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Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology
Due Mar 17 at 11:59pm
Points 50
Questions 50
Time Limit 100 Minutes
Instructions
Attempt History
Attempt Time Score
LATEST Attempt 1 52 minutes 50 out of 50
Correct answers are hidden.
Score for this quiz: 50 out of 50
Submitted Mar 11 at 11:01am
This attempt took 52 minutes.
Question 1
1 / 1 pts
Inhibit the Na -Cl co-transporter in the renal distal tubules
Inhibit the Na -Cl -K co-transporter in the renal tubules
Tend to reduce renal concentrating ability
Tend to cause hyperkalemia
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
The quiz:
Covers the Learn material from Module 5: Week 5.
Contains 50 multiple-choice and multiple answerquestions.
Is limited to 100 minutes.
Allows 1 attempt.
Is worth 50 points.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module 5: Week 5.
Long-term administration of furosemide would:
+ –
+ – +
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3/14/24, 8:05 AM
Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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Increased new renal production of HCO3
Increased urine pH
Decreased excretion of NH
Decreased plasma anion gap
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule, renal corpuscle
Question 4
1 / 1 pts
A
B
C
D
Question 5
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following changes, compared with normal, would you expect to nd in a patient
with metabolic acidosis caused by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
4+
Most of the reabsorption of ltered calcium is unregulated and occurs in the________, but an
additional amount can be reabsorbed in the _________, depending on the plasmaconcentration
of parathyroid hormone.
Which of the diagrams represents the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular and
intracellular uid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of a 2% solution of glucose
(molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)?
If the average hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries is 55 mm Hg, the hydrostatic
pressure in Bowman's space is 15 mm Hg, the average colloid osmotic pressure in the
3/14/24, 8:05 AM
Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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0 mmHg
5 mmHg
10 mmHg
15 mmHg
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Thiazide diuretic
Furosemide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Osmotic diuretic
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
the movement of substances from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular uid
the movement of substances from the proximal tubule into the loop of Henle
transepithelial transport from the lumen of the tubule into renal interstitial uid
movement of Na , Cl , and water from glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
0 mg/min
20 mg/min
100 mg/min
360 mg/min
glomerular capillaries is 30 mm Hg, and there is no protein in the glomerular ultraltrate, what
is the net pressure driving glomerular ltration in this example?
Which of the following diuretics inhibits NaCl co-transport in the distal tubules as its primary
action?
Which of the following describes tubular reabsorption in the kidney?
+ -
A 58-year-old uninephrectomized man has a glomerular ltration rate of 80 ml/min, a urine ow
rate of 3.0 ml/min, and plasma glucose concentration of 200 mg/100 ml. If he has a kidney
transport maximum for glucose of 180 mg/min, what would be his approximate rate of glucose
excretion?
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Question 9
1 / 1 pts
Decreased, decreased, unchanged
Decreased, increased, increased
Decreased, decreased, increased
Increased, decreased, decreased
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
50% increase in glomerular capillary ltration coecient
50% decrease in afferent arteriolar resistance
50% decrease in efferent arteriolar resistance
5 mm Hg decrease in Bowman’s capsule pressure
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
the proximal tubule
the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
the distal convoluted tubule
the collecting ducts
Question 12
1 / 1 pts
0 times
2 times
After administering a vasodilator drug to a patient that caused a 50% decrease in efferent
arteriolar resistance and no change in arterial pressure, you would expect to nd renal
blood ow, GFR, and ltration fraction.
Which of the following would cause the greatest decrease in glomerular ltration rate in a
person with otherwise normal kidneys?
A healthy 24-year-old woman runs a 10k race on a hot day and becomes very dehydrated.
Assuming that her antidiuretic hormone levels are very high, in which part of the renal tubule is
the most water reabsorbed?
If you decrease GFR by 50%, plasma creatinine level will increase by:
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0.5 times
4 times
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
increase in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
decrease in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
no change in glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
none of the above
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
207mOsm/L
500mOsm/L
306.7mOsm/L
300mOsm/L
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hyperosmotic; isosmotic
isosmotic; isosmotic; hyperosmotic; hypoosmotic
isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hypoosmotic
isosmotic; isosmotic; hypoosmotic; hyperosmotic
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following changes would you expect to nd after administration of a vasodilator
that selectively reduced afferent arteriolar resistance?
A person with an ECF volume of 14 L, an ICF volume of 28 L, and a plasma osmolarity of 300
mOsm/L drinks 3 L of water and eats 600 mmoles of NaCl. In the new steady state, what is the
plasma osmolarity?
Compared to the normal plasma osmolarity, the tubular uid is ________ as it enters Bowman's
space, ________ at the beginning of the loop of Henle, ________ at the tip of the loop, and
________ at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule.
Which of the following substancescan undergo renal tubular secretion?
3/14/24, 8:05 AM
Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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Ca
Na
K
water
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
the glomerulus
the proximal convoluted tubule
the collecting duct
the loop of Henle
Question 18
1 / 1 pts
Increase
Decrease
No change
none of the above
Question 19
1 / 1 pts
It is highly similar to plasma, including plasma proteins
It is highly similar to plasma, except it does not contain plasma proteins
It is identical to urine
It is identical to plasma, except it lacks red blood cells
Question 20
1 / 1 pts
2+
+
+
In which region of the nephron does the fractional reabsorption of water vary the most in
response to variation in the state of hydration?
Compared with normal conditions, what would be the change in renal blood ow in a patient
with acute proximal tubular necrosis and marked reduction of proximal tubular sodium chloride
reabsorption?
Which correctly describes the composition of the glomerular ltrate?
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The hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's space opposes ltration
The glomerular ltration rate is limited by a transport maximum
All of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillariesis ltered
The osmotic force due to plasma proteins favors ltration
Question 21
1 / 1 pts
The plasma concentration of glucose becomes so high that it diffuses from peritubular
capillaries into the proximal tubule, down its concentration gradient.
The ltered load of glucose becomes greater than the tubular maximum for its reabsorption.
Without the hormone insulin, glucose cannot enter proximal tubule epithelial cells.
The rate of tubular secretion of glucose becomes greater than the sum of glucose ltration and
reabsorption.
Question 22
1 / 1 pts
In the proximal tubule, Na is transported by primary active transport across the luminal
membrane of the tubular epithelial cells
Atrial natriuretic factor increases Na reabsorption
In the absence of aldosterone, Na will be secreted by the cortical collecting ducts
Na is actively reabsorbed in the thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question 23
1 / 1 pts
increased blood volume
depolarized neuronal cell membranes
Which of the following statements concerning the process of glomerular ltration is correct?
In the conditiondiabetes mellitus, why does glucose appear in the urine?
Which of the following statements regarding renal handling of Na is correct?
+
+
+
+
+
A man with hypertension takes a diuretic that is not potassium-sparing, and hedoes not
increase his ingestion of potassium. Which of the following side-effects would the drugbe
mostlikely to cause?
3/14/24, 8:05 AM
Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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hyperkalemia
cardiac arrhythmia
Question 24
1 / 1 pts
A
B
C
D
Question 25
1 / 1 pts
.280 mmol/min
.140 mmol/min
.060 mmol/min
.030 mmol/min
Question 26
1 / 1 pts
Which of the diagrams would represent the changes (after osmotic equilibrium) in extracellular
and intracellular uid volumes and osmolarities after infusion of 3.0% sodium chloride
(molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol)?
You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year -old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask
him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical
laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples:
Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL
Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL
Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L
Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L
What is the net renal tubular secretion rate of potassium in the patient described in question?
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Long-term treatment with a diuretic such as spironolactone that inhibits the action of
aldosterone
Long-term treatment with a diuretic such as amiloride that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the
late collecting ducts
Long-term treatment with a diuretic such as furosemide that inhibits loop of Henle Na -2Cl - K
co-transport
An increase in sodium intake from 150 to 300 mmol/day
Question 27
1 / 1 pts
The thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop reabsorbs less urea than the inner medullary
collecting tubule during antidiuresis.
Urea concentration in the interstitial uid of the renal medulla is greater than in the interstitial
uid of the renal cortex during antidiuresis.
Urea reabsorption in the inner medullary collecting tubule is greater than in the distal
convoluted tubule during antidiuresis.
Urea reabsorption in the proximal tubule is normally less than in the medullary collecting ducts
during antidiuresis.
Question 28
1 / 1 pts
regulation of extracellular uid osmolarity
regulation of bloodhydrogen ion concentration
regulation of bloodglucose concentration
regulation of blood K concentration
Question 29
1 / 1 pts
Which of the following would cause the greatest degree of hypokalemia?
+-+
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Which is NOT a normal function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?
+
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Quiz: Renal and Acid/Base Physiology: MSCI520: Principles of Physiology I (C01)
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Increased metabolism of glutamine by renal tubular cells increases the plasma bicarbonate
concentration.
Excretion in the urine of hydrogen bound to phosphate buffers decreases plasma bicarbonate
concentration.
H that binds to ltered bicarbonate in the tubular uid is excreted in the urine.
When hypoventilation occurs at the lungs, the kidneys compensate by reducing glutamine
metabolism.
Question 30
1 / 1 pts
glucose
HPO
K
Question 31
1 / 1 pts
10 mL/min
20 mL/min
Which of the following statements about renal control of blood acid-base balance is TRUE?
+
Which one of the following substances is LEAST dependent on the kidney for regulation of its
plasma concentration?
42-
water
+
You need to evaluate kidney function in a 55-year -old obese man with type 2 diabetes; you ask
him to collect his urine over a 24-hour period. He collects 4,320 mL of urine. The clinical
laboratory returns the following results from analysis of his urine and plasma samples:
Plasma creatinine = 3.0 mg/100 mL
Urine creatinine = 40 mg/100 mL
Plasma potassium = 5.0 mmol/L
Urine potassium = 20 mmol/L
What is his approximate GFR, assuming that he collected all of his urine in the 24-hour
period?
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30 mL/min
40 mL/min
Question 32
1 / 1 pts
Increase
Decrease
No change
None of the above
Question 33
1 / 1 pts
cotransport proteins in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule that move Na and
glucose from the proximal tubule into epithelial cells
transport proteins that move glucose by facilitated diffusion from inside of proximal tubule
cells into the renal interstitial uid
ion channels that allow Na to move by diffusion from the lumen of the proximal tubule into
epithelial cells
Na -K ATPase pumps in the luminal membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells that move
Na from inside the cell into the tubule and K from the tubule lumeninto the cell
Question 34
1 / 1 pts
Neutral dextran with a molecular weight of 25,000
Polycationic dextran with a molecular weight of 25,000
Polyanionic dextran with a molecular weight of 25,000
Compared with normal conditions, what would be the change in GFR in a patient with acute
proximal tubular necrosis and marked reduction of proximal tubular sodium chloride
reabsorption?
Which is NOT a transport mechanism typically seen in renal tubular epithelial cells?
+
+
+ +
+ +
Which of the following substances would be ltered most readily by the glomerular capillaries?
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Albumin in plasma
Question 35
1 / 1 pts
Increase
Decrease
No change
none of the above
Question 36
1 / 1 pts
Increased NH excretion
Decreased NH excretion
No change in NH excretion
none of the above
Question 37
1 / 1 pts
efferent arterioles, proximal convoluted tubules
renal vein, peritubular capillaries
afferent arterioles, glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles, Bowman's capsule
Question 38
1 / 1 pts
Compared with normal conditions, what would be the change in afferent arteriole resistance in
a patient with acute proximal tubular necrosis and marked reduction of proximal tubular
sodium chloride reabsorption?
A 26-year-old woman reports that she has a severe migraine and has taken six times more than
the recommended dose of aspirin for the past 3 days to relieve her headaches. Her plasma pH
is 7.24. Which of the following would you expect to nd compared with normal?
4+
4+
4+
Constriction of the ________ decreases hydrostatic pressure in _________.
Given the following measurements, calculate the ltration fraction:
Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure = 70 mm Hg
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0.1
0.2
0.35
Filtration fraction cannot be calculated from these data
Question 39
1 / 1 pts
true, because sweat is hyperosmotic to plasma
true, because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma
false, because sweat is hypoosmotic to plasma
false, because sweat is isosmotic to plasma
Question 40
1 / 1 pts
Increase in peritublar capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decrease in peritublar capillary hydrostatic pressure
No change in peritublar capillary hydrostatic pressure
None of the above
Question 41
1 / 1 pts
It creates a hyperosmolar medullary interstitium that allows the kidneys to form hypertonic
urine
The descending loop of Henle is permeable to water.
Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space =15 mm Hg
Colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries =35 mm Hg
Renal plasma ow = 800 ml/min
Glomerular capillary ltration coecient = 4 ml/min/mm Hg
The loss of 0.5 L of sweat would stimulate a greater increase in vasopressin secretion than the
loss of an equal amount of blood plasma over the same period of time. This statement is:
Which of the following changes would you expect to nd after administration of a vasodilator
that selectively reduced afferent arteriolar resistance?
Which is NOT true about the countercurrent multiplier system of the kidney?
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The ascending loop of Henle is not permeable to water.
The fraction of ltered NaCl reabsorbed from the ascending limb equals the fraction of ltered
water reabsorbed from the descending limb.
Question 42
1 / 1 pts
sympathetic nervous system
angiotensin II
endothelin
none of the above
Question 43
1 / 1 pts
ltered; reabsorbed; secreted
reabsorbed; ltered; secreted
secreted; reabsorbed; ltered
ltered; secreted; reabsorbed
Question 44
1 / 1 pts
7
6.8
7.3
6.5
Question 45
1 / 1 pts
Which of these causes dilation of the afferent arteriole?
The amount of a substance that is excreted in the urine is equal to the amount that is ________
plus the amount that is ________ minus the amount that is ________.
The pK of the HPO4−2/H2PO4 − buffer pair is 6.8. At what pH would the concentrations of the
acid and base forms be equal?
If a person's arterial blood has a pH of 7.22 and pCO2 of 20 mm Hg, what is the HCO 3−
concentration?
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7.9mEq/L
10mEq/L
24mEq/L
13mEq/L
Question 46
1 / 1 pts
Filtered load of HPO42-
Urine pH
Filtered load of NH3
Plasma pH
Question 47
1 / 1 pts
Oxygen therapy
Central sleep apnea
Opiates use
Pneumonia
Question 48
1 / 1 pts
Carbonic anhydrase
Glutaminase
Hexokinase
Thymidylate synthase
Question 49
1 / 1 pts
Which is the best indicator of total H+ excreted in the urine?
Which of these causes of respiratory acidosis does not result from the inhibition of the
medullary respiratory center?
In a patient with DKA and increased xed acid production, which of these enzymes' synthesis
and activity is increased to produce more NH3 for excreting the h+?
This enzyme is involved in the dissolution of CO2 in plasma as HCO3-;
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Pyruvate kinase
Hexokinase
Carbonic anhydrase
Acetyl-coA carboxylase
Question 50
1 / 1 pts
Severe diarrhea
Aspirin(Salicylate) poisoning
Chronic renal failure
COPD
Quiz Score: 50 out of 50
You are evaluating a patient with this lab result - arterial blood pH is 7.25, pCO2 is 24 mm Hg,
and HCO3− is 10.2 mEq/L, an unlikely diagnosis of this patient will be;
