Based on the American “constitution,” which internal and external stakeholders, in the policy making
process, possess “constitutional legitimacy” for their role in making public policy? Do entities with
explicit power have more influence than those entities with implied powers in making public policy?
Should they? Why or why not?
According to Milakovich & Gordon (2012, p. 13), "The U.S. Constitution is silent on the subject of
public administration and management, except to refer to Congress's legislative authorization and
appropriation authority and the president's responsibility to " faithfully execute the laws"." I honestly
believe that the constitution needs to update because the intent and language is more than likely
outdated. According to Sedler (2016, p.267), there are four components to American Federal system,
which are the following state sovereignty and constitutional limitations on state power, the powers of
the federal government, the relationship between the states. Selder going on to say, " The american
federal system has evolved over a period of time as a result of the Supreme Court's interpreatation of
the provisions of the Constitution dealing with federal and state power and the Court's development of
constitutional policy with respect to the nature and operation of the American federal system. "
According to Milakovich & Gordon (2012, p.11), stakeholders are defined as bureaucrats, elected
officials, groups of citizen, and organized and unorganized interests affected by the decisions of federal,
state, and local governments; those having a stake in the outcomes of public policies." I believe those
with explicit power do have more influence with making public policy. Influence also occurs in voting,
petitioning, lobbying and corporate governance. Stakeholders can back a political-party official with
money and specifically push for the given individual to act on there best interest. I believe we seen this
all the time with presidential candidates and the organizations and companies that back a given
candidate. The level of influence varies on the issue and willingness of the individual in local, state, or
federal official.
In the Titus 3:1-2 (Amplified Bible), it says, " REmind people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to
be obedient, to be ready and willing to do good. To slander or abuse no one, to be kind and conciliatory
and gentle, showing unqualified consideration and courtesy toward everyone."
Reference
Milakovich, M. E., Gordon, G. J. (20120101). Public Administration in America, 11th Edition
[VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from vbk://9781133712909
Robert A. Sedler, The Constitution and the American Federal System: An Update,
61 Wayne L. Rev. 267 (2016).
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