Ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
CN VIII
vestibulochochlear nerve
auditory nerve
part of the vestibulochochlear nerve
ask about hearing loss
conduction hearing loss or sensorineural loss
conduction loss
issues with ear, ear canal or ossicles
sensorineural loss
damage to the inner ear,cochlear nerve, central connections to the brain/ permanant
medications that affect hearing
aminoglycosides, aspirin, nosteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) quinine and furosemide
Otalgia
ear pain, within the ear is primary, referred is when the infection is in the mouth throat or neck
with earaches ask about
hot tubs, baths, swimming did they go under the water, do they have cold, fevers, chills
with ears is there any discharge
does it smell, is it pus, or ear wax
acute otitis externa or acute otitis media has what discharge
yellow-green, usually a pop felt before drainage
Tinnitus
sound from no external stimulus, a rushing or musical ringing, happens more as you age,
vertigo
feeling of dizziness
dizzy in the legs, unsteady or lightheaded
could be cardiovascular
feeling of being pulled
true vertigo from the inner ear or CN VIII
rhinorrhea
runny nose
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
epistaxis
bloody nose
oral contraceptives, reserpine, guanethidine and alcohol
may cause stuffiness
hemoptysis
bleeding from the lungs
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
nasal sprays can cause the
rebound effect, causing inflammation and congestion
chondrodermatitis helicis
lesions on the ear, inflammation, due to stress on ear
tophi
nodules due to build up of uric acid/gout
cutaneous cyst
benign, some have cheese foul smelling odor, have to excise the whole thing wall and all, no antibiotics
needed
rheumatoid nodules
same thing as the nuckle swelling in RA
movement of the pinnae and tragus (tug test)
painful in otitis externa
tug test not painful but tenderness behind the ear is
otitis media
tympanosclerosis
scarring process, deposition of hyaline and calcium and phosphate crystals in the middle ear, can entrap
the ossicles and cause conductive hearing loss
normal eardrum with cone
serous effusion
caused by viral upper respiratory infections or sudden changes in atmospheric pressure,
acute otitis media with purulent effusion
caused by bacteria S pneumoniae or H influenzae, get earache fever, hearing loss, may lead to
spontanous rupture
bullous myringitis
hemorrhagic vescles that appear on the tympanic membrane, ear canal or both, get blood-tinged
discharge with this one
hoarseness
smoking, allergies, voice abuse, hyperthyroidism, tuberculosis
viral rhinitis
mucosa red and swollen
allergic rhinitis
mucosa is pale, bluish or red
aphthous ulcers
cankers or mouth ulcers
symmetry of the tongue
shows CNXII or the hypoglossal nerve is good
if the uvula does not rise then what nerve is off
CN X
dys·pha·gia
difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease.
xerostomia
dry mouth
thrush on the palate, brought on by antibiotics and corticosteroids also seen in aids
candida
Diphtheria corynebacterium diphtheriae
gray exudate on uvula pharynx and tongue
koplik spots is an early sign of
measles (small white specks on the buccal mucosa)
weber test (with tuning fork on head)
detects lateralization
Rhinne test
tuning for air versus bone conduction
with the rinne test ac
air conduction
