NSEC 501 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Changes in the Intelligence Community ASSIGNMENT 2023.pdf

Changes in the Intelligence Community

National Security Structure and Responsibilities

NSEC501

effective research and planification due to his significant role in the affairs of the United States.

Through a group of governmental agencies, the U.S. has developed one of the strongest and

reliable sources of intel, with the only sole purpose of supporting the President, foreign and

domestic affairs, and interest abroad. In this paper, I will be addressing changes in the intel

community and how it impacted the way the President received support. Also included are a few

key points and recommendations that has increased community effectiveness.

Structural Changes in the Intel Community

Today, the intelligence community is composed of over eighteen agencies and

organizations. Two are operating independents: Office of the Director of National Security and

the Central Intelligence Agencies. Nine other agencies from The Department of Defense (DoD)

examples and has an emphasis and primary focus in domestic affairs (Members of IC, 2021).

The U.S. government relies heavily on the intelligence community and when it comes to

operations and nonstop intel analysis, the IC never ceases to stop gathering information. Before

the U.S. intelligence community became what we have seen today, they first operated with a

limited budget of $40,000 per year (Stevenson, 2013). They were assigned to support spies and

dealing with ops in the 19th century, resulting in small efforts and sporadic impacts, which

observed increases in activities during war time. The IC budget in the 21st century, is divided into

two components: National Intelligence Program, and Military Intelligence. This includes all

programs without limited projects and clandestine activities, and joint DNS and head of the

department, or DNI and the President. The MIP is dedicated to intelligence activities conducted

by the US military, in support of the DoD with a budget of $23.3 billion, which was recently

approved for the previous FY 2021 (Department of Defense Release, 2021). Furthermore, a

financial effort allocated to the NIP, had a sum of $60.8 billion (DNI Release Appropriate

Budget, 2021) for a total whole amount of $84.1 billion approved by Congress.

Changes

Secret operations increased during World War II. Reasons for this was the creation of the

gathering. No longer by agents in the field conducting surveillance or other methods of

Cold War Era

One of the most significant times where the IC was first challenged in a defiant way was

during the Cold War at the beginning of 1947. During this war, America had one principal

enemy, the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) which were considered a dangerous but simple time (Zegart,

2022). Prolonged for approximately forty years; the duration of the policies created at the time

were designed to observe U.S.S. R’s reaction. The initial objective of the U.S.S.R. was an

expansion of their domain while spreading communism and ideology, departing from the idea of

Marxism-Leninism. The Bolshevik revolution in Russia offered the most immediate, drastic

Party, Nikita Khrushchev, promised nuclear power to Cuban. The view of communism from the

U.S.S.R., and their proximity to the U.S., has caused serious alarm and concern after a launching

site was spotted by a surveillance aircraft. This site could enable an attack reaching as far east of

the United States. This was brought to the attention of the President by the NSC options, such as

bombing and invading while conducting counter-intelligence operations in Cuba but concluding

a more diplomatic approach when naval blockades were set in place (Davies, 2019). The Bay of

Pig was the famous failure intervention of the U.S. government to remove Fidel Castro from

power, by providing weapons to over a thousand local nationals in 1961. This attempt was made

to enable a government coup in Cuba, in which the plan failed and worsened the U.S.-Cuba

relationship.

Operation Pluto (Valdes-Dapena Vivanco, 2016). On the same day, a Cuban Study Group

investigated a cover operation on Cuba created by the CIA. Cuban Missile Crisis ended in a

more reasonable time and simultaneously, a period of turmoil was arising in Vietnam. This

period, which lasted until the end of the 60’s, was a situation described after a series of historical

events. The world had changed to a simpler standpoint and simple politics, noting that the U.S.

and the USSR were the only two superpowers at that time (Davies, 2019). The Cold War era IC

was characterized by a cover up operation and in some instance was criticized by the public and

2013).

Post 9/11

change their structure and move to a more contemporary direction. As the new challenges

Failure has been the reason to promote change historically and the solution has been more

practical rather than preventive. A notable change in the IC during this period with the

implementation of the DNI was an attempt to develop a more structured procedure. This

procedure failed due to lack of direction and budget authority. The DNI has direct operational

control over only a few components or agencies of the IC, relying mostly in interagency

coordination. Thomas Fingar addressed the limited impact of the IC due to ambiguity,

ambivalence, and animosity, and highlighted the elements that resist a vision of single enterprise

The current IC structure tend to do slightly changes with every other new administration,

in this case one of the most notorious since the Cold War Era, was the USA Patriot Act. created

measures to prevent, detect, and prosecute international money laundering and other activities

supported by the country illegal sub-economy (Stevenson, 2013). Furthermore, this law well

Agency (NSA) were forbidden from targeting U.S. citizen unless their considered agent of

foreign power. FISA was amendment in 2008 allowing the NSA monitored domestic

communication without a warrant (Jones, 2019). Most recent the challenges affecting us a more

conducted in the cyberspace, how actors can use our platforms and inventions against our

country. Security advantage in this world means that intelligence agencies must find new ways to

work with private sector companies to combat online threats and harness commercial technology

advances (Zeagart, 2022) in where nefarious actors employ deception, subterfuge, and advance

technology theft. To meet these challenges, they have invested in infrastructure hardening, and

even creating cyber offense, and defense in department such the US Army to mention and

example.

like the CIA act as the President personal sword of power in foreign lands if all else fails and this

without congressional intervention (Stevenson, 2013). To the President disposition

implementation of power, a variety of agencies are dedicated to enable the Executive Branch

Technology have brought closer and facilitate in most cases the intelligence gathering

property. Russia utilized Facebook platform and Twitter to wage information warfare misguiding

information. Some dangerous terrorist group used recruiting videos and Google earth to plan

their attacks, since today facilities such a military installation and other federal government

building can be observe in the open-source web. With these challenges of the digital age,

agencies like the CIA gather and analyze information to help policy makers understand the

present and anticipate the future (Zegart, 2022).

Early this year the US Space Force (USSF) became the 18th member of the IC to address

an increasing necessity not just for the cyberspace but the space itself. Under the presidency of

Donald Trump this new branch of the DoD seeks to address in a more direct manner the rapid

evolving future and secured this domain. With the intention of providing capabilities to our joint

military forces the focus. By sharing intelligence space-related information they are whiling to

increase the intelligence activities to achieve effect and value execution of the mission. Some of

the major efforts are allocated to interlink satellite communication and development of ballistic

the Homeland Security with the DEA since in occasion their mission border line one with

To the USSF intelligence a more specific mission needs to be highlighter this to allow

them to delegate responsibilities withing the IC community this will not only outline the

importance of this branch for the incoming future but as well will facilitate the assignment of

funding necessary for the proper operation of a branch. The public needs to be oriented in how

they conduct their mission so that they can receive the proper support other than just being

waiting for the other member as such example the NSC.

A form of share point cloud base for interagency communication in the IC community

with remote access and proper need to-know access. For those users with clearance could allow

rapid access to information from other agencies. Otherwise, will take time and request subject to

approval this type of collaboration such as this will save time, eliminate process, and even

increase the efficiency of those department with such access. The amount of information being

passed in between agencies will be essential in cases in where those department work in

planification when this could be easily being solve by remove the multiple point of failure.

In the Old Testament we can read the stories of spies which often where send forward to

observe and gather information to conduct future operation or even attacks. In the book of

Joshua, they talk about an agreement between Rahab who was protecting two spies prior an

participant in the back training and building relations and team cohesion (2007, Holy Bible NIV,

Joshua 6:17). This is with the intention of feet the National Security agenda for those forces

being trained.