Physics test questions

1. Multiple choice questions (40 points in total.) 1-7 single selection; 8-10

multiple choices, 4 points for each question, 4 points for all pairs, and 2 points

for half pairs. ）

1. The following statements are true ( )

A. Oster discovered that electric current can deflect a magnetic needle and

proposed that magnetism can produce electricityB. Ampere placed a magnet

near a conductor coil, and an electric current was generated in the

coilC. Faraday wound two coils around the same iron ring, one coil

was connected to the power supply, and the other coil was

connected to the "ammeter", and at the moment when the coil

connected to the power supply was energized and de-energized, it

could be observed that there was a current in the other coilD. Faraday

discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, and Coulomb

discovered the magnetic effect of electric current

2. As shown in the figure, there is a copper coil falling from

place to place. During the fall, looking from top to bottom, the

direction of the induced current in the coil is ( ) A. Always

clockwise B. First clockwise then counterclockwise C. Always

counterclockwise D. First counterclockwise then clockwise

3. As shown in the figure, the dashed lines a, b, and c represent the three

electric field lines in the electric field, and the solid line is the trajectory of the

negatively charged particles in the belt when they pass through the region only

under the action of the electric field force, and P, R, and Q are the three points

on this trajectory, from which we can know ( ).

A. The velocity of the charged particle at point R is greater than the velocity at

point Q

B. The electric potential energy of the charged particle at point P is greater

than that at point Q

C. The sum of kinetic energy and electric potential energy of a charged

particle at point R is smaller than at point Q and greater than at point P

D. The acceleration of charged particles at point R is less than the acceleration

at point Q

4. As shown in the figure, E is the power supply, its internal resistance is r, L is

the small bulb (its filament resistance can be regarded as constant), it is a

fixed resistance, it is a photoresistor, and its resistance decreases with

the increase of light intensity

A. The power consumed gradually increases B. The current passing

through becomes larger C. The output power of the power supply becomes

larger D. The power consumed by the small bulb becomes larger

5. As shown in the figure, the two pole plates of the parallel plate capacitor are

placed vertically and connected with the positive and negative poles of the

power supply respectivelyThe charged ball is suspended between the two plates

by an insulated light rope and is in a stationary state. Now keep the right plate

still and slowly move the left plate to the left. Regarding the magnitude of the

electric field force F and the tensile force T of the rope, the following judgment

is correct ( ).

A. F decreases gradually, and T decreases gradually B. F gradually

increases，T gradually decreases

C. F decreases gradually, and T gradually increases D.

F gradually increases, and T gradually increases

6. A and b are two point charges on the x-axis, the amount of charge is q1 and

q2 respectively, and the corresponding electric potential between

each point along the x-axis a and b is shown in the curve, the

distance between a and p is greater than the distance between p

and b. From the figure, it can be judged that the following

statement is correct ( ).

A.A and b are both negatively charged and q1-fixed greater than q2 B.The

electric field strength of the lowest potential point p must not be zeroC.Move a

negative test charge from c to p, and the electric potential energy of the

charge increases

, and the direction of the electric field between D.a and p is

directed to point a

7. Two ions a and b of the same kind with the same initial

velocity enter the uniform magnetic field from the O point along

the direction of the perpendicular magnetic field, and finally hit the screen P.

Regardless of gravity, the following statements are correct ( )

A. 均带负电

B.a's landing point on P is closer to point O than b's

, and C.a's distance in the magnetic field is shorter than

b's

D.A travels in a magnetic field for a shorter time than B's

8 . A s s h o w n i n t h e fi g u r e , t h e r e i s a n e l l i p s e i n t h e p l a n e ,

t h e m a j o r a x i s o f t h e e l l i p s e is on the x-axis, and the two

points are the two focal points of the ellipse, which are the minor axes of the

ellipse. I f t h e e l e c t r i c fi e l d l i n e ( n o t d r a w n ) o f a u n i f o r m e l e c t r i c

fi e l d i s p a r a l l e l t o t h e plane, and the electric field strength is E, then

the following statement is correct ( ).

A. On an ellipse, the potential difference between two points must be the

largest

B. On an ellipse, the potential difference between two points is likely to be

the largest

C. If a point charge moves from point G to any point on the ellipse and then to

point F, the work done by the electric field force may be zero

D.—The work done by the electric field force must be the same as that of the

point O point of charge to point A and the movement from point B to point C

9. As shown in the figure, the mass of the positively charged metal slider is m,

the amount of charge is q, and the dynamic friction factor between the

insulating horizontal plane is ( ). There is a horizontal and right-hand

electric field above the horizontal plane, and the electric field strength is

. If the slider is given an initial velocity of the size v to the left at point A, and

the velocity of the slider is exactly zero when it moves to point B, assuming that

the maximum static friction is equal to the sliding friction, then the following

statement is correct ( ).

A. The slider will remain stationary after it moves to point B

B. After the slider moves to point B, it will return to point A, and the time

taken to go back and forth is not the same

C. After the slider moves to the point, it will return to point A, and the speed

will still be v when it reaches point A

D. The velocity of the slider when it returns to point A is

10. As shown in the figure, it is a rectangle with a long side of L, and a

uniform magnetic field in the vertical paper face is contained in it, and a particle

with a mass m and a charge of q is injected into the magnetic field

perpendicular at velocity from point O, and the angle of velocity is

that the particle just emits the magnetic field from point A, regardless of the

gravitational force of the particle, then ( ).

A. The particle must be positively charged B. The magnetic induction intensity

of a uniform magnetic field is

C. The time it takes for a particle to travel from O to A

D. The minimum value of the side length of the rectangular magnetic field

2. Experimental questions (4 points for 11 questions, 12

points for 12 questions, a total of 16 points)

11. (1) The diameter of a ball measured with a vernier caliper of 20 indexes is

shown in the figure below, and the diameter of the ball is d=_______mm

(2) Measure the diameter of the metal wire with a spiral micrometer, and its

indication is shown in the figure below, the diameter of the metal wire is

_______mm

12. Students in an experimental group are going to explore the volt-ampere

characteristic curve of a small light bulb, and the equipment used is as follows:

A. One small bulb to be tested (rated voltage 2.5V, rated power 1.5W) B.

Voltmeter (range 0~300mV, internal resistance about 300Ω).

C. Voltmeter (range 0~15V, internal resistance about 6kΩ) D. Ammeter

(range 0~0.6A, internal resistance about 0.1Ω).

E. Ammeter (range 0~300mA, internal resistance about 1Ω) F. Sliding

rheostat (maximum resistance 200Ω).

G. Slide rheostat (max. 10Ω) H. Constant resistance (2700Ω).

I. An electric force of 4.5V DC power supply, a switch, and a number of wires

(1) In the experiment, the voltmeter should be selected __________, the ammeter

should be selected _________, and the sliding rheostat should be selected

_______ (fill in the letter code before the equipment, 2 points for each blank).

(2) Please draw the circuit diagram of the experiment in the dotted box in

Figure A (3 points).

(3) The students in this group made

the volt- ampere characteristic curve of

the small bulb through experiments, as

shown in Figure B, if the small bulb is

directly connected to the power supply of electromotive force and

internal resistance , the power of the small bulb is __________W (the result

retains two significant digits) (3 points).

3. Calculation questions (this question has 4 questions, a total of 44 points).

13. (10 points) As shown in the figure, the electromotive force and resistance of

the power supply , the resistance of the motor

windings, and the switch are always closed. When

the switch is disconnected, the electrical power of the

resistor is 525W; When the switch is closed, the

electrical power of the resistor is 336W, find:

(1) The internal resistance r of the power supply; (4 points)

(2) The efficiency of the motor when the switch is closed (6 points).

14. (11 points) As shown in the figure, in a uniform

electric field with a vertical downward direction, a

negatively charged ball with mass m slides down from point A on an oblique

straight track from a standstill, and the ball does not fall when it passes through

point B at the top of a circular orbit with radius R. If the track is smooth and

insulated, and the gravitational force of the ball is twice the electric field force

on it, try to find:

(1) The height h of point A on the inclined track; (6 points).

(2) When the ball moves to the lowest point C, the amount of support force of

the circular orbit on the ball (5 points)

15. (11 points) as shown in the figure, the angle between two parallel smooth

metal guide rails and the horizontal plane is 30 °, one end of the guide rail is

connected with a power supply, the power electromotive force is , the

internal resistance is , the width of the guide rail is , the conductor

rod spans a resistance between the guide rails, the quality of the rod is

, the rod is tied to one end of the light rope, and the other end is

suspended by a fixed pulley with a mass of The uniform magnetic field is

perpendicular to the plane where the guide rail is located downward, the

resistance of the guide rail is known to be negligible, the light rope on the left

side of the pulley is parallel to the guide rail, and the gravitational acceleration

is achieved.

1. If the rod remains stationary after the conductor rod is released, what is the

magnetic induction intensity B? (five minutes)

2. If the magnetic induction strength is the moment, what is the tension of

the light rope at the moment when the conductor rod is released?

16. (12 points) As shown in the figure, there is a uniform magnetic field in the

right triangle OPN region, and the magnetic induction intensity is B, and the

direction is perpendicular to the paper side. A positively charged particle is

accelerated by a voltage U from rest, and then enters the magnetic field in a

direction parallel to the x-axis. After some time, the particle is emitted at a

point on the edge of the OP perpendicular to the x-axis. It is known that the O

point is the coordinate origin, the N point is on the y-axis, the angle between

the OP and the x-axis is 30°, and the distance between the incident point of the

particle entering the magnetic field and the exit point leaving the magnetic field

is d, regardless of gravity. begging

(1) the specific charge of charged particles; (six minutes)

(2) The time from the time the charged particle is injected into the magnetic

field to the time it moves to the x-axis. (six minutes)

1. Spread a Yangtze evening newspaper flat on the table, the pressure on the table is about 0.5Pa, and the physical meaning of its

representation is -----------------------------------------------------

2. In the experiment of exploring "what factors are related to the effect of pressure", a student did an

experiment as shown in the figure. Comparing the two figures of A and B in the experiment, the effect of

pressure can be obtained ---------------Relate; Comparing the effects of pressure in figures B and C can be

obtained ------------------Relate.

3. A solid cube with a density of 0.5×103kg/m3 and a side length of 0.2m is placed on the horizontal ground, the mass of the object is

----------------kg, its pressure on the ground is ----------N, and the pressure on the ground is ----------------- Pa. (take g=10N/kg) 4. Do the following

phenomena increase or decrease the pressure? What methods did each use? (1) The foundation of the house is wider and thicker than the wall,

-------------------------, use ----------------------------------.(2) After taking out some books from the school bag, or make the strap wide, it is comfortable

to carry, ----------------------------------- , the former is the use of ---------------------

8---------------. The latter is the use of -----------------------------------------------

(3) "Sharpening the knife and cutting wood" ---------------------------- use ----------------------------------, so as to save effort and time. 5. When Xiao

Ming participated in military training, the physical examination said that his mass was 50kg, and when he stood upright, his pressure on the

horizontal ground was ------------------N; ----------------The pressure acting on the pushpin cap is 20N, and the pressure is 2×105Pa, then the

pressure of the pushpin tip on the wall is -----------------20N, and the pressure generated by the pushpin tip on the wall -------------------2×105Pa (fill

in "greater than", "less than" or "equal to").

6. When a wooden pencil with one end and one end flat is tightly pressed against both ends of the pencil with two fingers at the same time, the

fingers at the pointed end are more painful, which indicates that the effect of pressure is related to ---------------------. A camel weighing 12000N

with a total area of 0.1m2 on the soles of its four feet is -----------------Pa when it stands on a horizontal sandy ground. 7. An elephant with a

mass of 6×103kg, the area of each paw, is 600cm2, its gravity is ------------------N, and its pressure on the ground when it lands on all fours is ------------------Pa. If

the elephant lifts one leg, as shown in the figure, its pressure on the ground (optionally "bigger", "smaller", "unchanged") ------------------. (g takes

10N/kg).

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8. The maximum pressure that the ice surface can withstand is 2×105Pa. The mass of a tank is 60t, and the total area of the two tracks is 5m2,

and the pressure of the tank on the ice surface is ---------------

10. If the egg hits the stone and the egg breaks, then the pressure of the egg on the stone ------------- the pressure of the stone on the egg, and

the pressure of the stone on the egg ----------------The pressure of the egg on the stone (fill in "greater than", "less than" or "equal to"). 11. In the

experiment of exploring "what factors are related to the effect of pressure", Xiao Ming and Xiao Hua used the provided equipment (small table,

sponge, weights, wooden boards) to design two experiments in Figure (a) and (b), and came to the conclusion that "when the pressure is

constant, the smaller the force area, the more obvious the effect of pressure". After that, Xiaohua moved the small table to a wooden board, and

found that the pressure effect of the small table on the wooden board was not obvious enough, as shown in Figure (c). Through the comparison

of figures (a) and (c), it is concluded that "when the pressure is constant, the smaller the force area, the less obvious the effect of the pressure".

Please analyze according to the pressure knowledge you have learned: (1) Xiao Ming and Xiao Hua are based on

-----------------------------------------------------------8 ----

(3) The pressure of the small and medium-sized tables on the sponge is Pb, and the pressure of the small and medium-sized tables on the

wooden board is Pc in Figure (c), then Pb ------------------ Pc (less than/equal to/greater than).(4) Comparing Figure (b) and Figure (c), it can be

seen that the conditions that need to be met to compare the size of the pressure according to the effect of pressure are: ---------------------------

．---------------------------------------------------

12. In order to explore "what factors are related to the effect of pressure", a student put a number of different objects made of the same material

on the same horizontal spinning surface, carried out three sets of experiments, and recorded the relevant record data as shown in Table 1, Table

2 and Table 3. The second group is second and the third group is the smallest.

Table 1 Table 2 TABLE 3

Experiment Pressure/N Force area/cm2 Experiment Pressure/N Force area/cm2 Experiment Pressure/N Force area/cm2

serial number serial number serial number

1 6.0 10 4 3.0 10 7 3.0 20

2 9.0 15 5 4.5 15 8 4.5 30

3 12 20 6 6.0 20 9 6.0 40

(1) Comparing the experimental numbers 1 and 4 (or 2 and 5, 3 and 6) and the observed phenomena, the preliminary conclusion can be drawn is

------------------------------------------------------------------------

（2） --------------------------------------------------------------------------

The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that when the pressure is the same, the smaller the force area, the more significant the effect of the

pressure action; (3) Please further analyze and compare the data and observed phenomena in Tables 1, 2 and 3, and draw conclusions: (1)

After analysis and comparison, --------------------------------------------

8-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. In an inquiry, Xiao Ming questioned the teacher's conclusion that "when the ball is released from rest on a smooth inclined plane, the higher

the height, the greater the speed at which it reaches the bottom of the inclined plane, and it has nothing to do with the mass of the ball". He

guessed the velocity of the ball when it rolled freely from the same smooth inclined plane to the bottom -- Guess 1: It may have nothing to do with

the height of the ball on the smooth inclined plane Guess 2: It may be related to the mass of the ball He selected some experimental equipment

and carried out the following experiments (A, B, and C in the figure represent the position of the small steel ball at the end of 0.1s, the end of

0.2s, and the end of 0.3s, respectively, and the mass relationship between the steel balls 1, 2, and 3 is m1<m2=m3）

(1) Experiment 1 is to verify the conjecture ----------------Optionally "one" or "two"), through this experiment he came to the conclusion that the

velocity of the ball when it rolls freely from the same smooth inclined plane to the bottom and the mass of the ball

------------------ (optional "related" or "unrelated") (2) In experiment 2, the balls 2 and 3 are released from rest at different heights on the same

smooth inclined plane at the same time, and the velocities when they reach the bottom end are v2 and v3 respectively, please judge the ----------

v2 <>(3) After completing the above exploration, Xiao Ming continued to conduct experiment 3 of "exploring the relationship between the

magnitude of kinetic energy and velocity", according to the results of the experiment: he came to the conclusion that "the greater the velocity, the

greater the kinetic energy", do you think his conclusion is reliable? ---------------- (optionally "reliable" or "unreliable") is

-----------------------------------------

14. In life and production, we often encounter the following examples: when tamping, the tamper is thrown high and falls, and smashes on the

working surface; When the pile driver is piling, the hammer is pulled up and down high and hits the pile face....

(1) Please give another example of -------------------------------------------------------------- kind:

．-------------------------------------------------

(2) Xiaojun saw the pile driver, thought about the question of "what factors are related to the magnitude of the hammer's striking force on the

ground", and put forward conjecture 1: the magnitude of the striking force is related to the mass of the hammer. Please put forward another

conjecture two: the magnitude of the striking force is related to the ------------------------------. (3) Xiaojun wants to use volleyball, white paper,

Taiwan scale, and carbon paper to simulate "piling" to verify. The experimental scheme is as follows:

put a blank sheet of paper on a smooth and flat floor and stack a copy of carbon paper on top of the white paper. The volleyball is dropped

stationary from a certain height directly above the paper, and the volleyball is hit on the carbon paper, leaving a copy of the blow on the white

paper. How to use the scale to accurately measure the size of the striking force F of the volleyball? Xiaojun is a little embarrassed, please help

him design a plan to measure F: ----------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------

15. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games is a sporting event in the world, and among the four charts shown, the athlete has the greatest pressure on

the ground (all athletes have equal mass) ( )

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16. Regarding pressure, the following statements are true: ( ) A. Pressure is always equal to gravity

B. The magnitude of the pressure is always related to gravity C. The direction of the pressure is always perpendicular downward

D. Pressure is the force that presses perpendicularly on the surface of an object 17. When a middle school student stands with his feet, his

pressure value on a horizontal ground is closest to ( ) A.102Pa B.103Pa C.104Pa D.105Pa

18. The magnitude of the pressure is equal to the magnitude of the gravitational force in the following cases ( )

A. The horse stands on the level ground, the pressure of the horse on the ground B. The pressure of the rice bag on the ground with the hand on

the level ground, but not lifted, C. Hold the teacup with your thumb and four fingers, and the pressure of the hand on the teacup

D. A car parked on a slope, the pressure of the car on the slope

19. In the diagram, the correct representation of pressure is ( )

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20. As shown in the picture, pinch the pencil firmly with both hands to keep it still, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the left finger is strong B. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the

pressure on the right finger is strong C. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the left finger is strong D. The pressure on

both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the right finger is strong

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21. The statistical results show that there is a certain relationship between the height of people of general stature and the size of footprints.

Among the following methods of criminal investigators in estimating the height and weight of the persons involved in the case, which is correct ( )

A. obtain the size of the footprints, you can estimate the weight of the person involved B. obtain the depth of the footprints on the soft ground, you

can estimate the height of the person involved C. obtain the size or depth of the footprints on the soft ground, you can not estimate the height

and weight of the person involved D. obtain the size and depth of the footprints on the soft ground, you can estimate the height and weight of the

person involved 22. There are two of the same bricks, the length is twice the width, as shown in the figure, stacked on the horizontal ground, let

the pressure of the bricks above the bricks below be p1. The pressure of the bricks below on the ground is P2, then the ratio of P1 to P2 is ( ).

A．1：1 B．1：2 C．2：1 D．4：1

23. In order to increase the pressure, the following phenomena are ( ) A. The camel has a wide paw

B. Truck is equipped with many wheels C. Tank car is equipped with wide tracks D. Road roller is equipped with a very large mass roller 24. The

thin-walled flat-bottomed teacup as shown in the figure is placed on the horizontal table with the pressure and pressure on the table being F1 and

P1 respectively; If you buckle it upside down on the same tabletop, the pressure and pressure on the tabletop are F2 and P2 respectively, then

( ) A.F1>F2,P1=P2 B.F1=F2,P1>P2

C．Fl<F2，P1=P2 D．F1=F2，P1<P2

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25. As shown in the figure, three uniform solid iron cylinders of different thicknesses and lengths are placed vertically on the horizontal ground,

and the least pressure on the ground is ( ) A. Iron column A iron column B. Iron column B iron column

C. Propylene iron column D. Uncertain 26.As shown in the picture, a student saw some scenes on the sports field, and he used the physics

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A. The football kicked out by Wang Hao slowly stopped when rolling on the grass because the football was affected by friction B. Zhang Hong did

not stop immediately after crossing the line 100 meters because of inertia

C. Zhang Yan is doing pull-ups, and when he is stationary on the horizontal bar, his pull on the horizontal bar and his gravity are a pair of

balancing forces D. Li Ning is jumping high, and when he jumps to the highest point, he is not affected by gravity 27. In the process of biological

evolution, various organs on the body of animals are constantly improved to adapt to the environment in which they live. Among the following

examples that we are aware of, the one that has the function of reducing pressure is ( )

A. The woodpecker, known as the "forest doctor", has a long, slender, hard beak that makes it easy to peck at the bark

B. The teeth in the human mouth are divided into incisors and canines according to the different chewing functions

C. The camel weighs less than twice as much as the horse, but the area of the soles of the feet is three times that of the horse's hooves

D. Elephants have two large ears, which can not only be used for hearing functions, but also for heat dissipation

28. As shown in the figure, if the contact area of the wooden block and the wooden board is 0.5dm2, the wooden block weighs 3.2N, and the

hand presses the wooden block with a force of 2.4N F, the pressure and pressure of the wooden block are respectively ( )

A．3.2N，640Pa B．2.4N，480Pa C．0.8N，160Pa D．5.6N，1120Pa

29. When a box with a bottom area of a square and an area of S is placed in the center of a horizontal square table with an area of 2S, the

pressure of the box on the table is p, and when the box is placed on the bench surface of a horizontal square with an area of S/4, the pressure of

the box on the bench surface is ( ) A.p/4 B.p C.4p D.8p

30. In winter, the river surface in the north is frozen, and a student suddenly finds that the ice is about to break when he walks on the frozen river,

and the measures he should take are ( ) A. stand still B. immediately change to one-legged standing

C. Hurry up and run to the shore D. Lie down on the spot and crawl to the shore 31.Two solid, uniform cubes A and B are placed on the

horizontal ground, their masses are equal, and the density relationship is ρA>ρBWhen the weights of G1 and G2 are respectively placed on the two

blocks A and B, or the vertical upward forces F1 and F2 are applied respectively (F1 and F2 are less than the gravity of the blocks), and the

pressure of the two blocks A and B on the horizontal ground is equal, then the relationship between G1 and G2, F1 and F2 is ( ) A.G1>G2,F1>F2

B．G1>G2，F1<F2 C．G1<G2，F1<F2 D．G1<G2，F1>F2

33. As shown in the figure, (a) the teacup is placed on a horizontal table at rest; (b) pressing a pushpin against a wall with a finger; (c) If the

wooden block is stationary on an inclined plane, please draw a schematic diagram of the pressure of the teacup on the tabletop, the tip of the

thumbtackin against the wall, and the wooden block on the inclined plane.

34. On the way to school on a bicycle, Xiao Ming has to go through a section of uphill road. He wondered: What factors might be related to the

maximum distance of an object hitting the slope? (2) He then put forward two conjectures:

conjecture 1: the maximum distance of an object up the slope may be related to the mass of the object;

Conjecture 2: The maximum distance of the object on the slope may be related to the inclination angle of the slope

In order to test the first conjecture of the long certificate with the same initial velocity, he fixed the long wooden plank smoothly connected to the

horizontal plane at a certain inclination angle θ, as shown in Figure A. In order to make small balls and planks of different qualities, please design

an experimental device for Xiao Ming in the dotted box in Figure A, and explain the key points of operation when using the device for

experiments: --------------------------------------------

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Xiao Ming found that when the balls of different masses slid onto the long plank at the same initial speed, the maximum distance of the upward

glide was the same. This shows that the conjecture is one --------------------(Optionally "Correct" or "False").

In the experiment to verify conjecture 2, Xiao Ming made a small ball slide on a long wooden board with different inclination angles at the same

initial velocity, and the measured data records are as follows:

frequency 1 2 3 4 5

Plank inclination θ 10° 30° 53° 75° 85°

The maximum distance of the upward glide is s/m

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.4

According to the data in the table, please make an image of S-θ by dotting the dots in Figure B. Based on the images, the conclusion is:

---------------------------------------------------------------------

35. When a truck crosses the Watergate Bridge, the traffic warning stops. The driver'×s reaction time is 0.5s, the reaction distance is 12.5m, the

total mass of the car is found to be 10t, and the total contact area between the wheels and the ground is 0.1m2. （g=10N/kg）

36. When an animal protection organization was looking for a bison, a national key protected animal in Yunnan, southwest of China, it collected a

paraffin model of the footprints left by the bison when standing on the horizontal sandy ground. The average thickness of the paraffin model is

measured to be 2cm, and the mass is 450g; The compressive test was carried out on the sandy land, and it was found that the pressure to make

the sandy land reach the same depth was 2×105Pa.The density of paraffin wax ρwax=0.9×103kg/m3 was known, and g=10N/kg was taken, and

the following were tried: (1) the contact area between the bison and the ground when standing on the horizontal sandy ground.

(2) The pressure on the sand when the bison stands on the level sand.

(3) The quality of this bison.

Chapter 9 Stress and Pressure Unit Test Questions

3. If the two objects A and B are placed flat on the horizontal desktop, the ratio of gravity is 2:5, and the ratio of the contact area with the desktop

is 3:4, then the ratio of the pressure of the two objects A and B to the horizontal desktop is ------------------, and the ratio of pressure is

----------------------- 4. It was reported: "A man got stuck in the mud and struggled to pull one foot out, only to sink faster and deeper. The rescuers

laid a wooden plank on the mud and approached the man from the plank, handed him the rope, and after everyone worked together to pull him

out, he lay flat on the mud and moved away from the mud in a breaststroke position".(1) The report describes

------------------------------------------------------

．-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------ --------------------------

-------------------------------- process, the pressure on the mire is reduced, and you judge on the basis of

8----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------．

5. As shown in the figure, object A moves at a uniform speed from the position of figure A to the position of figure B under the action of horizontal

thrust F. In this process, the frictional force on object A ------------------- horizontal thrust F (optionally "greater than", "equal to" or "less than"), the

pressure of object A on the table top ------------------ (optionally "larger", "smaller" or "unchanged"), and the pressure of object A on the table top

will be ---------------------- (Optionally fill in "Bigger", "Smaller", or "Unchanged").

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6. In order to commemorate Zheng He's seven voyages to the West to spread the Chinese civilization to the world, the largest and tallest stone

statue in China was erected at the mouth of the Minjiang River, as shown in the figure. If the total mass of the stone statue and the pedestal is

7×105kg, the base of the pedestal is square, and the area is about 50m2, then the total gravity of the stone statue and the pedestal is --------------

N, and the pressure on the horizontal ground is -------------------Pa. (g takes 10N/kg) 7. The brick is 25cm long, 10cm wide and 5cm thick, This

brick is flat, sideways, and standing on the horizontal ground, and its pressure ratio to the ground is --------------

9. As shown in the figure, a cylindrical metal block is placed on the horizontal desktop, if an electric drill drills a round hole in the middle of it, the

pressure of this metal block on the desktop is -----------, and the pressure is --------. 10. Object B weighing 20N is placed on the horizontal ground,

and object A weighing 10N is stacked in the center of B. then the ratio of the pressure of A to B to the pressure of B to the ground is --------; If the

ratio of the base area of A to the base area of B is 5:3, then the ratio of the pressure of A to B to the pressure of B to the ground is ---------

11. A brick is placed horizontally, sideways, and vertically on the horizontal desktop, and the pressure on the horizontal desktop is 0.8×103Pa,

2×103Pa and 5×103Pa respectively, the volume of this brick is -----------m3, and the support force of the horizontal desktop to the brick is

-------------N (the density of the brick ρ brick = 2×103kg/m3, g=10N/kg).

12. In order to explore the factors related to the effect of a solid cylinder on the horizontal ground pressure, a student used several different

cylinders to be placed vertically on the same horizontal sand surface, carried out three sets of experiments, and recorded the relevant data as

shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. During the experiment, he carefully observed the degree of depression of the sand surface,

and through comparison, he found that the degree of depression of each group of sand surface was the same, but the difference in each group,

the first group had the largest degree of depression, the second group was second, and the third group was the smallest.

Table 1 (ρ copper = 8.9×103 kg/m)

Table 2 (ρFe = 7.9×103 kg/m) 8 Table 3 (ρCopper = 8.9×103 kg/m)

serial

number

material

Height

(cm).

Base

area

(cm3).

serial

number

material

Height

(cm)

Base

area

(cm3).

serial

number

material

Height

(cm).

Base

area

(cm3).

1 copper 20 10 4 iron 20 10 7 copper 10 10

2 copper 20 20 5 iron 20 20 8 copper 10 20

3 copper 20 30 6 iron 20 30 9 copper 10 30

(1) Analyze and compare the data of experimental serial numbers 1, 2, 3 (or 4, 5, 6, or 7, 8, 9) and the observed phenomena, and the preliminary

conclusion can be drawn that when the density and height of the cylindrical material are the same, the effect of pressure and the bottom area

--------------- (optionally "related" or "unrelated").

8-------------------------------------------- the data and the observed phenomena, it can be concluded that when the height of the cylinder is the same,

the greater the density of the material, the more significant the effect of pressure

(3) Preliminary conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis and comparison of the data of experiment numbers 1 and 7 (or 2 and 8, or 3 and

9) and the observed phenomena: -----------------------------------------------------------

．-------------------------------------------------------------- (4) Further comprehensive analysis and comparison of the data and observed phenomena in

Tables 1, 2 and 3, and summarize and draw conclusions

------------------------------------------------------------------------------．

(b) Analysis and comparison of the data and observed phenomena in Tables 1, 2 and 3 yields the following preliminary conclusions:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. In order to explore the relationship between the pressure of an object placed on an inclined plane and the inclination degree of the inclined

plane, Xiao Ming conducted an experiment as follows: (1) fix a 200-gram hook code in the middle of a 1-meter-long plastic ruler with

double-sided tape, and fix one end of the ruler to one end of the table, as shown in Figure A; (2) Slowly lift the right end, so

that the ruler has a certain angle with the horizontal direction, as shown in Figure B; (3) Continue to raise the right end to

increase the angle between the ruler and the horizontal direction, as shown in Figure C

------------------------------------------------------------- to judge the amount of pressure on the inclined plane of the object;

(2) Analyzing the phenomena of the three experiments, it can be concluded that

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13 questions

14. The following statements about pressure and pressure are correct: ( ) A. The greater the pressure per unit area, the greater the pressure B.

The greater the force area, the smaller the pressure C. The greater the gravity, the greater the pressure

D. The lower the pressure, the smaller the pressure 15. In the following cases, in order to increase the pressure, it is ( )

A. The sole of the shoe is engraved with a pattern B. When the tip of the pushpin enters the wall, press it hard C. Lay sleepers under the rail

D. With a blunt knife, sharpening the knife edge can become sharp 16. As shown in the figure of the roller, about the physical knowledge it

involves, the following statements are wrong ( ) A. The mill is made of steel, which takes advantage of the characteristics of high steel hardness

B. The mass of the mill is very large, in order to increase the pressure on the road surface

C. The roller is very thick and wide, in order to reduce the pressure on the road surface D. The rubber tire is made with a pattern on the surface

to increase the friction with the road surface

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17. As shown in the picture are the icons of some sports in the Beijing Olympic Games, the athlete has the greatest pressure on the ground in

these events ( )

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18. The following practices are used to reduce the pressure: ( ) A. The railway rails are laid on the sleepers

19. The thin-walled flat-bottomed teacup shown in the figure is placed on the horizontal table with an empty position, and the pressure and

pressure on the table are F1 and P1 respectively; If you turn it upside down on the same tabletop, the pressure and pressure on the tabletop are

F2 and P2 respectively, then ( ) A.F1>F2,P1=P2 B.F1=F2,P1>P2 C.Fl<F2,P1=P2

D.F1=F2,P1<P2 20.A brick is placed vertically on the horizontal ground, and the pressure on the ground is p.

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A． B． C． D．

21. The ratio of length, width and height of a brick is 4:2:1, put it on the horizontal desktop according to the three ways shown in the figure, in the

three ways, if the minimum pressure of the brick on the desktop is P, the maximum pressure of the brick on the desktop is ( ) A.2P B.4P C.8P

D.16P

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22. As shown in the figure, there are three aluminum solid cylinders on the horizontal tabletop, their masses are 100 grams, 130 grams, and 170

grams respectively, and their judgment on the pressure of the desktop is correct ( )

A. A max B. C max C. the same size D. The condition is insufficient to judge

23. As shown in the figure, two solid cylinders of copper and aluminum of equal height are placed on the horizontal desktop, and the bottom area

of the copper cylinder is known to be twice the bottom area of aluminum, and the pressure of the two cylinders of copper and aluminum on the

desktop is p copper, p aluminum ( ) A.p copper>p aluminum B.p copper = p aluminum C.p copper<p aluminum D. can not be judged

24. As shown in the figure, two solid cylinders of uniform density A and B are placed on the horizontal desktop, the height h A < h B, the cross-

sectional area S A < S B, but their pressure on the desktop is equal, and the following judgment is correct ( )

A. The density of A is small and the gravity is also small B. The density of A is small and the gravity is large

C. The density of the nail is high and the gravity is also great D. The density of the nail is high and the gravity is small

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25. The statistical results show that there is a certain relationship between the height of people of average stature and the size of footprints.

Among the following methods of criminal investigators in estimating the height and weight of the persons involved in the case, which is correct ( )

A. The size of the footprints can be obtained, and the weight of the person involved can be estimated

B. The depth of the footprints on the soft ground can be obtained, and the height of the person involved can be estimated

C. The size or depth of the footprints on the soft ground cannot be estimated, and the height and weight of the person involved cannot be

estimated

D. The size and depth of the footprints on the soft ground can be obtained, and the height and weight of the person involved can be estimated

26. Put the first junior high school physics textbook on a horizontal table, and its pressure on the desktop is about ( )

A.6Pa B.60Pa C.600Pa D.6000Pa

27. An ordinary middle school student standing on the level ground with his feet on the ground, his pressure and pressure on the horizontal

ground are closest to ( ) A.50N, 103Pa B.50N, 104Pa C.500N, 103Pa

D.500N,104Pa 28.A box with a bottom area of S, when placed on a horizontal desktop with an area of 2S, the minimum pressure of the box on

the table top is p; When placed on a table with an area of S/2 level, the minimum pressure of the box on the table top p′, then the correct

equation in the following equation about the relationship between p′ and p is ( )

A．p′=p B．p′=2p C．p′=4p D．p′=p/2

29. As shown in the picture, pinch the pencil firmly with both hands to keep it still, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the left finger is strong

B. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the right finger is strong

C. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the left finger is strong

D. The pressure on both fingers is the same, and the pressure on the right finger is strong

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30. A cube of the same mass solid copper and iron blocks, flat on the level ground, the following statements are correct ( ) A. The pressure is

equal, the copper block is strong on the ground B. the pressure is equal, the iron block is strong on the table C. the pressure is equal, the copper

block is high on the table D. the pressure is equal, the iron block is high on the table

31. As shown in the figure, a brick is laid flat on the ground, the pressure on the ground is p1, cut it into two equal pieces, take half of them, and

the pressure of the other half on the ground is p2, then ( )A.p1=p2

B.p1=2p2 C.p1=p2/2 D.p1=4p2 32.There are two identical bricks, the length is twice the width, as shown in the figure, stacked on the horizontal

ground, let the pressure of the bricks above on the bricks below be p1, and the pressure of the bricks below on the ground is p2, then the ratio of

p1 to p2 is ( ) A.1:1 B.1:2

C．2：1 D．4：1

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33. A and B two solid cube metal blocks, placed on the horizontal desktop to the desktop pressure p A = p B, pressure F A > F B, then their

density ρ A, ρ B magnitude relationship ( ) A. ρ A > ρ B

B.ρA=ρB C.ρA<ρB.D . Cannot be determined 34.As shown in the figure, two solid copper cylinders A and B, with equal height, are placed on a

horizontal tabletop, and the ratio of pressure on the tabletop is 5:7.Then the ratio of the pressure on the tabletop and the ratio of the bottom area

of the two objects are ( )A.1:1;7:5 respectively

B．1：1；5：7 C．7：5；1：1 D．5：7；25：49

35. A solid cube homogeneous wooden block is placed on the horizontal tabletop, as shown in the figure, the pressure on the tabletop is P, if it is

divided into two pieces of A and B along the dotted line, and a short distance is opened, the pressure on the tabletop is Pa and Pb respectively,

then the following statement is correct ( )

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A．pa>p>pb B．pa<p<pb C．p<pa<pb

36. The cuboid weighing 100N is placed on the horizontal ground, and the contact area with the ground is 0.1m2, and a force of 20N is used to

act vertically in the center of the object, then the pressure of the object on the ground ( )

A. It must be 1200Pa B. It may be 1000Pa C. It may be 800Pa D. It may be 200Pa

37. As shown in the figure, object A weighs 30N, B weighs 15N, the bottom area of object A is 10cm2, and the bottom area of object B is 5cm2.

(2) What is the pressure of B on the table?

38. What is the pressure of a solid cube aluminum block with a mass of 2.7kg and a density of 2.7×103kg/m3 on a horizontal tabletop with an

area of 200cm2? (g=10 N/kg)

39. In the sorghum field next to the road, the footprints left by the criminals were found, each footprint area was 300cm2, when the criminals

walked, the depth of the footprints left on the ground was 3cm, and when the scouts applied a pressure of 40N on the ground with an area of

20cm2 next to the footprints, the indentation depth was 3cm, according to which it was estimated that the prisoner weighed?

40. For a skier with a mass of 76 kg, each snowboard under his feet is 2 meters long, 0.1 meters wide, and weighs 12 Ox, and the pressure on

the horizontal snow surface is obtained when the athlete stands (take g=10N/kg)

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41. Give you the equipment as shown in the picture, where A and B are uniform cylinders made of the same material, and C is foam. Based on

the scenario shown on the right, you can design an experiment to explore the relationship between the effect of pressure and the area under

force. Ask to write about the experimental procedure, phenomenon, and conclusion.

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Experimental procedure (illustrated with a simplified diagram)----------------------------------------------------：

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------

实验现象：--------------------------------------------------------------

结论：--------------------------------------------------------

14.1 Pressure-14.2 Pressure of Liquids, 2011 Synchronous Exercise 2

1. If a wooden block weighing 2N is pressed against a vertical wall with a force of 3N, the pressure on the wall is

----------------N． 2. A brick with length, width and height of 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. The weight of the object is G, and it is placed

flat, sideways, and vertically on the horizontal ground. then the ratio of their pressure to the ground is

4. Regarding pressure, the correct of the following statements is ( ) A. As long as two objects come into contact, there must be pressure

B. The magnitude of the pressure must be equal to the gravitational force experienced by the object C. The direction of the pressure must be

perpendicular to the contact surface

D. The direction of the pressure must be straight down 5. Among the following measures, the one that can increase the pressure is ( )

A. Tractor installation track B. Gasket should be added under the screw C. The lower end of the wooden pile should be sharpened

D. Backpack straps should be wider

6. Object A is stationary on the horizontal tabletop, and its right side is exactly aligned with the edge of the table, as shown in the figure, if object

A is pulled out to the right and is still stationary on the tabletop, then the pressure and pressure of object A on the tabletop are compared with the

original ( )

A. Both pressure and pressure increase B. The pressure changes, but the pressure does not change

C. The pressure does not change, but the pressure changes D. Both pressure and pressure are constant

7. Place the same brick as shown in the figure, and the pressure relationship on the ground is ( )

8. The crawler of the crawler tractor is made of a piece of metal plate, and each board has one or two protruding edges on the side in contact

with the ground.

A. Both the metal plate and the edges on it are designed to reduce the pressure on the ground

B. The metal plate is to reduce the pressure on the ground, and the protruding ridge is to increase the friction on the ground

C. The metal plate is to increase the pressure on the ground, and the protruding edges are to reduce the friction on the ground

D. The metal plate and the edges on it are designed to increase the pressure on the ground

9. As shown in the figure, the bottle is filled with a certain quality of water, when placed vertically, as shown in Figure (a), the pressure of water

on the bottom of the bottle is PA, if it is upside down, as shown in Figure (b), the pressure of water on the bottle cap is PB, then ( )

A. PA=PB B． PA< PB C.PA> PB D. could not be determined

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10. Dip the graduated cylinder filled with water into the water, with the mouth facing down, grasp the bottom of the cylinder and lift it up as shown

in the picture, before the mouth of the cylinder leaves the water, the part of the graduated cylinder that exposes the surface of the water ( ) A. is

empty B. there is water, but it is not satisfied

C. Filled with water D. All of the above are possible

11. The following table is part of the data records of a student's experiment on "studying the pressure of liquids":

(1) Experiment times 1, 4, 5 Description: The pressure of water varies ---------------------increase and increase;

(2) Number of experiments --------------------------Description: At the same depth, the water is equal in all directions.

(3) In addition to the above conclusions, the pressure of the liquid is also reconciled -------------------------------------relate

---------------------------------------------．

12. Why is there a limit to the depth at which a submarine and a diver can dive into the water?

13. The mass of a crawler tractor is 5×103kg, and the contact surface between each crawler and the ground is 2.5m long and 30cm wide×.

14. After learning about "the pressure of a certain mass of gas", Xiao Ming thought of such a question: if the temperature of these gases is kept

constant, will its pressure change with the change of volume? Therefore, the following experiments were carried out: the experimental device is

shown in the figure: a rubber tube is connected in glass tube A and B, there is a valve a on tube A, and the upper end of tube B is open. The

object of study is the part of gas that is enclosed above the mercury column in tube A. Lifting glass tube B, it was found that the height of the

mercury column in the two tubes changed; Lowering glass tube B revealed that the height of the mercury column in the two tubes also changed.

We can read the length of the gas column in tube A from the scale on the vertical plate, and we can find the volume of gas. The pressure of the

gas can be obtained from the height difference between the mercury surface and the atmospheric pressure of the two tubes. The following table

shows the measured data:

Pressure P (×105Pa) 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.6

Volume V (×10-3 m3). 1 2 3 4

As you read it, please answer the following questions: 1. Based on the above article, what conclusions can you draw? Answer: A certain

----------------- of gas, when the ---------------------------- is constant

----------------------------------------------------------------.2, Block the outlet of the pump, press down on the piston of the pump, you will feel more and

more difficult to press down, why?

9.2 Liquid Pressure-9.3 Gas Pressure" 2011 Optimization and Development Training

1. When summer comes, Wei Wei puts ice cubes in a cup filled with cold boiled water to make a cold drink, as shown in the picture. When the ice

cube melts, what does not change is ( ) A. the height of the water surface in the cup B. the pressure of the cup on the table C. the pressure of the

water on the bottom of the cup D. the pressure of the water on the bottom of the cup

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3. There are three holes in the side wall of the container filled with water, and the water flows out of the small holes, which is described correctly

in the picture

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A． B． C． D．

4. In two identical containers, respectively contain two kinds of liquids A and B, put the two small balls that are exactly the same into the two

containers respectively, when the two balls are stationary, the liquid level is flat, and the position of the balls is as shown in the figure, the

pressure of the two liquids A and B on the bottom of the container is small respectively p A and p B, then their relationship is ( ) A. p A< p B B. p A

= p B C. p A > p B D. can not be determined

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5. As shown in the figure, the same two containers contain water and alcohol of equal mass respectively, and the two points A and B inside the

liquid are at the same horizontal height, and the pressure of these two points is PA and PB respectively, then ( ) A.PA> PB

B．PA=PB C．PA<PB

6. The picture shows the relationship between the internal pressure and depth of the two liquids A and B. Let the density of liquid A be ρA and

the density of liquid B be ρB, then the relationship between ρA and ρB is ( )

A．ρ甲<ρ 乙 B．ρ甲=ρ 乙 C．ρ甲>ρ 乙

7. Cross-sectional diagram of several different channels as shown in the figure, among which the safest and most reliable design is ( )

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A． B． C． D．

8. Careful students will observe that a section of U-shaped pipe is often installed between the sink and the sewer pipe in the bathroom, as shown

in the figure, the main role of the U-shaped pipe is ( ) A. to prevent the thermal expansion and contraction of the water pipe, and to play the role

of expansion and contraction of the base B. because the water pipe is connected to the bottom of the basin, it plays a decorative role C. it is

equivalent to a communicator and plays the role of isolating odor D. prevents the water pipe from being blocked, which is convenient for dredging

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9. As shown in the figure, it is the cylindrical bucket A and the bucket B with a small bottom and a large mouth used by two students on duty, the

two buckets have the same quality, the upper mouth area is the same, and the water of the same quality is placed on the horizontal ground. The

correct statement about the pressure of the bucket on the ground and the pressure of the water at the bottom of the bucket is ( )

A. The pressure of bucket A on the ground is greater than that of B B. The pressure of bucket B on the ground is greater than that of A

C. The pressure of water at the bottom of buckets A and B is equal D. The pressure of water at the bottom of bucket B is greater than that of A

10. As shown in the figure, two identical test tubes A and B are respectively filled with liquid of equal quality, the first test tube is placed vertically,

the second test tube is placed obliquely, and the liquid level of the two test tubes is flat. Let the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the two test

tubes be p A and p B respectively, then ( ) A.p A< p B B.p A = p B C.p A > p B

D. The condition is insufficient, and it cannot be judged 11. A sealed round table container, its cross-section is shown in the figure, containing a

certain quality of water, if it is turned upside down, the effect of water on the bottom surface of the container is ( )

A. The pressure decreases and the pressure increases; B. The pressure decreases, the pressure decreases;

C. The pressure increases, the pressure increases; D. The pressure increases, and the pressure decreases

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13. After China's successful launch of "Shenzhou 6", the "Chang'e-1" lunar landing project is currently being implemented. Knowing that there is

no air on the Moon, no magnetic field, and the ratio of gravity on the Moon to the Earth is 1:6, if you were to land on the Moon in the future, which

of the following would you do? ( )A. Speak directly to your companion on the moon B. Do the Torricelli experiment C. Lift a 50kg weight with ease

D. Use a compass to find the direction 14.The following statements about the conclusion of the experiment are incorrect: ( )

A. Figure A shows that the liquid has pressure on the bottom of the container B. Figure B shows that the boiling point of water decreases due to

a decrease in air pressure

C. Diagram C illustrates that the higher the same object is lifted, the greater its potential energy D. Diagram D illustrates that the same liquid at

rest in the communicator always has the same level of liquid in contact with the atmosphere

15. As shown in the picture, Zhang Hong had a strange phenomenon when she sucked the drink with a straw, no matter how hard she tried, the

drink could not be sucked. What do you think is the reason for this phenomenon is ( ) A. The straw has a hole

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16. Someone sucks the air out of a small empty bottle with his mouth, and the vial immediately hangs on his lips because ( )

A. The mouth sucks up the bottle B. The result of the air remaining in the bottle C. The saliva at the mouth sticks to the bottle

D. Atmospheric pressure presses the vial on the lips 17. As shown in the figure, the atmospheric pressure is not used in each process ( )

A． B． C． D．

18. In the Torricelli experiment, to increase the length of the mercury in the tube a little, you can use ( )

A. Lift the glass tube up B. Add some mercury to the mercury tank

C. Insert the glass tube down D. Tilt the glass tube a little

19. In winter, after a night of hot water with half a bottle of hot water left, the cork at the mouth of the bottle feels very tight and difficult to pull out

when the cork is pulled out the next day, the main reason is ( ) A. The cork expands due to moisture

B. The mouth of the bottle shrinks and becomes smaller due to the decrease in temperature C. The temperature of the gas in the bottle

decreases and the stopper sticks

D. The pressure in the bottle decreases, and the atmospheric pressure compresses the cork 20. The hydrogen balloon will burst when it rises to

high altitude, and the main reason is ( ) A. The high altitude temperature is low, and the pressure resistance of the rubber film is weakened

B. The atmospheric pressure in the upper atmosphere becomes smaller, and the air pressure inside the ball is much greater than the outside air

pressure, which expands the balloon C. The atmospheric pressure in the upper altitude is larger, and the balloon is crushed D. The temperature

at high altitude is lower, and the air pressure in the ball is larger, which expands the ball

21. In the following figures, the experimental diagram that can measure the atmospheric pressure value is ( )

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A． B． C ． D．

22. In the following example, atmospheric pressure is used to act on ( ) A. Xiao Wang inhales fresh air into his lungs

B. The doctor pushes the medicine into the patient's muscles with a syringe C. Xiao Li pins the map to the wall with a thumbtack

D. Deep-water divers should wear special anti-compression diving suits 23. Heat a flask filled with water until the water boils, remove the flask

from the flame, and the water stops boiling. Quickly plug the cork, turn it upside down, and then pour cold water on the bottom of the bottle, as

shown in the picture, a large number of bubbles will immediately appear in the flask, the reason is ( )

A. The water in the bottle undergoes a decomposition reaction and produces gas B. The air pressure in the bottle does not change, the boiling

point of the water decreases, and the water boils C. The air pressure in the bottle increases, the boiling point of the water decreases, and the

water boils

D. The air pressure in the bottle decreases, the boiling point of the water decreases, and the water boils 24. Of the following statements, the

correct ones are ( ) A. The kite rises by the buoyancy of the air B. The submarine under the water receives more buoyancy as it dives C. The

density of the gas in the weather detection balloon is less than the density of the air

D. The same density meter floats in different liquids and is subjected to different buoyancy forces

25. As shown in the figure is a cross-sectional diagram of the wing of the aircraft, when the aircraft flies horizontally ( ) A. The air flow velocity

above the wing is large and the pressure is small B. The air flow velocity below the wing is large and the pressure is small C. The air flow velocity

above the wing is large and the pressure is strong D. The air flow velocity under the wing is large and the pressure is small 26. As shown in the

figure, it is a tornado that occurred in a grassland, and the essence of the tornado is a high-speed rotating air flow. It can "suck" objects on the

ground or people and animals into the air. A tornado can "suck" an object because ( ) A. the pressure inside the tornado is much less than the

pressure on the outside B. the tornado increases the buoyancy of the air on the object C. the tornado causes less gravity on the object D. the

superstitious saying that the "dragon" "catches" the object into the air

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27. The pressure cooker is a kind of cooking utensils that people like to use, for example, we use a pressure cooker to cook rice, which can save

time, the main reason is ( ) A. The gas pressure in the pot is strong, so that the boiling point of water is reduced, and the porridge is easy to boil

B. The gas pressure in the pot is strong, which makes the boiling point of the water rise, and the porridge is not easy to boil C. The pressure

cooker transfers heat quickly, making the porridge easy to boil D. The pressure cooker has good sealing, which makes the porridge easy to boil

28. A student filled an appropriate amount of water in a closed glass bottle, inserted a glass tube with two ends open through the cork into the

water, and blew a small amount of gas into the bottle through the glass tube, and the water surface in the tube is as shown in the figure. If the

student records the position of the water surface in the glass tube at the foot of the Purple Mountain, move the device to the top of the mountain

and compare the position of the water surface in the glass tube to the height at the foot of the mountain ( ) A. higher B. equal C. lower

D. Unable to judge 29. As shown in the picture, you can use the suction cup of a plastic coat hook to attach it to a smooth wall to hang clothes or

school bags, and use the following four sentences to explain this phenomenon(1) The atmospheric pressure presses the plastic suction

cup against the wall; (2) Put the suction cup of the coat hook close to the wall, and the air between the plastic suction cup and

the wall is squeezed out; (3) There is a great friction between the suction cup and the wall; (4) So the coat hook can hang clothes or

school bags. This phenomenon can be explained most clearly by arranging these four sentences in which of the following order

( ) A①②③④ B．②①③④ C．③②①④ D．②③①④

2011 High School Entrance Examination Physics General Review Topic: Solid Pressure, Liquid Pressure

1. Three identical beakers, pour three liquids of the same mass respectively, and the liquid level position is shown in the figure, then the liquid

has a strong pressure on the bottom of the beaker, and the relationship between the strength and strength of the beaker is correct ( )

1 question6 questions

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4 questions

(3) Iron rails are often laid on sleepers

8(4) The blade of the knife should be sharpened very thinly

8. As shown in the figure: two containers A and B with the same bottom area but different shapes are filled with the same kind of liquid of the

same height, then the relationship between the pressure and pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the container is: PA ------------ PB, FA

-----------FB. (fill in "greater than", "less than" or "equal to") ）

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11. The machine tool weighing 3000 N is supported on the ground with four feet, and the bottom area of each foot is 0.005 m2, and the pressure

of the machine tool on the ground is obtained.

12. If a cube of iron with a mass of 7.9 kg is placed in the center of a horizontal table top with a side length of 1 meter, what is the pressure on

the tabletop? (ρFe = 7.9×103 kg/m3)

13. As shown in the figure: the bottom area of the container is 100cm2, containing a certain liquid, the pressure of the liquid on point B is

235.2Pa, finding: (1) the pressure of the liquid at point A;

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(2) The pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the container.

14. If you pour 10 kg of alcohol into a container with a bottom area of 100 cm2 and the alcohol is 1 decimeter deep, what is the pressure and

pressure of the alcohol on the bottom of the container? (g takes 10 N/kg, ρ alcohol = 0.8 g/cm3)

15. There is a glass tube with an area of 5 cm 2 and open at both ends (the thickness of the pipe wall is not counted), block the lower end of the

nozzle with a thin plastic sheet (the mass is not counted), and then insert it into the cup 20 cm below the liquid surface, as shown in the figure, if

120 grams of mercury are slowly injected into the tube along the pipe wall, the thin plastic sheet just falls, find: the density of the liquid in the cup.

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18. If the height of a tap is 1 meter from the ground, and the pressure of the water at the tap is measured to be 1.96×105 Pa, the water surface in

the water tower is --------------- meters above the ground.19. As shown in the figure, the pressure at the bottom of the thin test tube is 9.8×102 Pa,

then the density of this liquid is ------------ g/cm3; If the tube is placed upright, the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the tube is -----------------

20. The reservoir dam of Liujiaxia Hydropower Station is 147 meters high, when the reservoir water level is 130 meters, what is the pressure of

the water at the bottom of the dam?

21. A student with a mass of 45kg stands on the ground, and the contact area between each foot and the ground is 150cm2.Seeking: What is his

pressure on the ground (take g=10N/kg).Think: What can be done if you want to quickly double your pressure on the ground?

22. The pressure of a crawler tractor with a mass of 5 tons on the horizontal ground is about 3×104 Pa, what is the contact area between each

track and the ground? (g=10 N/kg)

23. As shown in the figure: if a certain liquid is filled in a container, and the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the container is 3×103 Pa,

then: what is the density of the liquid? What is the pressure on the bottom of the container? (g=10 N/kg)

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Chapter 8 Pressure 2011 Unit Test Questions

1. Which of the following statements about pressure is true: ( ) A. The magnitude of the pressure is always equal to the gravitational force of the

object B. The direction of the pressure is always straight down C. The direction of the pressure is always perpendicular to the surface of the force

D. The area of the pressure is always equal to the surface area of the support 2. The pressure at a point inside the stationary liquid is related to

which of the following factors ( ) A. The gravity of the whole liquid B. The volume of the liquid C. The size of the area at the bottom of the

container D. The density of the liquid 3. There is a long glass tube containing the liquid, and the opening is placed vertically upward, Then

gradually tilted, then the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the tube will be ( )

A. Increasing B. Constant C. Decreasing D. Variable

A． B． C． D．

5. Gently put an ordinary table tennis ball into the funnel as shown in the figure, and blow it upward from the mouth of the pipe with an electric

hair dryer, then the following analysis is correct ( ) A. The ball is blown upwards because the gas flow velocity below it is large and the pressure

is strong; B. The ball is blown upwards because the gas flow velocity below it is large and the pressure is small; C. The ball will not be blown

upwards because the gas below it has a high velocity and strong pressure; D. The ball will not be blown upwards because the gas flow velocity

below it is high and the pressure is small

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6. Two identical beakers each contain water and alcohol in equal volumes, as shown in the figure. The following statements are correct: ( ) A.

The pressure on the bottom of the two containers is equal B. The pressure of the liquid on a and b with the same depth under the liquid level is

equal C. The pressure at the bottom of the water container is greater D. The pressure at the bottom of the water container is less 7. As shown in

the figure, the bottom area of the three containers is equal, if they are all filled with the same quality of alcohol, the pressure of alcohol on the

bottom of the container ( ) A. is the same size B. Amax C.B max

D.C max

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8. A regular rectangular brick, placed horizontally, sideways, and vertically on the horizontal plane, the maximum pressure on the ground is ( ) A.

flat B. sideways C. vertical D. has nothing to do with the release method 9. Three identical cylindrical containers, respectively filled with the same

volume of alcohol, water and salt water, the maximum pressure on the bottom of the container is ( ) A. alcohol B. water C. salt water D. all three

are the same

10. The mass of a cow is 400kg, when standing on the horizontal ground, the contact area between each foot and the ground is 5×10-3m2, then

the pressure of the cow on the ground is ( ) A.2×104Pa B.4× 104Pa C.8×104Pa D.2×105Pa 11. As shown in the "Pascal Cracked Barrel

Experiment", the wooden barrel is filled with water, and a thin tube is erected on the top of the barrel, and a person pours only a few cups of

water into the thin tube on the balcony on the third floor, and the wooden barrel is crushed by the water, this experiment shows that the factors

affecting the internal pressure of the liquid are the ( ) A. mass B. depth C. density D. volume

12. In the calm waters of the park, bubbles from the bottom of the lake can often be seen rising upwards. Then the bubbles are rising in the

water, and the following statement is correct ( )

A. The liquid pressure on the bubbles does not change B. The liquid pressure on the bubbles becomes smaller

C. The buoyancy experienced by the bubble becomes greater D. The buoyancy experienced by the bubble does not change

13. The ratio of gravity of two objects is 1:2, the ratio of the contact area of the horizontal desktop is 1:2, and the ratio of the pressure on the

desktop when it is at rest is ( ) A.1:1 B.1:2

C．2：1 D．1：4

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15. A cube is submerged in water, the upper surface is level with the water surface, and the following statements about it are correct ( ) A. Its

upper and lower surfaces are subject to the pressure of water, of which the upper surface is under greater pressure B. Its upper and lower

surfaces are subject to the pressure of water, and the pressure on the two surfaces is equal C. The pressure on its upper surface is upward, and

the pressure on the lower surface is downward D. The pressure on its lower surface is greater, and the pressure on the lower surface is upward

16. As shown in the figure, the bottom area of the three containers A, B, and C is the same. Containing sulfuric acid, water, and alcohol (ρ sulfur >ρ

water >ρ alcohol) respectively, and it is known that the pressure on the bottom surface of the three containers is equal, please judge the mass of the

three liquids ( ) A. sulfuric acid is the largest B. water is the largest in quality

C. Alcohol mass is the largest D. The relationship between the three masses cannot be determined 17. The atmospheric pressure decreases

with the increase of altitude---------------------- and the first experiment to measure the atmospheric pressure value was --------------------------

Experiment.1 standard atmosphere = -----------------Pa. 18. In the sugar industry, the water in the sugar should be removed by boiling, but the

sugar will deteriorate at about 100 °C, and the air pressure in the pot should be ensured to be

---------------- 1 standard atmosphere, so that the boiling point of the water in the pot ------------------100°C (all optional "greater than", "less than" or

"equal to"). 19. As shown in the figure, A and B are two cylindrical containers of equal height, and the ratio of the bottom area inside the container

is 2:1, both filled with water. Then the ratio of the pressure of water to the bottom of the container is -------

20. A classmate was walking barefoot on the wetlands by the Songhua River, and he observed that his feet were sunk into the soft soil, and

when he pulled one foot hard, the other foot sank deeper because of -------------------------

8---------------------------------------------------------------

23. Fish that live in the deep sea are accustomed to being subjected to great ---------------- so that when they are caught on the surface, they

because of the small pressure ---------------

24. Xiao Zhang studied "Is the drink in the straw sucked up?" Or was it pressed up? This problem was designed in an experiment as shown in

the figure. When the syringe piston is pushed hard, the air pressure inside the jar will be greater than

(optionally "greater than", "less than" or "equal to") the air pressure in the straight glass tube, the phenomenon that can be observed is that the

------------------------------. This experiment verify the conclusion that the drink is pressed by air pressure --------------- (optionally "can" or "can't").

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25. Sitting on the sofa is more comfortable than sitting on the bench, this is mainly because the sofa is more prone to deformation, increasing the

contact area between people and the sofa --------------, and reducing the -------------- the same under the condition -----------------

(increase/decrease) the pressure. The tires of a truck are more and wider than those of a regular car, so that they can ----------------------------

26. A classmate was playing by the river and saw two ladies walking by the river, one wearing high heels and the other wearing flat heels. The

imprint on the heel of a high heel is narrow and deep, while the one on a flat heel is wide and shallow. The student felt that there might be some

truth to this. Based on the student's observations, ask a scientific question:

．

27. In order to explore what factors are related to the pressure of the liquid, Xiaohong put forward some conjectures and verified the conjectures.

(1) The following A, B, and C are the three conjectures proposed by Xiaohong, one of which has been written in the question, please help

Xiaohong write the other two: Conjecture A: The pressure of the liquid may be related to the area of the liquid;

Conjecture B: The pressure of the liquid may be related to the density -------------------------------- of the liquid;

Conjecture C: The pressure of the liquid may be related to the ------------------------------------ of the liquid;

(2) If there are multiple factors that affect the pressure of the liquid, in order to study the relationship between the pressure of the liquid and a

certain factor, it is necessary to control the other factors unchanged, which is called in scientific inquiry

．

(3) The following is an experiment designed by Xiaohong to study the factors affecting liquid pressure with a U-tube piezometer, please answer

the following questions on the basis of careful observation of each experiment

Experiment 1 is to verify ---------------------When the pressure of the liquid is the same, the pressure of the liquid is the same ------------------

relationships;

Experiment 2 is to verify --------------------When the pressure of the liquid is the same, the pressure of the liquid is the same -------------------

relationships;

Experiment 3 is to verify ----------------------When the liquid is the same ------------The pressure of all -----------

28. Give you a glass of water, a piece of rubber film, a thin wire, a glass tube with two ends open, and a scale. Please use these devices to

measure the density of a liquid to be measured. Requirements: (1) Write out the experimental procedure;

(2) According to the experimental data, write the expression of the density of the liquid to be measured

29. Two cubes A and B, the side length is 5cm and 10cm respectively, A weighs 10N, B weighs 30N. If A is placed in the middle of the top of B,

find the pressure of B on the ground and the pressure of A on B;

30. Place an empty glass on the horizontal tabletop, its bottom area is 0.01m2, and its pressure on the tabletop is 200Pa.(1) Find the mass of the

glass.

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(2) After filling the glass with 1kg of water, the pressure of the water on the bottom of the cup is 900Pa, find the depth of water.

(3) Which of a, b, and c is the approximate shape of the glass by calculation? (g=10N/kg, the thickness of the cup wall is negligible)

2011 High School Entrance Examination Special Breakthrough Training 06: Pressure

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4. The hot water in the thermos flask is not satisfied and the cork is tightly closed, and after a period of time, the cork is not easy to pull out. This

phenomenon shows that when the volume is constant, the temperature of the gas decreases by -----------------, and the pressure of the gas

decreases by --------------The outside atmospheric pressure is assumed to be 1.0×105Pa. 5. Xiao Ming's mass is 50kg, and the shape of his flat

insoles traced on graph paper is shown in the figure. Knowing that each square is a square with a side length of 2cm, counting the number of

squares covered by the sole of the shoe (anything less than one square is counted as half a square), the pressure on the ground when Xiao Ming

stands in these shoes is equal to ------------------N, so the pressure of his feet on the ground can be estimated to be ------------------ Pa．

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6. Xiao Ming wants to measure the atmospheric pressure by the following method: press a suction cup with an area of 1×10-3m2 on a smooth and horizontal

tabletop, squeeze out the air inside, measure the atmospheric pressure with a spring dynamometer with a maximum scale value of 5N (as shown in the figure), and then calculate the atmospheric pressure. If the atmospheric pressure is 1.01×105Pa,

then the atmospheric pressure on the suction cup is -----------N. Xiao Ming found that the measurement could not be completed with this

dynamometer, and the reason was

8---------------------------------------------------

7. In the middle of the last century, when the deep-water submarine "Trieste 2" dived to a depth of 104 m in the Marilena Trench, the pressure of

the sea water was ---------------Pa Effect of ---------------------.(ρ seawater=1.03×103kg/m3,g=10N/kg) 8. The thin-walled flat-bottomed teacup as

shown in the figure is placed on the horizontal tabletop empty, and the pressure and pressure on the tabletop are F1 and P1 respectively; If it is

buckled upside down on the same tabletop, the pressure and pressure on the tabletop are F2 and P2 respectively, then ( ) A.F1>F2, P1=P2

B．F1=F2，P1>P2 C．Fl<F2，P1=P2 D．F1=F2，P1<P2

9. When students carry schoolbags, there will be a feeling of pressure on their shoulders, so Xiaohong chose a broadband schoolbag to carry on

both shoulders. The width of the schoolbag is 5cm, the length of the contact part with the shoulder is 35cm, and the total mass is 7kg.

D. reduce the pressure;2.45Pa 10.Put the two solid cubes of A and B made of the same material, put them on the horizontal desktop, the

pressure of A and B on the desktop is p1 and p2 respectively.Put A on top of B, as shown in the figure, the pressure of B on the desktop is ( )

A.p1+p2 B.p12+p22

C． p13+p23 ）/p22 D． p13+p23/p12

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11. The figure shows the relationship between the internal pressure and depth of the two liquids A and B. Let the density of liquid A be ρA and

the density of liquid B be ρB, then the relationship between ρA and ρB is ( )A.ρA<ρB

B．ρ甲=ρ 乙 C．ρA>ρB D. Uncertain 12.When a student used a piezometer to study the characteristics of the internal pressure of a liquid, he put

the metal box of the piezometer into the water at the same depth, and oriented the metal box in different directions, and the experimental results

are shown in the figure. So, the conclusion of this experiment is ( )

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A. The greater the depth in the water, the greater the pressure B. The same depth for different liquids, the pressure is not equal

C. At the same depth in water, the pressure of the liquid in all directions is equal

D. At the same depth in water, the pressure of the liquid in all directions is not equal

A． B． C． D．

14. Cook porridge in a pressure cooker to save time. The main reason is ( )

A. The gas pressure in the pot is strong, which makes the porridge easy to boil B. The gas pressure in the pot is strong, which makes the

porridge not easy to boil

C. The pressure cooker transfers heat quickly, making the porridge easy to boil D. The pressure cooker has good sealing, which makes the

porridge easy to boil

15. With the rapid development of China's economy, many manufacturers have changed the view that "the aroma of wine is not afraid of deep

alleys" in the past, and have advertised their products, but some advertising production has ignored the scientificity. There is a scientific error in

the advertisement shown in the picture, please find out and briefly explain what physical principles or laws it violates. The error in the diagram is

that --------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------

16. A model of a submarine stationary on the sea surface, after starting, dives vertically at a constant speed within 4min for 20m, and then moves

in a straight line at a uniform speed along the horizontal direction, and moves for 4min. Please draw a picture of the relationship between the

seawater pressure and time within 8min of the submarine model (ρ sea = 1.03×103kg/m3, g = 10N/kg, the volume of the submarine model and

atmospheric pressure are not counted).

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17. Xiao Ming's father was a diver, and one day, Xiao Ming discovered that his father had a record of the pressure at various depths below the

surface of the water when he dived into the reservoir, as shown in Table 1: Table 1

Depth (m) 3 5 9 12 15 20

Pressure (Pa) 1.31×15

1.50×10

1.89×10

2.21×10

2.49×10

3.01×10

Xiao Ming was very interested, and he used his knowledge of liquid pressure to quickly calculate the pressure at the corresponding depth in the

reservoir (g=10N/kg), as shown in Table 2: Table 2

Depth (m) 3 5 9 12 15 20

Pressure (Pa) 0.3×105 0.5×105 0.9×105 1.2×105 1.5×105 8

Please answer the questions as follows: (1) Xiao Ming's formula for calculating pressure is p= -------------------------, Xiao Ming has one pressure

calculation that has not been completed, please help him complete it, and fill in the space in Table 2 2×105 (2) Xiao Ming's father's measured

value and Xiao Ming's calculated value are different at each same depth, Identify discrepancies and analyze the causes—discrepancies:

-----------------------------------------------------

-原因： ---------------------------------------------------------

18. The mass of the flat-bottomed teapot in the picture is 0.4kg, and the bottom area is 4×10-3m20.6kg of boiling water inside, the height of the

water surface has been marked in the figure, placed in the center of the horizontal table with an area of 1m2

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(2) The pressure of the teapot on the tabletop.

19. As shown in the figure, the pressure cooker is a common cookware in the home kitchen, using it to heat food to more than 100°C, it is time-

saving and efficient, and is popular with consumers.

(1) In order to prevent the risk of explosion of the pressure cooker due to the blockage of the air vent, the air vent is its second safety line of

defense. The vent hole sealing is a fusible sheet (an alloy material with a low melting point), which tries to illustrate the physical principle of using

fusible sheet.

(2) Xiao Ming measured the diameter of the pressure cooker outlet at home is 4mm, and the mass of the safety valve pressed on the outlet is

80g, take g=10N/kg, and calculate the pressure generated by the weight of the safety valve on the gas at the vent.

(3) When the air pressure in the pressure cooker increases to a certain value, the gas in the pot can automatically open the safety valve to

release the gas. What is the maximum pressure that can be achieved by the gas in this pressure cooker in an environment with standard

atmospheric pressure? Compare the graph line showing the boiling point of water versus air pressure to illustrate the approximate maximum

temperature that can be achieved when cooking food in this pressure cooker?

[Example 1] A soldering iron is connected to a 220V circuit, and the current passing

through it is 350mA, how much power is consumed after 1h of power-on?

【Analysis】Only 1h of electrical work is needed to know the electrical energy consumed.

【Answer】It is obtained from the formula of electrical work

W=UIt=220V×0.35A×3600s=2.8×105J

2.8×105J。

[Example 2] A resistor with a certain resistance value, connected to a circuit with a voltage

of 3V, consumes 0.6W, find the resistance value of this resistor, how much work is done by

5min current?

[Analysis]: Since this is a pure resistive circuit, the resistance can be found by P=U2/R, and

the electrical work can be calculated by W=Pt.

Answer: P=U2/R

R=U2/P=(3V)2/0.6W=15Ω

W=Pt=0.6W×5×60s=180J

The resistance value of this resistor is 15Ω, and the work done by 5min current is 180J.

【Example 3】How many hours can a "220V 40W" light bulb work normally with 1kwh of

electric energy?

Answer: It is obtained from P=W/t

t=W/P=1kWh/0.04Kw=25h

[A] make the electric light work for 25 hours.

Example 4: There are 24 classrooms in a school building, and each classroom is equipped

with 6 "PZ220-40" incandescent lamps.

(1) Find the current introduced into the lighting line of the building;

(2) If the average daily electricity consumption is 3 hours, how many kilowatt-hours of

electricity is consumed per month based on 30 days per month?

【Analysis】It can be from P=UI and I=I1+I2+...... in parallel circuits Find the current I in

the lighting line of the building and the power consumption can be found by W=Pt.

Answer: (1) What is the power of electricity in each classroom?

P=40×6W=240W

The total power of electricity used in the whole building

P=P×24=5.76×10 ３W

(2) The monthly power consumption of the whole building

W=Pt=5.76kW×3×30h=518.4kWh=518.4

[A] (1) The current in the lighting line is 26.2A, and (2) the monthly power consumption is

518.4 kWh.

【Example 5】Copper, iron and lead wires of equal length, thickness and thickness are

connected in series in a circuit, and after being energized ( )

A. Copper wire heats more B. Iron wire heats more.

【Analysis】The heat generated by the current through the conductor Q=I2Rt, when the

three wires are connected in series, because the energizing time and current intensity are

equal, and the resistance of the wire is the largest, the wire heats up the most. Answer: B

【Example 6】The motor power of a washing machine is 120w, and it works at 220V, find:

(1) How much electricity does it consume when it is powered on for 10min? (2) Can you

calculate how much heat is generated in 10 minutes?

To calculate the electrical energy consumed by the motor, you can calculate the work done

by the current, and how much work the current does, how much electric energy is

consumed. Because the electrical energy consumed by the electric motor is not all

converted into heat, the heat generated and the electrical energy consumed are not equal.

(1) W=Pt=120W×600S=7200J。

(2) No, because when the current passes through the motor, only a small part of the

electrical energy is converted into internal energy, and most of the electrical energy is

converted into mechanical energy. In order to find the heat generated by the motor within

10 minutes, it is necessary to know what the current and resistance of the motor coil are

when the motor is running normally, and then use the formula Q=I2Rt to calculate.

[A] (l) Power consumption 7200J; (2) Calories cannot be calculated.

Example 1: Measure the resistance and rated power of a small light bulb with a rated

voltage of 2.5 V by voltammetry.

(l) In an unfinished circuit [Fig. 1(a)], the connector M of the conductor should be

connected to the binding post of the sliding rheostat (fill in: A, B, D).

(2) After closing the switch S, the indication of the voltmeter is 0.5V. To make the small

bulb glow normally, the slide plate P of the sliding rheostat should be moved to (fill in: A,

B).

(3) When the small bulb is emitting normally, the indication of the ammeter [Fig. 1(b)] is A.

(4) The resistance of the small bulb when it emits light normally is R= Ω.

(5) The rated power of the small bulb is P= W.

【Analysis】Volt-ampere measurement of resistance and electric power is to use voltmeter

and ammeter to measure the voltage U and current I of the resistor to be measured, and

then calculate the resistance value according to R=U/I, and calculate the electric power by

P=IU. In this question, we need to measure the resistance of the small bulb when it emits

light normally, and it is required to adjust the voltage of the small bulb, so a sliding

rheostat is used.

【Answer 】(1) From the position of the sliding blade of the sliding rheostat in Figure (a), it

can be seen that the wire M can be connected to the binding post A or B, but not to C.

(2) In order to make the small bulb glow normally, the voltage at both ends of it should be

increased from 0.5V to 2.5V, so to increase the current of the circuit, the method taken is

to reduce the resistance of the sliding rheostat. If M is connected to A, a resistance wire

close to the A terminal is used, and the slider P should be moved to the A terminal; If M is

connected to B, the slide P should be moved towards the B terminus.

(3) The ammeter uses 0~0.6A gear, and the pointer is in the middle of 0.4~0.6A, so the

indication is 0.50A. It can also be read in this way, each small division (minimum division

value) of this range is 0.02A, and the pointer is offset by 25 divisions, so the indication is

0.02×25=0.50A.

(5) The rated power of the small bulb P=IU=0. 5 × 2.5W= 1. 25W。

Measuring the resistance and rated power of a small light bulb with an ammeter and a

voltmeter (i.e., voltammetry) are two important student experiments in junior high school

electricity. Attention should be paid to the comparison and analysis of the similarities and

differences between the two experiments.

【Example 7】In the experiment of measuring the electric power of a small bulb, a student

designed four experimental circuit diagrams, as shown in Figure 2, in which the correct

ones are: ( )

Figure 2

【Analysis】Because this experiment needs to measure the voltage at both ends of the

small bulb and the current through the small bulb, the voltmeter should be connected in

parallel with both ends of the small bulb, and the ammeter should be connected in series

with the small bulb. A sliding rheostat can only change the voltage at both ends of the

small bulb by changing its own resistance by connecting it in series with the small bulb.

The positions of the two meters in Figure (a) are reversed; The voltmeter in Figure (b)

measures the total voltage of the circuit; In Figure (C), the sliding rheostat is connected in

parallel with the small bulb, so only (d) is correct.

Answer: (d)

Fill-in-the-blank questions

1. The working voltage of the language repeater used by students is 6V, and when the

working current is 250mA, the power consumed by the repeater is W, and if the repeater

works continuously for 30min, the work done by the current is J.

2. The following table is the nameplate of an electric kettle. From the nameplate, it can be

seen that the current through the kettle at the rated voltage is A (keep one decimal place),

and the electric energy consumed within 1min is .

3. A bulb labeled "220V 100W", it has a filament resistance of

484 Ω, and when it glows normally, the current passing through

it is A.

4. (04 Nanchang, Jiangxi) Xiaoxin's electric energy meter reading

at the end of April is 587.6kWh, the reading at the end of May is

shown in Figure 2, if each kilowatt-hour of electricity is 0.6 yuan,

then the electricity bill payable this month, when the electric

energy meter is used normally, the maximum power allowed to

access the electrical appliances is W.

Figure 2

5. Mobile phones, digital cameras and other commonly used rechargeable batteries as a

power source, Figure 3 shows a mobile phone battery nameplate, observation can be seen

that the voltage of the battery is V. The amount of electrical energy it stores when it is

fully charged is J.

6. When the refrigerator is working, the socket in Figure 4 should be used, which is to

make the shell of the refrigerator work safely. The table on the right is the instruction

manual of a refrigerator, when it is working normally, the voltage is V, if the compressor

works normally for 1h continuously, it will consume kwh.

7. The nameplate of a single hot water dispenser is marked with the data shown in Figure

5. When the hot water tank is filled with 15°C water, it is heated to 90°C and needs to

absorb J heat. If 80% of the electricity consumed is absorbed by water, the water dispenser

needs to work normally at least s. [c water = 4.2×10.]3 J/(kg·℃)]

The drinking bucket

capacity is 18.9L

The capacity of the

hot water tank is

0.8L

Rated voltage 220V

Power 500W when

heated

The power is 40W

when kept warm

Frequency 50Hz

Fig. 5 Fig. 6

8. The electric energy meter in Xiaohong's home at the beginning of May is shown in

Figure 6, 48.8 yuan of electricity was paid in May, if the electricity bill per kilowatt-hour is

0.8 yuan, then the number of Xiaohong's house at the end of May is

, according to the nameplate of the energy meter, what else can you read? Please

write two of them

（1 ）（2) .

9. Using the control variable method, Xiaolei connects two

sections of metal wire A.B (RA<RB) with different resistances in

series, and puts them in two bottles of kerosene with the same

amount of kerosene for a certain period of time (as shown in

Figure 7), and when the control current is constant, explore the

relationship between the heat generated by the current through

the conductor

effect. At this time, the internal energy of kerosene (filler

increases, decreases, or does not change).where the

temperature of the bottle of kerosene rises faster.

10. When the incandescent bulb is working, the filament

temperature can be up to more than 2000°C. Tungsten is used

as a filament because of the high tungsten. The walls of the bulb

will turn black after a long period of use, mainly due to the

tungsten first and then on the inner surface of the glass bulb

Be caused by. At this point, the resistance of the filament

is still newer than it is (optionally "Larger", "Smaller" or

"Unchanged"). When operating at normal voltage, its actual

power is compared to the rated power (optionally "large", "small"

or "unchanged"), and the luminous brightness (optionally

"bright", "dark" or "same").

11. The dial of a household energy meter is marked with the words "3000r/kWh", which

indicates:

。If the turntable rotates 15 times in 3 minutes when measuring the power of an

electrical appliance with this energy meter, the work done by the current is kWh= J. The

power of this appliance is W.

12. There is an existing bulb marked with the words "3.6V, 0.9W", to make it connect to

the 6V power supply to shine normally, it should be connected with a resistor, and its

resistance value is

Oh.

Multiple choice questions

1. Judging from the information given by the lamp nameplate (as shown in Figure 8), the

following statement is correct ( )

A. The bulb is suitable for use in a 25 volt circuit

B. The bulb does not emit light when the voltage is below 220 volts

C. The electrical power of the bulb is 25 watts when working under any circumstances

D. When the bulb is working at 220 volts, the electrical power is 25 watts

Figure 9

2. In the circuit shown in Figure 9, the power supply voltage remains unchanged, after the

switch S is closed, adjust the position of the sliding rheostat slide P, when the bulb L

happens to glow normally, the indication of ammeter A is 0.5A, and the indication of

voltmeter V is 2V, then about this circuit, the following judgment is correct ( )

A. The power supply voltage is 2V

B. The rated power of the bulb is 1W

C. If the slide slides to the right again, the bulb may be burned

D. If the slide slides to the right again, A means that the number will decrease, and V

means that the number will increase

3. On the lighting circuit of a student's home, there are two incandescent light bulbs A and

B in use. If lamp B is brighter than lamp A, then ( )

A. The filament resistance of lamp B must be greater than that of lamp A

B. The voltage at both ends of lamp B must be greater than that at both ends of lamp A

C. The work done by the current through lamp B must be more than that of lamp A

D. The amount of charge passing through lamp B must be more than that passing through

lamp A in the same time

4. Connect the two bulbs in series to the power supply, close the switch, and find that the

lamp L1 is brighter than the lamp L2.

A. High current through L1 B. High current through L2

5. There are two bulbs of different specifications L1 "PZ 220V-40W" and L2 "PZ 220V-60W",

connect them to the circuit. The resistance of normal luminescence is R1 and R2,

respectively, then ( )

A．R1> R2 ．B．R1= R2 C．R1< R2

6. (04 Jilin) known R1:R2=2:1, then ( )

A. When connected in series, their current ratio is 2:1 B. When connected in series, their

power ratio is 1:1

C. When connected in parallel, their current ratio is 2:1 D. When connected in parallel,

their voltage ratio is 1:1

12. Figure 10 is an experimental circuit diagram for measuring the resistance and power of

small bulbs by volt-ampere method. When the small bulb is working normally, the

indication of the two meters is shown in Figure 11, then the following statement is

incorrect ( )

Figure 10 Figure 11

A. When connecting the circuit, the switch should be disconnected and the resistance

value of the rheostat should be adjusted to the maximum value

B. The rated power of the small bulb is 0.72W, and the resistance at this time is 8

C. If you slide the slider P towards the a-terminus, the voltmeter will become larger

D. If you slide the slider P towards the b-end, the actual power of the small bulb will be

greater than the rated power

7. (04 Linyi) Two resistance wires are connected in series in the circuit, and the most heat

generated in the same time is ( )

A. Resistance wire with a large passing current

B. Resistance wire with small voltage

C. Resistance wire with large resistance

D. Resistance wire with low resistance

8. (04 Linyi) the two bulbs marked with the words "220V 100W" and "220V 40W" are

connected in series in a 220V circuit, which of the following statements is correct ( )

B. The voltage at both ends of the 40W bulb is higher.

C. The actual power through a 100W bulb is greater than its rated power.

D. The actual power of a 40W bulb is greater than its rated power.

9. Among the following household appliances, the electric heater is ( )

A. Iron B. Fan C. Telephone D. Washing machine

10. (04 Chaoyang District, Beijing) In the home circuit, the direct measurement of

electrical work is ( )

A. Ammeter B. Voltmeter C. Energy Meter D. Resistance Box

11. The electrician usually replaces the fuse with a bulb L0 (inspection bulb) marked "220V

40W" to check the condition of each branch of the newly installed lighting circuit, as shown

in Figure 12. When only S and S1 are closed, L0 does not light up; When only S and S2 are

closed, both L0 and L2 are dark red. When only S and S3 are closed, L0 is positive

Glows often. From this, it can be judged that ( )

A ．The branch where L1 is located is short-circuited

B ．The branch where L2 is located is broken

C. The branch where L3 is located is short-circuited

D. All branches are in good condition

12. In the circuit shown in Figure 13, the power supply voltage remains unchanged, the

switch is closed, and the indication change of A1.A2.V in the process of moving the sliding

vane P of the sliding rheostat to the right is ( )

13. Xiao Liu's business trip coincided with the meter reading day, its electric energy

representation is shown in Figure 14, when returning from a business trip, he found that

there was a 60W desk lamp in his home, check that other electrical appliances have been

cut off from power, and then check the number of the electric energy meter as shown in

Figure 15. Then Xiao Liu travels for as long as ( )

A ．2400h B ．14.4h C ．0.24h D ．240h 图14

Lab questions

1．In experiments to study what factors are related to the heat emitted by energized

conductors. The laboratory provided several flasks containing resistance wires (3 Ω or 6

Ω sizes), thermometers, kerosene (of equal quality), ammeters, sliding rheostats,

power supplies (6 V), switches, and wires. As shown in Figure 16, there are four circuits

following questions:

Figure 16 Figure 17

(1) The relationship between heat and resistance can be studied by using a circuit or

circuit when the current and time are the same. The specifications of the resistance wires

used in the selected circuit at this time should be:

(2) The relationship between heat and current can be studied by using the circuit when the

resistance and time are the same.

(3) During the experiment, if the current through the resistance wire with a resistance

value of 3Ω is as shown in the figure, and the energizing time is 5min, the resistor emits J

heat.

2. As shown in Figure 18B, it is a physical diagram of a student's measurement of the

rated power of a 3.8V small bulb.

(1) After checking that the line is faulty, it is found that there are three connection errors,

which are:

(2) After the above errors are corrected, please draw the circuit diagram under the normal

operation of the circuit in the following box A.

FIGURE 18

(3) After troubleshooting, close the switch again, move the sliding rheostat slide, so that

the small bulb shines normally, and the current representation number is shown in Figure

C, then the rated power of the small bulb is.

3.) Figure 19A shows the circuit diagram of the experiment of "Determining the Power of a

Small Light Bulb", and Figure B shows the experimental circuit that is about to be

connected, in which the power supply is three new dry batteries, the rated voltage of the

bulb is 3.8V, the resistance of the filament is about 10Ω, and the sliding rheostat is marked

with the words "10Ω 1A".

FIGURE 19

(1) According to the circuit diagram, replace the wire with a pen line, and connect the

unconnected part of the experimental circuit shown in Figure 19B.

(2) When the switch of the circuit is closed, if the following abnormal phenomena occur

(see the following table):

order

Irregularities in the circuit

Possible

causes

The

brightness of

the lights

The current

is indicated

in I/A

The voltage

is expressed

in U/V

armor Not lit 0.54 0 _

second Very bright 0.42 4.2 _

third Not lit 0 4.5 _

Please select the possible cause from the following options and fill in the above table (just

fill in the option code)

A. Intermittent circuit A and B in the circuit

B. Short circuit between A and B in the circuit

C. The resistance of the sliding rheostat connected to the circuit is too small

(3) In order to measure the rated power of the small bulb, the sliding rheostat should be

adjusted so that the voltage representation is V, if the indication of the ammeter is shown

in Figure 19C, the current reading is A, and the rated power of the bulb is W.

4. Figure 20 is a physical diagram of measuring the rated power of a small bulb with a

rated voltage of 3.8V

(1) Replace the wire with a drawn line and connect the circuit completely.

(2) When the switch is closed, the sliding blade P of the rheostat is moved to the position

in the figure, the voltage indication number is 3.8V, and the current indication number is

0.5A, please mark the position pointed by the ammeter pointer with an arrow in Figure 21.

(3) The rated power of the small bulb is W.

(4) To dim the bulb, the rheostat slide should be moved to (optional "left" or "right").

Figure 20 Figure 21

5. Liu Xia and Li Hua did the experiment of "measuring the power of small bulbs", and

connected the experimental circuit according to the circuit diagram shown in Figure 22, in

which the power supply is three new dry batteries, and the rated voltage of the bulb is

3.8V. During the experiment of the closing switch, they found some abnormal phenomena

and made the following records, please help them analyze the causes.

FIGURE 22

order

Irregularities in the circuit

cause

The brightness of

the lights

Current

indication

number/A

Voltage

indication

number/V

armor Not lit 0 4.5

secon

Very bright 0.42 4.2

third Not lit 0.45 0

6. As shown in Figure 23, the rated voltage of the small bulb is 3.8V, and the power supply

voltage is not more than 3V.

(1). In order to do the experiment of "changing the current with a sliding rheostat", the

equipment used has been connected into a part of the circuit. If the sliding blade P of the

sliding rheostat is required to move to the right, the current in the small bulb becomes

larger, and a wire is drawn in the original diagram to form a circuit that meets the

requirements;

(2). In order to do the experiment of "measuring the resistance of the small bulb", please

connect the voltmeter to both ends of the small bulb. Close the switch S after connecting

the correct circuit, and the pointer position of the two meters is shown in Figure 24, then

the voltage at both ends of the small bulb is V, the current in the small bulb is A, and the

resistance of the bulb is .

Figure 23 Figure 24

7. When measuring the electric power of the small bulb, the current through the small bulb

is measured with an ammeter, and the voltage at both ends of the small bulb is measured

with an electric meter meter, and the data in the following table is obtained, wherein in

the third experiment, the current representation number is shown in Figure 25.

FIGURE 25

(1) In the third experiment, the current is expressed in amps, and the bulb power is in

watts.

(2) What did you find by analyzing the data in the table? (write one)

Comprehensive questions

1. The following table is the nameplate of the WEINIG double bucket washing machine

Weili double-barrel washing

machine

Rated washing

capacity

6Kg Model XPB60-15SA

Rated dewatering

capacity

6Kg Rated voltage 220V～

Rated wash input

power

400W Rated frequency 50Hz

Rated dewatering

input rate

160W

Production license

number

XK16—

0060042

Find out when the washing machine is working at the rated voltage:

(1) When the washing motor and the dehydrator motor rotate at the same time, what is

the current through the power cord of the washing machine?

(2) When washing clothes, the washing time is 15min, and the dehydration time is 3min,

how much electricity does the washing machine consume?

2. As shown in Figure 26, the power supply voltage remains unchanged, the lamp L is

marked with the words "6V, 3W", R1 is a certain value of resistance, and the maximum

resistance of the sliding rheostat is R. When the switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed, the

lamp L emits light normally, and the current representation number is 1.1A; when S1

closes S2 and S3 and is disconnected, the current representation number is 0.3A, and the

sliding vane of the sliding rheostat is at the midpoint. (Let the filament resistance remain

unchanged)

Find: (1) the resistance of lamp L;

(2) power supply voltage;

(3) Resistance values of resistance R1 and R.

FIGURE 26

3. A Japanese friend gave Xiaohong's father two electric kettles, the specifications are

"110V500W" and "110V100W", but they cannot be used in my country's home circuits

alone. Xiaohong thought: Since the rated voltage of the two appliances is 110V, then they

can be used in series and connected to the home.

(1) Does Xiaohong's solution work? Why?

(2) What should I do if I want to use the "110V500W" electric kettle alone?

4. After learning the knowledge of electricity and heat, Xiaohua learned through

experiments that heating 20 °C and 15kg of water to 100 °C with an electric kettle

requires 1.05 yuan of electricity. To do the same experiment with a gas stove, you need to

consume 0.42 yuan of gas. The specific heat capacity of water is known to be 4.2×103

J/(kg.). ℃ ）。

(1) If the same experiment is done with a coal furnace, it is known that the calorific value

of anthracite used in coal furnace combustion is 3.4×107J/kg, assuming that the thermal

energy utilization rate of coal furnace is 20%, and the price of anthracite is 0.34 yuan/kg.

How much does it cost?

(2) If a certain area can provide electricity, gas, and coal at the same time, from the

perspective of economy and environmental protection, what kind of fuel would you

recommend? Please explain why.

5. In household appliances, there are many electrical appliances whose electrical power is

not the same, and the following table lists the electrical power of some household

appliances in Xiao Ming's house.

The rated power of household appliances

Electrical

appliances

Electrical

power

Electrical

appliances

Electrical

power

Electrical

appliances

Electrical

power

air

conditioning

1000W Iron 500W refrigerator 100W

microwave

oven

1000W washer 500W fan 100W

Electric kettle 1000W television set 200W flashlight 0.5W

kitchen hood 800W computer 200W calculator 0.5mW

If Xiao Ming uses an electronic computer in a room with the air conditioner on, and the

electric kettle is boiling water, if only these appliances (one for each) are working normally

in the house, in this case, please calculate:

(1) What is the total power and total current of the circuit?

(2) If you use an average of 3 hours a day, how many kilowatt hours of electricity will be

used in a month (calculated as 30 days)?

6. Xiao Qiang's family bought a new electric kettle (Figure 27), and he wanted to use some

equipment around him to measure the thermal efficiency of the electric kettle (that is, the

efficiency of converting electricity into internal energy of water).

(1) Please help him design a measurement plan. Requirements: Write the physical quantity

to be measured, the equipment required, and the expression for calculating the thermal

efficiency η.

(2) Please put forward two improvement measures to improve the thermal efficiency of the

electric kettle.

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