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Annotated Bibliography
Mental Health within African Americans
Liberty University
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Black & African American Communities and Mental Health. (2020). Retrieved 21 February 2020,
from https://mhanational.org/issues/black-african-american-communities-andmental-
health.
This article focuses on the facts and statistics of the African American community regarding
mental health. This article highlights societal issues such as racism that African Americans face
that continue to have an impact on the black/African American community. Prevalence,
attitudes and treatment issues regarding African Americans are also addressed within this
article to provide readers with a parallel comparison of mental health issues versus another
ethnic group.
Conner, K. O., Copeland, V. C., Grote, N. K., Koeske, G., Rosen, D., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd, & Brown,
C. (2010). Mental health treatment seeking among older adults with depression: the
impact of stigma and race. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal
of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(6), 531–543.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181cc0366
This article focuses on the significant amount of stigma associated with mental health
treatment. The authors emphasize on how stigma associated with mental illness continues to
be a significant barrier to seeking help. These barriers therefore lead to a significant number of
negative outlooks about treatment for minorities and their ambivalence on receiving treatment
for individuals who severely need these types of services. The examination of this study
furthermore underlines the negative impact that stigma has on deterring individuals from
receiving treatment.
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Hays, D. G., & Erford, B. T. (2018). Developing multicultural counseling competence: A systems
approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134523804.
In chapter 9 of Developing multicultural counseling competence, Hays and Erford addresses
common issues regarding individuals, families and couples of African descent. In this chapter
the text highlights both past and present experiences by providing readers the history of African
American’ and their experiences of racism, colorism and discrimination. These authors also
found it insightful to focus on the general mental health issues of individuals of African descent
as well as the different counseling approaches that assist in treating mental health issues in
African Americans.
McGuire, T. G., & Miranda, J. (2008). New evidence regarding racial and ethnic disparities in
mental health: policy implications. Health affairs (Project Hope), 27(2), 393–403.
https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.393
It is well-known that there is an unfair difference in access to and quality of care of an
individual’s mental health according to race and ethnicity. This article highlights to its readers
about the lack of access and quality of mental health services over another race of individuals.
The authors also mention the likelihood of minorities in the United States to delay or fail to seek
mental health treatment. This delay or failure of seeking mental health services is based on the
assumption that there will not be a substantial amount of access to the best available treatment
for mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety and because of this there are a great
amount of minorities that will more than likely terminate prematurely.
Kelly, S. (2006). COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS.
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Retrieved 17 February 2020, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/86b4/81f5cb429a911f8641746d0e9188718df06d.pdf. Within
this article the author takes on the perspective of counseling African Americans with the
assistance of cognitive behavioral therapy approach. This article’s relevance as it pertains to this
topic is the advantages and limitations that the cognitive behavioral therapy approach has
regarding counseling the African American population who are dealing with mental health
issues.
Kelly, S., Manigo, P., Wesley, K., & Durham, J. (2013). African American Communities and Family
Systems: Relevance and Challenges. Retrieved 17 February 2020, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f9ad/3b49cb038c489301e5f8b3ec3978b54925c5.pdf. This
article focuses on the collaboration of counseling African American couples and families from a
historic and modern-day perspective. Within this article the author addresses environmental
issues that has impacted the views of African American’s perspective on receiving counseling
such as structural and family systems model of treatment. Treatment of an African American
couple and family through the therapist’s use of cultural competencies of diversity was also
highlighted within this article.
Schatell, E. (2017). Challenging Multicultural Disparities in Mental Health | NAMI: National
Alliance on Mental Illness. Retrieved 23 February 2020, from
https://www.nami.org/blogs/nami-blog/july-2017/challenging-multicultural-
disparitiesin-mental-he
This source provides scholars with the knowledge of what can be done in order to eliminate
disparities involving the culture of mental health. Within this source there are five vital aspects
that can contribute to the eliminating discrepancies that occur when addressing mental health,
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(1) Follow national standards by providing reasonable and respectful and services that are
responsive to the specific demographics, (2) Accurately educate and train mental health staff to
be culturally competent, (3) Develop culture-specific mental health education tools, (4)
Establish and engage community partners, (5) Continuously research on successful ways to
incorporate culture into mental health care.
Ward, E., Wiltshire, J., Detry, M., & Brown, R. (2013). African American Men and Women's
Attitude Toward Mental Illness, Perceptions of Stigma, and Preferred Coping Behaviors.
Retrieved 17 February 2020, from https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?
accid=PMC4279858&blobtype=pdf.
Research within this article focuses on the increasing rates of African Americans who suffer
from a mental illness. The authors not only examine these increasing rates but they also address
the beliefs about mental illness, attitudes toward seeking mental health services, and coping
behaviors from the African American perspective.
Why Mental Health Care is Stigmatized in Black Communities. (2020). Retrieved 22 February
2020, from https://dworakpeck.usc.edu/news/why-mental-health-care-stigmatized-
blackcommunities.
Receiving mental health treatment is a subject that has much stigma attached to it within the
African American population. The author’s goal for this article is to assist readers in
understanding barriers to mental health care in black communities, overcoming the mental
health stigma by shifting our cultural narrative and lastly, to increase access to mental health
care through meaningful policy change.
Williamson, M. (2014). The Reluctance of African-Americans to Engage in Therapy. Retrieved
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17 February 2020, from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1218&context=cehsdiss.
This source explores the reluctance of African Americans to engage in therapy through the
perspective of a peer-reviewed analysis. Within this article it is expressed that many African
Americans do not consider entering into treatment because it is not something that is openly
discussed in day to day life. The author provides the readers with valuable information
regarding misperceptions and beneficial approaches regarding African American’s receiving
treatment for their mental illnesses.
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