Question 1
2 out of 2 points
An important component of the informatics infrastructure is:
Selected
Answer:
b.
establishment and adoption of standards to support semantic
interoperability.
Response
Feedback: Establishment and adoption of standards at multiple levels are
important components of the informatics infrastructure. The standard
quality metrics must define standard value sets, taxonomies, concept
codes, attributes, and data structures. Organizations must adopt the
same standards for quality measurements and reporting. Standard
clinical content needs to be adopted and used in the electronic
systems, and the content should be represented by standard data
terminologies.
Question 2
2 out of 2 points
What is the primary reason to back up data entered into electronic health records?
Selected
Answer:
a.
In the event of a system failure, the EHR system can be recovered
with accurate data.
Response
Feedback: The key reason is that if a system fails and data is lost or data integrity
is in question, available backups allow the system to be recovered with
accurate and complete data. The work of physicians, billing, and the
interface engine all depend on a complete and accurate recovered
system but are single functions rather than the overarching, key
reason to do complete backups.
Question 3
2 out of 2 points
ICD-9 and ICD-10 are examples of which category of terminology?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Billing code
Response
Feedback: ICD-9 and ICD-10 are examples of billing codes—codes used for
reimbursement.
Question 4
2 out of 2 points
Which organization works on an international level to improve information privacy?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Electronic Frontier Foundation
(EFF)
Response The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) maintains a website listing
Feedback: international privacy-related accords and agreements. The Health and
Human Services Office of Civil Rights, Health Information Security and
Privacy Collaboration (HISPC), and Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) are all examples of federal and/or state
organizations.
Question 5
2 out of 2 points
Which examples are natural disasters that could affect IT systems?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Flood, earthquake,
hurricane
Response
Feedback: Floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes are natural disasters. Bombs
and terrorist attacks are man-made disasters.
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
The process of knowledge discovery and data mining is best characterized as:
Selected
Answer:
d.
machine learning, use of statistical methods, and large amounts of
data.
Response
Feedback: Knowledge discovery and data mining (KDDM) is a process in which
machine learning and statistical methods are applied to analyze large
amounts of data.
Question 7
0 out of 2 points
A system that incorporates evidence-based content and clinical decision support
includes:
Selected
Answer:
d.
providing real-time updates to the order item master.
Response
Feedback: Using Tall Man lettering for select medication is the only example of
clinical decision support. Building multiple aliases, enforcing CMS-
approved abbreviations, and providing real-time updates to the order
item master are examples of building specific safety protocols into the
EHR system.
Question 8
2 out of 2 points
A large medical center that specializes in high-risk pregnancies is implementing an
entire suite of clinical applications such as CPOE, barcode medication
administration (BCMA), nursing documentation, data acquisition system to collect
clinical data from cardiac and fetal monitors and ventilators, laboratory system,
radiology system, PACS, and cardiology. It has a large, highly skilled, experienced
IT team. The project team decided to go with a Big Bang go-live versus an
incremental or phased approach. Which factor best supports this decision?
Selected
Answer:
a.
The Big Bang approach decreases the possibility of errors.
Response
Feedback: Big Bang decreases the possibility of errors because physicians do not
have to use different workflows in different departments or units. Users
also have high levels of support in the initial days. Big Bang will have a
major negative impact on productivity initially with a gradual return to
baseline. The incremental approach is best suited for organizations
with small IT departments and minimal support personnel. It also
typically will increase the overall costs of the project.
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
The emergence of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram marked
the turn toward:
Selected
Answer:
c.
Health 2.0.
Response
Feedback: In the first days of the internet, ePatients could perform simple web
searches to learn medical information, a period known as Health 1.0.
When social media emerged, the new capabilities for interaction,
networking, and engagement among users marked the advent of
Health 2.0. The current stage of predictive content seems to be
marking yet another advance toward Web 3.0 and Health 3.0.
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
What is a negative impact of the increased use of mobile devices in transmitting
health data?
Selected
Answer:
a.
They increase the risk of a security breach.
Response
Feedback: The largest downfall to the increased use of mobile devices is the
increased risk for a security breach. The increased access for
providers is a positive impact. Mobile devices have been proven to
increase productivity rather than decrease it, and there is no evidence
supporting an increase in medication errors due to mobile devices.
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following activities would be considered project management?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Overseeing a team of eight that’s working for the next 3 months to
create a new billing form
Response Project management is the oversight of a temporary endeavor or
Feedback: project to create a unique deliverable. The key points are being in
charge, and the fact that the endeavor has a specific goal and a
definite beginning and end. Of the above, only overseeing a team
working on creating a billable form would be considered project
management.
Question 12
2 out of 2 points
The overarching purpose of portfolio management is what?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Determining the best mix of resources for scheduling and
implementing numerous projects
Response
Feedback: Portfolio management involves overseeing numerous, often unrelated,
projects and programs. It involves trade-offs of “unlimited wants” and
“limited resources” and can best be described as determining how to
apply the resources one has in the most advantageous way, across
varied projects and programs.
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
Which is an example of healthcare IT physical infrastructure?
Selected
Answer:
d.
Biomedical devices
Response
Feedback: PACS, data warehouses, and anesthesia systems are all IT
infrastructure; only biomedical devices are part of an IT system’s
physical infrastructure.
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
A health analytics professional must be skilled in all of the following except:
Selected
Answer:
d.
management and economics.
Response
Feedback: A health analytics professional must have wide skills, from knowledge
of healthcare operations, to understanding computer hacking and
programming enough to be able to manipulate data, to understanding
mathematics and statistics. He or she, however, does not generally
need management or economics training.
Question 15
2 out of 2 points
Which activity or intervention is the least helpful to the success of an EHR
implementation?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Schedule the go-live date for a Monday when everyone is fresh for
the new workweek.
Response
Feedback: It is best to avoid Monday or Friday as the go-live date, because the
healthcare clinic may be at its busiest and vendor support personnel
may be less available.
Question 16
2 out of 2 points
At which stage of defining requirements are tools for analyzing strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats useful?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Interview and observe staff
Response
Feedback: The SWOT analysis is useful when preparing to interview current staff
and stakeholders, to help learn what questions to ask in order to get
the clearest picture of the current systems in place and the needs for
the future.
Question 17
2 out of 2 points
Which of these best describes an example of usability?
Selected
Answer:
c.
A researcher is conducting a study of how nurses interact with
electronic documentation to organize care handoffs.
Response
Feedback: An example of usability would be when a researcher is conducting a
study of how nurses interact with electronic documentation to organize
care handoffs. The other items describe ergonomics, non-HIT
workflow, and education/training.
Question 18
2 out of 2 points
If an unplanned total network outage occurs with all systems affected during the
week at 1300 hours and there is no estimated time to recovery announced, which
downtime level should be assigned?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Level 4
Response
Feedback: Unplanned outage of all systems and the network at the busiest time
for the business and patient care is the highest risk outage for an
organization, or level 4. Levels 1, 2, and 3 are all lower risk than level
4 in this scenario.
Question 19
2 out of 2 points
Secure PHR messaging refers to the capacity to:
Selected a.
Answer: send messages from patients to providers via a tethered PHR.
Response
Feedback: Secure PHR messaging refers to the capacity to send messages
from patients to providers via a tethered PHR.
Question 20
0 out of 2 points
Which statement is true?
Selected
Answer:
c.
By 2014, 90% of Americans had smartphones.
Response
Feedback: In the U.S., 13% of Hispanics and 12% of African Americans rely on
their cellphone for connection to the internet, three times as many as
the 4% of whites who do. By 2014, 90% of Americans had cellphones,
but not all were smartphones. Of people worldwide, 37% have a
smartphone, but a much larger percent has at least a basic cellphone.
And as of June 2015, 44.1% of all U.S. adults no longer had land-line
telephones.
Question 21
2 out of 2 points
Which is most available throughout Africa?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Mobile phone
service
Response
Feedback: Mobile phone coverage is very widespread throughout Africa, with
most countries at least 80% covered by phone service. In contrast,
other infrastructure such as electricity, clean water, and sewerage are
lagging behind. Mobile coverage’s reach helps explain why it has
become such a crucial technology for healthcare workers on the
continent.
Question 22
2 out of 2 points
Which system is an example of a core clinical application?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Electronic health record
Response
Feedback: The electronic health record is a core clinical application because it is
used for every patient in every care situation. The scheduling system
and claim scrubbers are revenue cycle applications. The physiologic
monitoring system is an ancillary or specialty area system.
Question 23
2 out of 2 points
In the future, social media in healthcare is likely to be:
Selected
Answer:
a.
widely used and deeply
integrated.
Response
Feedback: Social media’s reach continues to expand, even to areas and
demographics traditionally underserved. Social media is already
deeply integrated into the “tapestry” of healthcare, and is likely to
continue to be increasingly so.
Question 24
2 out of 2 points
The FDA has announced that it will require premarket approval for mHealth apps
that:
Selected
Answer:
c.
act as ECG machines.
Response
Feedback: A portable ECG machine is considered high-risk by the FDA and will
require premarket approval. All of the other selections are considered
lower risk, and the FDA will only exercise “regulatory discretion” over
them.
Question 25
2 out of 2 points
SERMO for MDs and ANA’s NurseSpace are two examples of what kind of social
media structure?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Provider-Provider
Response
Feedback: SERMO and NurseSpace exemplify social media resources meant to
connect providers with other providers in order to exchange
experiences and clinical information.
Question 26
2 out of 2 points
You are part of a knowledge management team that is interested in improving the
user experience for your organization. The team members know you have taken a
course in informatics and ask your advice about how to get started with usability in
the organization. You recommend:
Selected
Answer:
d.
examining the support call lists and system change requests.
Response
Feedback: The first step is to understand the key users’ issues, and support call
lists and change requests would give that information.
Question 27
2 out of 2 points
A nurse forgets to walk a patient during the nurse’s shift. This is an example of an
error of:
Selected
Answer:
c.
omission.
Response
Feedback: Forgetting to do something that is required for a patient would be
considered an error of omission. Doing the wrong thing would be
considered an error of commission. Condition and remission are not
considered error types.
Question 28
0 out of 2 points
The “digital divide” refers to:
Selected
Answer:
b.
the gap between the current security of PHRs and the security
needed for PHRs to become more prevalent.
Response
Feedback: The digital divide refers to lower adoption and use of information
technologies among individuals from ethnic minorities, of lower
socioeconomic status, and of older age.
Question 29
2 out of 2 points
The NIC system includes:
Selected
Answer:
a.
interventions for illness prevention.
Response
Feedback: The NIC system includes interventions for illness
prevention.
Question 30
2 out of 2 points
The NANDA-I classification is a:
Selected
Answer:
b.
set of nursing diagnoses of actual problems, risks, and health
enhancement needs.
Response
Feedback: The NANDA-I classification is a set of nursing diagnoses of actual
problems, risks, and health enhancement needs.
Question 31
2 out of 2 points
A case manager wants to communicate with her clients on a regular basis by
sending short messages that encourage health promotion tips. The tool best suited
for this task is:
Selected
Answer:
a.
microblogging
.
Response
Feedback: Clients may benefit from short, directed messages; thus microblogging
(a form of short messages) is the most appropriate. The other choices
(Facebook, e-mail, and Second Life) are not appropriate for sending
short messages.
Question 32
2 out of 2 points
When commercial software is distributed, typically:
Selected
Answer:
d.
the source code is withheld.
Response
Feedback: Generally, commercial software companies release and distribute the
executable or object code for their software but hold back the actual
source code as a trade secret.
Question 33
2 out of 2 points
Which definition most accurately describes privacy?
Selected
Answer:
d.
The rights of individuals to control access to their person or
information about themselves
Response
Feedback: Privacy is the rights of individuals to control access to their person or
information about themselves. Security is defined as the means to
ensure health record privacy and confidentiality. Data integrity is
defined as the accuracy and completeness of health information. A
threat is an act that has the potential to cause harm to an informational
asset.
Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Studying a project’s potential opportunities is part of what area of management?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Risk
Response
Feedback: Risk management deals not only with the threats a project faces, but
also with its opportunities. Scenarios that help or hinder a project must
be considered, and risks must be identified. Every opportunity also has
its commensurate risks and trade-offs, which are aspects of the project
that the risk manager analyzes.
Question 35
2 out of 2 points
When evaluating responses to an RFP, which consideration would be least useful
as part of typical system evaluation criteria?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Vendor’s future development plans
Response
Feedback: Vendors will likely want to tout their future plans. However, when
evaluating the responses to an RFP, it is important to know what can
be delivered, configured, and implemented at the actual time of need,
rather than what may be possible in the months and years to come.
Question 36
2 out of 2 points
What is the difference between the safe harbor and expert determination methods
of de-identifying data?
Selected
Answer:
a.
The safe harbor method involves removal of 18 types of identifiers, and
the expert determination method involves the application of statistical
or scientific models.
Response
Feedback: The safe harbor method involves removal of 18 types of identifiers,
and the expert determination method involves the application of
statistical or scientific models to de-identify data. None of the other
options accurately describes these two methods.
Question 37
2 out of 2 points
A unit has been experiencing a high rate of patient falls for the past 3 months.
According to Donabedian’s model, patient falls would be considered:
Selected
Answer:
b.
outcome.
Response
Feedback: The end results of the structures and processes are considered
outcomes. These may include clinical outcomes. The measurement of
patient falls is considered an outcome.
Question 38
2 out of 2 points
Which measure is most important for evaluating the performance of classifiers,
models that predict class membership?
Selected
Answer:
b.
Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
curve
Response
Feedback: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is
the most important overall measure of classifier performance.
Question 39
2 out of 2 points
Which example constitutes an internal security event?
Selected
Answer:
c.
A system administrator installed a new server without any security
measures.
Response
Feedback: Internal events are those perpetrated (usually accidentally) by people
within an institution. A system administrator not taking proper security
measures would be an example of this. The remaining examples are
all external events.
Question 40
2 out of 2 points
A nurse uses a CDS system to make an informed clinical decision regarding a drug
dosage ordered for a patient. According to Donabedian’s model, this would be
considered:
Selected
Answer:
a.
process.
Response
Feedback: The managerial and clinical processes in place to support the
provision of care are all included under the process component. The
use of a CDS system is considered process.
Question 41
2 out of 2 points
Who is most likely to seek health information from social network sites?
Selected
Answer:
c.
Those living with chronic
conditions
Response
Feedback: The text states that caregivers and those with chronic conditions are
the groups of people most likely to seek health information from
social network sites.
Question 42
2 out of 2 points
When evaluating quality and patient safety, which approach defines the framework
for Patient Safety and Quality Research Design (PSQRD)?
Selected
Answer:
a.
Quality and safety are based on organizational structure, management
and clinical processes, and their linkages to patient outcomes.
Response
Feedback: According to Donabedian, quality is based on organizational structure,
processes, and their linkages to patient outcomes. Consideration of
current managerial processes in place has a latent effect on patient
outcomes. The framework for PSQRD builds upon Donabedian’s
structure-process-outcome model to support evaluation of an
intervention from the preimplementation testing phase through
implementation and evaluation. In the case of a health information
technology (IT) intervention, the expanded framework supports
understanding where the health IT intervention is most likely to have
an effect, within the organizational causal chain of quality and safety
events. The PSQRD framework provides a means to categorize
interventions according to areas of the causal chain targeted.
Question 43
2 out of 2 points
You want to make sure you consider crucial components as you design your first
usability study. One of these components is to consider users and their
characteristics. Other components are:
Selected
Answer:
d.
a developmental timeline, tasks, information, product, and
context.
Response
Feedback: Crucial components as you design your first usability study include a
developmental timeline, tasks, information, product, and context. The
HHCI describes elements to consider.
Question 44
2 out of 2 points
Healthcare providers should friend patients only if:
Selected
Answer:
c.
they understand their social media policy at work.
Response
Feedback: There is no law prohibiting friending patients. Professional guidelines
and social media policies should outline the instances when friending
is possible.
Question 45
2 out of 2 points
A nurse gives a patient the wrong drug. This is an example of an error of:
Selected
Answer:
c.
commission.
Response
Feedback: Doing the wrong thing would be considered an error of commission.
Forgetting to do something that is required for a patient would be
considered an error of omission. Condition and remission are not
considered error types.
Question 46
Needs Grading
3. Discuss reasons why clinicians may be reluctant to change their current practice to
accommodate the principles of participatory medicine.
Selected
Answer: According to Okun and Caligtan (2018, p. 210), participatory medicine as
defined by the Society for Participatory Medicine, “a cooperative model of
healthcare that encourages and expects active involvement by all connected
parties, including patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals, as integral to
the full continuum of care. The “participatory” concept may also be applied to
fitness, nutrition, mental health, end-of-life care, and all issues broadly related to
an individual's health. Participatory healthcare also requires ePatients and
clinicians to use a variety of data sources to genuinely collaborate on shared
goals and decision making for improved health and outcomes (Okun & Caligtan,
2018, p. 210). Moreover, the patient is gradually becoming self-aware of his/her
lifestyle, understanding how his/her own decisions can have an influence on
his/her health state (Bragazzi, 2013).
For participatory medicine to work effectively, the patients must be
empowered to research and make their own decisions in controlling their own
healthcare. However, current models may not be structured to support
patient-centeredness and even well-intentioned clinicians may find it difficult
to allocate sufficient time and resources to fully engage with ePatients (Okun
& Caligtan, 2018, p. 210). Other challenges that providers face include
organizational and institutional difficulties, minimal academic courses, and a
lack of motivation and interest (Bragazzi, 2013). Given enough time, training,
and resources, this model will help improve patient care outcomes by
allowing ePatients to collaborate effectively with their practitioners pertaining
to their care.
References
Bragazzi, N. (2013). From P0 to P6 medicine, a model of highly participatory,
narrative, interactive, and “augmented” medicine: Some considerations on
salvatore Iaconesi’s clinical story. Patient Preference and Adherence,
353. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s38578
Okun, S. & Caligtan, C. A. (2018). The engaged epatient. In R. Nelson & N.
Staggers (Eds.), Health informatics: an interprofessional approach (2nd ed., pp.
204-218). Elsevier Health Sciences.
Response
Feedback
:
[None Given]
Sunday, August 2, 2020 1:40:41 PM EDT
