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LEAD510 Leadership Development Plan in Church
Planting
Biblical Foundation of Christian Leadership (Liberty University)
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LIBERTY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY
Ministry / Leadership Development Plan
Submitted to Dr. Rod Dempsey
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
LEAD510
Biblical Foundations of Leadership
Submitted by
Wisdom Nayak
on December 11th, 2021
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CONTENTS
Topic Page
INTRODUCTION 3
THEOLOGY OF LEADERSHIP 4
…..............Jesus’ Servant Leadership 5
…..............Defining a Leader 7
..................Paul’s Teachings on Leadership 7
…..............Peter’s Teachings on Leadership 9
…..............Effective Spiritual Leader 9
TAHO CHART 10
DEVELOPING DISCIPLED LEADERS FOR THE MISSION OF GOD 12
SMALL GROUPS FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT 13
HEALTHY CHURCH PLANTING MODEL 15
CONCLUSION 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY 16
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INTRODUCTION
One of the most used and quoted statements of John C. Maxwell who has written several
books on leadership is, “Everything rises and falls on leadership.”1 This statement is not only
true in the secular world but also in the context of Biblical leadership. In today’s time and age,
countries fall because of ineffective leadership and vice versa. Why does leadership play a vital
role in the fall and rise of the church and ministry today? The goal of this paper is to address this
issue and study some important leadership principles and philosophies practiced throughout the
scriptures in the Old Testament and especially in the New Testament.
In the first section, the biblical model of leadership in Jesus’ teachings on servant
leadership and insights from apostle Paul on the qualifications and roles of a good and godly
leader will be discussed. In the second section, a comparison and contrast will be made between
the different models of churches today with their distinct leadership structures. In the next
section, it will be seen in detail how leaders are produced as a result of biblical discipleship in
the simple obedience of the fulfillment of the Great Commission to go and make disciples. Next,
the question of why small groups are vital in the growth and building of the body of Christ and
their role in the fulfilling of the Great Commission will be argued. And finally, this student’s
model of ministry leadership plan to fulfill the mission of God will be outlined and explained in
the last section. The author’s intention through this paper is to convince the reader that the
church needs to focus more on the ‘go, make disciples, baptize and teach’ part of the great
commission in order to help others grow and for the church to fully use its resources (people) in
fulfilling its mission of reaching the lost by making discipled leaders for the building of God’s
kingdom.
1 John C. Maxwell, 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, 1998, p.34
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THEOLOGY OF LEADERSHIP
One of the most common problems we find today which is hindering the functioning of
the church is the belief that some are leaders, and some are not. Frank Viola argues in his article,
“I believe that the New Testament envisions all Christians as leaders in their own sphere of
ministry and gifting.”2 Because of the tradition that has been followed for centuries, majority of
the Christians today see themselves as just common people who are there to support the leaders
of the church than to contribute to the building and edifying of the body of Christ by discovering
and using their spiritual gifts and impacting the kingdom of God in the area of their gifting. He
argues in his article that the clergy/laity distinction that has been practiced in the church
leadership is hurting the functioning and the purpose of the church.3 The functioning of the
church as a body of Christ is hindered because most of the members of the body are not
functioning, as if dead, and there is little-to-zero contribution to her growth. Ed Stetzer in his
article, “Killing the Clergy-laity Divide”, challenges, “The clergy-laity caste system is killing
churches and hindering the mission of God. Let's kill it.”4 If all the Christians are awakened to
the fact that they are not just mere lay people but through Jesus Christ, are priest before God, can
bring a revolution in the mission of God for His kingdom.
Paul teaches in Romans 12:4-6, “For as we have many members in one body, and all
members have not the same office: So we, being many, are one body in Christ, and every one
members one of another. Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us...”5
2Frank Viola, The Myth of Christian Leadership, http://frankviola.org/2012/07/17/christianleadership/
3Ibid.
4Ed Stetzer, Killing the Clergy-Laity Divide, https://churchleaders.com/outreach-missions/outreach-
missions- articles/329814-clergy-laity.html
5Unless otherwise mentioned, all the biblical passages and references are from the Foundation Study Bible, King
James Version, Thomas Nelson, Inc. 2015
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The scripture clearly teaches that all believers are gifted with different spiritual gifts for the
edifying of the church and are called to be leaders in their own circle of ministry and gifting in
order to fulfill the mission of God. For centuries now, the church has been practicing the
tradition of distinguishing the people in the church into different classes and have created a
hierarchical structure in the church that has been hindering the mission and purpose of the
church. Dave Early and Rod Dempsey in their book argue that, “It is foolish for people to call
themselves followers of Jesus and refuse to fulfill his final wishes and obey his supreme orders
Since we
see both the apostles and other believers obeying it (Acts 8), we know it was given to all of us.”6
The Great Commission was given not only to a specific class of people but to all believers.
Therefore, it is the duty and privilege of every believer to join Jesus on His mission ‘to seek and
save the lost’ by obediently sharing the gospel of Christ as an act of worship to Him.
Jesus’ Servant Leadership
During His time on earth, Jesus brought a revolution by targeting the common idea of
leadership in those days. He not only targeted the hierarchical view of leadership common
among Gentiles but also attacked the positional view of leadership held dearly by the Jews. In
Mark 10:35-41, James, and John, referred to as the sons of Zebedee, came to Jesus seeking and
requesting their hearts’ desire that someday, one of them be seated on the right-hand side and the
other on the left-hand side of Jesus in His glory. When they made this request to Jesus, their idea
of leadership was based on what the Jews had been practicing as their tradition for centuries.
This request made by James and John leads to a very interesting dialogue between them and
Jesus. As a result, one of the greatest principles on leadership is taught by the greatest Leader
recorded in Jesus’ words. Jesus, attacking the hierarchical and positional leadership, teaches ‘But
6Dave Earley and Rod Dempsey, Spiritual Formation is… (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2018),
p. 218
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so shall it not be among you’ (Mark 10:43). Jesus completely turned the top-down leadership
upside down. Jesus continues to say, ‘but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your
minister: And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all.’ (Mark 10:43b-44) A
new form of leadership is introduced by Jesus to those group of Gentiles and Jews, which was
completely foreign to them- servant leadership- serving to the extent of sacrificing His life.
Jesus, speaking about Himself, says, ‘For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto,
but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many.’ (Mark10:45)
There are countless numbers of books written on leadership and the amount of money
spent in leadership conferences to reach and impact the world with the best possible leadership
techniques and inventions. Still, it is very rare to find servant leadership in the world today.
James M. Strock states, “Twenty-first-century leadership relationship dynamics are from the
bottom up rather than the top down; from the outside in, rather than the inside out.”7 If the people
in the 21st century world understand the importance of servant leadership, there would be a great
change in the way people live even in the secular world. This servant leadership was perfectly
lived out by Jesus throughout the gospels and in the book of Acts about two thousand years ago.
Ken Blanchard affirms, “I soon became aware that everything I had ever taught or written about
effective leadership during the past thirty-five years, Jesus did to perfection, beyond my ability to
portray or describe.”8 Jesus exemplified to be the greatest Leader in all history by leading as a
servant and gave His life for His people.
Definition of a Leader
7James M. Strock, Serve to Lead: Your Transformational 21st Century Leadership System, Serve to
Lead Press, 2010, p.52
8Ken Blanchard and Phil Hodges, Lead Like Jesus, Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN, 2008, p.15
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Who makes a good leader? A leader can be defined as someone, who having a vision for
the mission of God, reaches, serves, equips and builds others to be the next generation leaders
and releases them to do the same for the advancement of the kingdom of God. Robert Greenleaf
writes in his book, “A servant-leader is servant first.”9 This principle is the first step according to
what Jesus teaches in Mark 10- whosoever wants to be a leader, must be a servant of all. Jesus’
by washing the feet of his disciples in John 13, pictures what it literally means to be a slave.
Jesus is teaching a very important lesson of humbling oneself to the point of wrapping
him/herself in the towel of a slave and getting on the knees to serve others to show and share the
love of Christ. Jesus says in John 13:15, ‘For I have given you an example, that ye should do as
I have done to you.’ Jim George writes in his book, “Serving others prepares you to lead
others.”10 Taking the form of a servant ready to serve others is the first step in becoming a leader
for God’s kingdom. A servant leader leads others by not only serving them but also by equipping
them to serve by helping them discover their gifts and use them to serve others.
Paul’s Teachings on Leadership
Apostle Paul expands on the teachings of Jesus and gives some more principles in his
letters. In Ephesians 4:11-13, Paul acknowledges the different spiritual gifts that the Holy Spirit
gives to the believers for the building and edifying of the body of Christ. Paul mainly emphasizes
in this passage that these gifts are given for the growth and maturity of the believers in order to
express the fullness of Christ. As Jesus attacks the hierarchical leadership in Mark 10 and
introduces servant leadership, Paul in this passage is painting a picture of a flat leadership
structure that will allow all the believers to contribute to the building of the body of Christ,
9 R.K. The servant as leader. Indianapolis, IN: The Robert K. Greenleaf Center. [Originally published in
1970, by Robert K. Greenleaf], 1991, p.34
10 Jim George, A Leader after God’s Own Heart, Harvest House Publishers, Oregon, 2012, p.153
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ultimately resulting in the growth and maturity of self and others. It is interesting to observe in
this passage that Paul is signifying the importance of the role of both the elders in equipping the
saints and the role of the functioning of all the members in the group of a body of believers to
discover and use their spiritual gifts in their service to God and others.
In Ephesians 4:1, Paul makes it clear that God gives certain ministry gifts to some of His
children, which can be summarized in the APEST, each letter describing its ministry roles and
style- Apostolic, Prophetic, Evangelistic, Shepherds and Teachers. Most of the time in churches
today, it is seen that the leaders/elders with these ministry gifts tend to be doing all the work of
the ministry. This practice is not only unhealthy for the church but also hurting church and
hindering the mission of God. The elders rather than trying to do the work of the ministry all by
themselves, should realize their role to equip the other saints to use their specific gifts for the
building of the body of Christ. As “we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good
works, which God hath before ordained” (Ephesians 2:10), each member should walk in them
according to the will of God. It is the duty of the saints with the ministry of APEST, to help the
saints understand the will of God in their lives through faithful teaching and preaching of God’s
word. At the same time, it is the duty of every believer to study the scriptures and continually
grow and mature in the knowledge and relationship with God. Howard G. Hendricks says, “It's
essential to growth. It's essential to maturity. It's essential for equipping you, training you, so that
you might be an available, clean, sharp instrument in His hands to accomplish His purposes.”11
The best possible way to equip the saints for the work of the ministry is by discipling them and
helping them grow in the knowledge of God through the continuous study of His word.
Peter’s Teachings on Leadership
11Howard G. Hendricks, William D. Hendricks, “Living By the Book: The Art and Science of Reading
the Bible”, Moody Publishers, 2007; p.17,
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Like Apostle Paul, Peter bases his philosophy of leadership on the foundation of servant
leadership taught by Jesus throughout His earthly ministry. Peter writes in his first letter,
“Shepherd the flock of God which is among you, serving as overseers, not by compulsion but
willingly, not for dishonest gain but eagerly.” (1 Peter 5:2) The phrase ‘among you’ that Peter
uses in this verse, tells us that even Peter is continuing to teach the principle of a non-hierarchical
leadership structure in the body of Christ. The shepherds or the elders are appointed to help the
sheep grow and develop by serving and equipping them. Peter as well emphasizes the
importance of discovering and using spiritual gifts for the benefit of others. Peter writes, “As
every man hath received the gift, even so minister the same one to another, as good stewards of
the manifold grace of God.”(1 Peter 4:10). Peter throughout his letter puts weight on the proper
functioning of all the members of the body of Christ in the growth and maturity of self and
others.
Effective Spiritual Leader
As discussed in one of the LEAD510 classes this semester by Dr. Rod Dempsey, an
effective spiritual leader is one who conforms to the biblical requirements laid down in the
scriptures, understands and uses the spiritual weapons endowed to him/her, and who understands
and uses necessary leadership skills. Effective spiritual leaders must be men of good reputation,
full of the Holy Spirit and full of wisdom. (Acts 6:3) Paul also lists down the requirements of the
one who desires the office of an elder/overseer. He must be above reproach, husband of one
woman, vigilant, sober, of good behavior, able to teach, gentle, not greedy, not a new convert
and leads his home well. (1 Timothy 3:1-8) As representative of King Jesus, a leader must have
the heart, head, hands and habits of Jesus.12 As Jesus continually practiced, an effective
spiritual
12 Ken Blanchard and Phil Hodges, Lead Like Jesus, Thomas Nelson, Nashville, TN, 2008; p.23
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leader must also spend much time in solitude, prayer, meditation and application of the
Scriptures, accepting and responding to God’s unconditional love, and involvement in supportive
relationships.13 No man is born with leadership skills. It is something that a person needs to learn
and apply in his ministry to be more effective for the mission of God. As Rick Yancey says,
“God doesn't call the equipped, son. God equips the called. And you have been called.”14 An
effective spiritual should continually abide in Christ and equip himself with strength and wisdom
that comes from God. Only then will he be able to equip other saints for the work of the ministry.
TRADITIONAL, ATTRACTIONAL, HYBRID AND ORGANIC CHURCH MODELS
The TAHO chart introduced by Rod Dempsey takes its name from the first letters of the
different church models- Traditional, Attractional, Hybrid and Organic. In his chart, he has given
a list of various practices and views of these four church models.15 A brief comparison is made in
the chart below based on the important characteristics of these churches that affect their growth,
mission, and functioning-
Traditional Attractional Hybrid Organic
It is led by a co-
dependent leader and
the congregation is
dependent mostly on
the pastor.
This model follows a
hierarchical model of
leadership led by a
charismatic senior
pastor.
This model is led by
a single elder along
with other deacons or
an Elder board.
It is led by multiple
elders (APEST
Team) and has a flat
leadership structure.
All of the activities
occur in the church
building.
Most of the church’s
activities are done in
a physical building.
Activities are carried
out in various
locations but focused
in the building.
It adopts the early
church’s idea of
living out in the
community. Building
is not necessary.
This is the most
common model in
America.
The mega churches
fall in this
category.
Some churches fall
under this
category.
There are very few
churches in America
of this kind.
A clear clergy-laity
divide can be seen
There is a clergy laity
divide but there are
Extensively paid staff
and the clergy-laity
Christ is the Head of
the body and all the
13ibid.p.169
14 Rick Yancey, The 5th Wave Series
15 Rod Dempsey, TAHO Chart.docx
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where the pastor is
the manager and the
lay people are the
consumers.
more paid staff to
implement the goals
of the senior pastor.
divide is obvious. members are
connected to Him and
one another.
It has no small
groups.
It is a church ‘of’
small groups.
This is a church
‘with’ and ‘of’ small
groups.
This church ‘is’ small
groups.
Discipleship is done
from the pulpit or
Sunday school
classes.
Discipleship is
minimal and is done
by following some
curriculum in
different classes.
Discipleship is done
through curriculum
driven classes and
from the pulpit.
Discipleship is done
through learning and
mentoring withing
the small group.
It has a simple
organizational
structure.
It has a complex
organizational
structure.
It has an overly
complex
organizational
structure.
Since it focuses on a
more relational way
of doing church, it is
simple.
Since there is little to
zero focus on
discipleship, leaders
are not produced.
Leaders are
developed to run the
programs within the
church.
Leaders are
developed for the
programs and for the
mission but limited.
Developing discipled
leaders is the focus of
this model.
This model of church
is either surviving,
declining, or dying.
Having a ‘Come and
See’ attitude focuses
mainly on addition.
With an attitude of
both ‘Come and See’
and ‘Go and Be’
focuses on addition
with limited
multiplication.
It is multiplication
oriented since all the
members is actively
fulfilling their role in
the mission.
DEVELOPING DISCIPLED LEADERS FOR THE MISSION OF GOD
In Matthew 28:19-20, Jesus commands, “Go therefore and make disciples of all the
nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching
them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the
end of the age. Amen.” It is important to notice three participles with the urgency that Jesus
commands- go, baptize and teach- having the heart of the great commission to ‘make disciples.’
It is important to understand that if the great commission is to be fulfilled with multiplied results,
it is at the core of the great commission to ‘make disciples.’ Produced leaders are a result of
effective and successful discipleship. Jesus commanded his disciples in Matthew 9:37-38, “The
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harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few; Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest,
that he will send forth labourers. into his harvest.” It is Jesus’ command for his disciples to pray
for and make more disciples for the haarvest. Dave Ferguson states that, “Hero makers have
discovered that dying to self and living for others for God’s kingdom through others is the secret
of multiplied results and greater impact.”16 The goal should shift from being the hero to
becoming a hero maker. The great commission is to build the kingdom of God than to fill the
church pews. The laborers for the harvest of the kingdom of God will be produced from the pews
through effective and multiplied discipleship. Ferguson gives five essential practices on how to
make heroes from regular church members.17
1. Having a multiplication thinking mindset by dreaming big and strategically
investing yourself in others.
2. By giving permission to the other members to participate in the mission of God
and utilizing the greatest resource-people.
3. Multiplying more disciples and investing in apprentices by these five simple
steps- I do. You watch. We talk; I do. You help. We talk; You do. I help. We talk;
You do. I watch. We talk; and You do, Someone else watches.18
4. By releasing leaders to new opportunities by discovering and activating their gifts
and equipping them with continuously growing skills.
5. Building the kingdom of God by sending out more labourers into the harvest of
the Lord.
SMALL GROUPS FOR LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
16 Dave Ferguson and Warren Bird, Hero Maker, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2018; p.34
17 ibid, p.27
18Dave Ferguson and Warren Bird, Hero Maker, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2018; p.183
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Despite the countless number of activities that go on in a church during the weekends and
throughout the week, it is seen that churches today put so much emphasis on creating and
building small groups within their church. The churches invest so much time and money into the
small groups ministry with one goal in mind- to help the believers grow and mature in Christ,
live out the greatest commandment, and fulfill the greatest commission. Rod Dempsey pictures
the small groups within the context of the body of Christ and writes, “A small group is a cell of
the Body of Christ coming together and the cell seeks to actively obey the commands of Christ to
love God, love one another and love their neighbor.”19 Dempsey argues that this three-directional
love is to be lived out in a community of believers. Many new believers do not grow and mature
in their knowledge and love of Christ because of the lack of community- a small group.
Dr. Gilbert Bilezikian states, “It is in small groups that people can get close enough to
know each other, to care and share, to challenge and support, to confide and confess, to
forgive and be forgiven, to laugh and weep together, to be accountable to each other, to
watch over each other and to grow together. Personal growth does not happen in isolation. It
is the result of interactive relationships. Small groups are God's gift to foster changes in
character and spiritual growth.”20 It is a heartbreaking reality that this world has been
fragmented and disconnected in every area than ever before. Amid this disunity, Christianity
radically differing from all other religions, offers an environment to grow in love and unity
with God and others. A small group within a church takes that sense of belonging to another
level, where a new believer can experience a life transforming journey of spiritual growth
through a regular fellowship with genuine fellow believers. As the members of the small
19 Dave Earley and Rod Dempsey, Spiritual Formation is… (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing
Group), 2018; p.220
20 Gilbert B. Bilezekian, Reclaiming the Church as a Community of Oneness, 1997; p.78
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group begin to grow in love for God, one another and for their neighbor, they realize their
role in the mission of God. Jesus’ command to ’go and make disciples’ was not only given to
an individual but also to the corporate of believers. The APEST team helps the members
discover their gifts and equip them to become the next generation leaders. Michael C. Mack
writes, “God created the world in such a way that healthy things grow and reproduce
themselves.”21 Healthy small groups with leaders and apprentices reproduce more small
groups with multiplied leaders. Churches ’with’ or which ’are’ small groups function with a
multiplication thinking mindset. The great commission is best lived out through relational
and missional small groups by showing, sharing, and serving with the genuine love of Christ.
HEALTHY CHURCH PLANTING MODEL
Among the various church models explained earlier in this paper, the best model that
would suit the ministry plan (church planting) of this student author would be a combination of
the characteristics taken from both the organic and hybrid model. The Home of Hope,
Darjeeling, India, started an orphanage with a vision to plant multiple churches by following a
simple program- Rescue (children from the communities where they are living in), Restore
(prayerfully asking God to change their lives and intentionally preparing them for the ministry),
and Recruit (send them back as missionaries to their communities once they reach the required
age and finish the school).22 Once they are recruited, below is the ministry model that they will
be following in order to fulfill the great commission.
21 Michael Mack, Small Group Vital Signs: Seven Indicators of Heath that Make Groups Flourish, 2014; p.56
22 Home of Hope’s vision statement- the student author’s ministry in India.
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1. Reaching the lost with the gospel of Jesus Christ by showing, serving, and sharing the
love of God.
2. Restoring- seeing their lives changed through salvation, growing in sanctification,
serving with love for God, one another and their neighbors.
3. Releasing them by helping them discover their gifts and equip them to use their gifts for
the benefit of others.
4. Reproducing by bearing fruits for the kingdom of God by multiplying disciples.
5. Replicating the same by observing and obeying whatsoever Jesus has commanded to do-
go, make disciples, baptize and teach. (Matthew 28:20)
CONCLUSION
As this paper is the leadership development plan for the future ministry of this student
author, it must not be misunderstood that this paper is only about leadership. Leaders are
produced as a result of simple obedience to make disciples and equip them for the works of the
ministry. It is the responsibility of the leader to exemplify the servant leadership that Jesus
teaches, apply the discipleship/leadership principles that Paul and Peter wrote down in their
letters, and see the multiplied results in the kingdom of God by making leaders out of ordinary
believers. An effective spiritual leader is someone who having a vision for the mission of God,
reaches the lost, serves them with the love of Christ, seeks to restore their relationship with God,
equips and prepares them for the work of the ministry, and releases them to reproduce with the
power of the Holy Spirit as Jesus commanded His disciples to build the kingdom of God and
bring glory to His name. As Neil Cole says, “your success is no longer to be evaluated by what
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you do but by what others around you are able to do.”23 It is not about building the numbers in
your church but it is about building the kingdom of God.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. John C. Maxwell, 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, 1998
2. Frank Viola, The Myth of Christian Leadership,
http://frankviola.org/2012/07/17/christianleadership/
3. Ed Stetzer, Killing the Clergy-Laity Divide, https://churchleaders.com/outreach-
missions/outreach-missions-articles/329814-clergy-laity.html
4. James M. Strock, Serve to Lead: Your Transformational 21st Century Leadership
System, Serve to Lead Press, 2010
5. Ken Blanchard and Phil Hodges, Lead Like Jesus, Thomas Nelson, Nashville,
TN, 2008
6. R.K. Greenleaf, The servant as leader. Indianapolis, IN: The Robert K. Greenleaf
Center. [Originally published in 1970, by Robert K. Greenleaf], 1991
7. Jim George, A Leader after God’s Own Heart, Harvest House Publishers, Oregon,
2012
8. Howard G. Hendricks, William D. Hendricks, “Living By the Book: The Art and
Science of Reading the Bible”, Moody Publishers, 2007
9. Rick Yancey, The 5th Wave Series.
23 Neil Cole, Organic Leadership, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2018; p.276
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10. Dave Early and Rod Dempsey, Disciple Making Is, B & H Publishing Group,
Nashville, TN, 2013
11. Rod Dempsey, TAHO Chart.docx
12. Dave Ferguson and Warren Bird, Hero Maker, Zondervan, Grand Rapids,
Michigan, 2018
13. Dave Earley and Rod Dempsey, Spiritual Formation is… (Nashville, TN: B&H
Publishing Group), 2018
14. Gilbert B. Bilezekian, Reclaiming the Church as a Community of Oneness, 1997
15. Neil Cole, Organic Leadership, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2018
16. Unless otherwise mentioned, all the biblical passages and references are from the
Foundation Study Bible, King James Version, Thomas Nelson, Inc. 2015
