41,
no. 2 (2020): 185-195.
A key element of this bill is the ban on mail-order rifles and shotguns. Before this law, mail-
order consumers had only signed an affidavit that required one to be 21 years old before
being authorized to purchase a gun (18 years old for rifles or shotguns). This bill will also
explain groups of people banned from possessing certain weapons, such as drug addicts,
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and further limit the sale of shotguns and rifles. Congress targets this law to those who sell
and transport firearms weekly or through foreign trade channels. Everyone selling guns
needs a federal firearm permit ($ 1 per year) from the Secretary of Commerce. They also
need to register the names and addresses of all those who sell weapons and are prohibited
from being convicted of certain crimes or selling them without permission.
Iwama, Janice and McDevitt. “Urban Gun Violence”. In Handbook of Global Urban Health,
(2019): (pp. 463-483).
In an article there, Iwama and McDavitt discussed PSN task forces, including state and
local law enforcement agencies, domestic violence groups, and representatives of schools,
civic groups, and businesses, to develop comprehensive strategies to address the problem.
Part of this strategy includes support for the Director and the Bangor Violent Crimes Task
Force and an active law enforcement policy against gun violence. The federal government
generally lacks jurisdiction to prosecute many violent crimes. Thus, traditionally,
responsibility rested with state and local law enforcement officers and prosecutors.
However, Congress is increasingly expanding federal jurisdiction and allowing federal
prosecutors to engage deeply through law enforcement activities that fight violence.
Lacombe, Matthew J. “Firepower” 5 Gun Policy during the NRA’s Quasi-Governmental Phase.",
(2021): pp. 129-148.
The first part of the National Total Regulatory Act was passed on June 26, 1934. It is part of
the Federal Firearms Act (NFA) President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s “New Criminal
Deals aimed at reducing gang crime at the time.” “The NFA’s taxation on the manufacture,
sale and transportation of guns enshrined in the law includes shotguns and short-barrelled
rifles, machine guns, silencers, and gun silencers. Due to the failure of the Constitution, the
NFA was amended several times. A high tax of $200 was set at the time to reduce the
transfer.
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Liptak, Adam. "Justices Extend Firearm Rights in 5-to-4 Ruling." The New York Times, (2010): pp.
20-100.
Liptak talked about the right of individuals to carry weapons with the Article 2 Guarantee of
the Amended Constitution applicable to state and local gun control laws. Two years after
the court's first ruling to protect the weapons of Article 2 of the Constitutional Amendment,
the personal gun ownership Heller (five to four) in the District of Columbia made another
decision. However, the Heller case is related to federal law. Whether the rights of Article 2
of the Amendment can protect gun owners from excessive state and local government
intervention remains unresolved. Judge Samuel A Arito Jr., who holds a majority, said that
the right to self-defense, protected by the Second Amendment, is the foundation of
America's concept of ordered freedom.
Siegel, Michael, Pahn, Molly, Ziming, Xuan, Ross, Craig, Galea, Sandro, Kalesan, Bindu, Fleegler,
Eric and Goss, Kristin A. "Firearm-related laws in all 50 US states, 1991–2016." American
Journal of Public Health, (2017): (pp49-107).
Alaska: The security of a free country requires a well-managed militia, and the people’s
right to possess and carry weapons will not be violated. The state or the political branch of
the state must not deny or infringe an individual’s right to own and carry weapons. Art. I, §
19 (the first sentence was promulgated in 1959, and the second was added in 1994).
[Protected individual rights; Regulations promulgated in 1994. At that time, it was generally
believed that the right of individuals to hold guns was to protect self-defense. ] The people
have the right to own guns, which is a right that cannot be restricted; but this provision will
not prevent the approval of the law on carrying weapons hidden in the human body, nor will
it prevent the law that stipulates minimum penalties for crimes committed while possessing
firearms. No law may impose special permits, registrations, or taxes on the ownership or
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possession of guns or ammunition. No law allows guns to be confiscated, except for those
used to commit serious crimes.
The Justice Safety Valve Act”. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 28(2), University of California Press,
(2015): 127.
In this article, Bill talked about the summary of federal technology. Historically, the main
contribution to the rate of violent crime is far lower than the national average. However,
every effort should be made to reduce violence further and ensure distance and safety at
home. The primary and social causes of violence are usually diverse, so the solution
requires the joint efforts of the country and the region. To this end, the Chief Legal
Department and the Office of the Public Prosecutor of the United States have established
the Safe Community Project (PSN Maine) to reduce significant gun violence.
Volokh, Eugene, "State Constitutional Rights to Keep and Bear Arms." Tex. Rev, (2016):191.
Voltage in this article describes the right to own a weapon and the right to own a weapon.
Behind each clause, I indicate whether it protects the rights of individuals for self-defense,
at least in part. The abbreviation "explicitly protected self-defense" specifically refers to "to
protect yourself" or similar provisions. I generally quote only one case for brevity unless
there is uncertainty in the case. Alabama: All citizens have the right to raise their weapons
to protect themselves and the country. Art. I, §26 (established in 1819, Art. I, §23, use of
"defense" instead of "defence", spelling changed in 1901). [Explicitly protected self-defense
right].
Zeoli, April and Paruk, Jennifer. "Potential to prevent mass shootings through domestic violence
firearm restrictions." Criminology & Public Policy 19, no. 1 (2020): 129-145.
The author stated that, like other provisions of the Bill of Rights to establish such basic
protections, they need to limit state and local governments' powers and federal powers. The
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ruling is a significant symbolic victory for gun rights advocates, but its real short-term
effects are unknown. As in Heller's case, the judge postponed it by one day, but which gun
control laws could be reconciled with the Second Amendment protections? It is said that
most people have a gun in their house to protect their rights. Justice Alito said public
security costs were involved in many constitutional rights, including the right to restrict the
use of reliable evidence obtained through police misconduct. Zoe also acknowledged that
numerous decisions limited the state's ability to resolve regional issues to customized gun
control. "But this is always the case when the Bill of Rights clauses are integrated," he said.
Bible Integration
In the book of Mathew: 26: 51-52, “And, behold, one of them which were with Jesus stretched out
his hand, and drew his sword, and struck a servant of the high priest’s, and smote off his ear. Then
said Jesus unto him, put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall
perish with the sword”1. In this bible verse, there is an order of events; the chief priest sent soldiers
to arrest Jesus. Judas Iscariot identified Jesus with a kiss. Even though Jesus did not resist his
arrest, one of his disciples confronted soldiers and cut off one soldier’s right ear. These events are
outlined just like a bibliography since they have a deeper meaning and extensive application.
Despite Peter having confirmed that he will always stick on the side of Jesus, he later denied him
three times.
1. Mat 26:51-52, (King James Bible, 2018).
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