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Impact Assignment Part 1-Parenting Styles
HSCO 502
Liberty University
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Parenting Styles Impact on Children
Introduction
According to Broderick and Blewitt (2015), parenting styles are considered
“constellations of parenting characteristics by combining and crossing the positive and negative
poles of parental responsiveness and demandingness”. A parenting style can affect everything
from how much your child weighs to his or her confidence about their self. It is important that
whichever parenting style parenting style is supporting healthy growth and development
because the way you interact with your child and how you discipline him or her will influence
them for the rest of their life. In addition, parenting style is a construct that is distinctive to
standard parental investments and is important for young-adult outcomes (Cobs-Clark &
Salamanca, 2019).
Within the text the authors express to readers the four basic parenting styles. These
styles are the authoritative style, the authoritarian style, the permissive style, and the
neglecteduninvolved style (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015). Parents with an authoritative style of
parenting are very demanding yet also responsive. These parents are usually strong set clear
boundaries and standards and are openly affectionate with their children. Parents who choose
an authoritarian parenting style are highly demanding but low on responsiveness. This
parenting style is best fit for parents who practice both behavioral and psychological control,
use power assertion such as physical punishment, express little affection, and only communicate
one sided. The permissive parent are nurturing and moderately to highly responsive but low on
demandingness. The permissive parent refrains from setting limits on children or believes a child
has to be true to his or her own nature. Lastly, the neglecting-uninvolved style is low on both
responsiveness and demandingness. This parent neglect’s the child’s needs by entertaining a
negative and hostile environment for the child or children. It is through substantiated research
that of the four parenting styles the authoritative parenting style is proven to have the most
positive outcomes regarding children development (Broderick & Blewitt, 2015).
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Developmental Impact
Within a developmental aspect, parental styles have an effect on children from birth
until adulthood. The authors of Impact of Parenting Styles on Child Development state that good
parenting is what prepares children to meet the demands of the culture in which they live in.
Parenting styles are the overall climate of parent-child interactions and is ultimately the
determinant factor in child development that affects psychological and social functioning skills
of the child/children (Joseph & John, 2008).
The way that parenting styles impact development is solely dependent on the type of
style that is best utilized in child rearing. The text supports the relationship between parenting
styles self-confidence, self-regulation, and self-sufficiency. The more that a parent is affirming
and responsive the more likely the child will be skilled in social interactions (Broderick and
Blewitt, 2015). For instance, a child who is raised with too much parental guidance will miss a
vital opportunity to gain self-reliance skills and will ultimately lack solid decision-making skills.
On the other hand, children who are given little to no parental guidance will lack self-control
and will grow to be very selfish individuals (Joseph & John, 2008).
In most recent research, adolescents who described their parents as authoritative scored
highest on measures of psychosocial competence and maturity and lowest on measures of
psychological and behavioral dysfunction. They were less likely to be anxious or depressed and
scored higher on measures of self-reliance. Compared to parents using other childrearing
models, authoritative parents were also more successful in protecting their adolescents from
drug use and delinquent activities as well as facilitating school involvement and academic
performance.
Authoritarian parenting, on the other hand, has frequently been associated with more negative
outcomes in children and adolescents. Children of authoritarian parents have been described as
less content, less affiliative toward peers, and more insecure, apprehensive, and hostile.
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Furthermore, without the adequate amount of parental nurturance and encouragement,
a secure bond between parent and child may not develop. Consequently, the child will lack
selfconfidence and ultimately discover that it is difficult to establish supportive relationships
with other individuals. Parents that are raising adolescent children, should be aware that
relationships that are characterized by insecurity are at risk of adverse outcomes such as a sense
of learned helplessness. This type of dysfunctional relationships may also impair progress
towards independence and are projecting of compromised social and personality development
all of which place the adolescent child at risk for the development of depression (Betts et al.,
2010). In addition, certain temperaments within parenting styles have been proposed to be of
particular importance for the development of emotion regulation. More specifically
temperaments has been described as the ‘blueprint and foundation from which and on which
emotional development “builds”. (Betts et al., 2010).
Faith & Professional Perspectives
The approaches of parenting can be significantly influenced through religious beliefs and
practices. It is known that many of our beliefs are carried with us from the practices that our
parents demonstrated. Like many other things that we learn from our parents, religion is no
different. There is not much that is known about the influences of religious beliefs and practices
on parenting adolescents, however, religious beliefs and practices have the potential to
profoundly influence many aspects of life, including approaches to parenting (Howarth et al.,
2008).
According to The Effect of Religion on Parenting in Order to Guide Parents in the Way
They Parent (2018), Religion continuously influences parenting through remaining needs to
have an understanding of religious values in order to inform parents, and other professional
bodies, on how religious beliefs can influence child-rearing practices. Through a systematic
review there were findings that showed the effects of religion on parenting, and to establish
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effective ways in which religious parents can be guided in parenting. The findings showed that
religion does influence parenting, and that with intervention aimed at increasing specific skills,
parenting practices are improved (Petro, Erasmus, Roman, 2018).
Within several chapters in the Bible, there is a great amount of scripture that supports
the authoritative parenting style. One of the most clear examples of authoritative parenting
within the scripture is when Solomon wrote to his son in the book of Proverbs, expressing the
importance of love and discipline of children and the ways in which to guide them in the
likeliness of the Lord. In Proverbs 1: 8 he advises, “My son, hear the instruction of your father,
and do not forsake the law of your mother.” Through this style of parenting children are to
become self-disciplined in their decision making. Within both secular and Christian studies
authoritative parenting style has the most positive outcome for the success of a child’s healthy
development.
Furthermore, Broderick and Blewitt (2015) stated the professional must address a
number of challenges to demonstrate its effectiveness in enhancing improvement of parenting
and the lives of the children. Through the perspective of professional social workers, there is an
overriding concern when judging parenting and their ability to prevent any harm to occur to
their child or children. The professional deemed the inability to protect the child from harm was
ultimately due to the parents having little to no understanding of the child’s developmental
stage. In these particular instances’ professionals are able to utilize different tools such as child
forensic interviewing and parenting style assessments to solely focus on these issues and
convince parents that the intentions of the proposed interventions are helpful (Woodcock,
2003).
Resources
Parenting: Balancing The Parenting Styles Of Father And Mother: How To Handle Different
Parenting Styles In Your Family And Become A Fantastic Parent (Parenting ... - Parenting
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without power struggles) - https://www.amazon.com/Parenting-Balancing-Different-
Fantasticstruggles-ebook/dp/B00OV81B96
Within this book parents are given the necessary tools to work together and parent their
children in a way that meet the needs of all parties. Parents sometimes make so hard for each
other and the kids that they often times make it difficult to coexist with one another. Through
reading this book, each parent will gain understanding that that each parent has a unique
parenting style and a unique place in the upbringing of a child, making it a whole lot of
difference in finding the right balance that will mold the kids into responsible adults.
The Critical Role of Parenting in Human Development -
https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/thecritical-role-of-parenting-in-human-
development_marianna-s-klebanov_adam-d-travis/ 9965890/item/37108271/?
mkwid=XKZ7Z5if%7cdc&pcrid=70112905152&product=37108271&plc=&pgrid=2132937
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bChMIn4zVmp7w6AIVAbbICh1WOAZAEAQYCSABEgKPmPD_BwE#isbn=1138025135
&idiq=37108271
Within this book a parent can gain the knowledge of parenting through many other
perspectives such as the attachment theory, the impact of corporal punishment on the brain,
the effects of emotional abuse and neglect, and the widespread nature of Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder, describing the process that leads to the transmission of parenting patterns through the
generations and explaining how resulting personal issues occur throughout the lifespan. The
Critical Role of Parenting in Human Development is a great interdisciplinary study for
professional who’s focus is within child welfare fields.
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Reference
Betts, J., Gullone, E., & Allen, J. (2010). An examination of emotion regulation, temperament,
and parenting style as potential predictors of adolescent depression risk status: A
correlational study. Onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu. Retrieved 17 April
2020, from
https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/doi/full/10.1348/026151008X31490
0
.
Broderick, P. C. & Blewitt, P. (2015). The life span: Human development for helping professionals.
New York, NY: Pearson.
Cobb-Clark, D.A., Salamanca, N. & Zhu, A., (2019). Parenting style as an investment in human
development. J Popul Econ 32, 1315–1352.
https://doi-org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s00148-018-0703-2
Howarth, J., Lees, J., Sidebotham, P., Higgins, J. and Imtiaz, A., 2008. The Influence Of
Religious Beliefs On Parenting, From The Perspectives Of Both Adolescents And Parents..
[online] Available at: <https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/religion-beliefs-andparenting-
practices> [Accessed 15 April 2020].
Joseph, M. and John, J., 2008. IMPACT OF PARENTING STYLES ON CHILD
DEVELOPMENT. [online] Scholararticles.net. Available at:
<http://scholararticles.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/5_16_25p_Joseph_John.pdf>
[Accessed 15 April 2020].
Petro M. R., Rich E. G., Erasmus, C., Roman N. V., (2018). The Effect of Religion on Parenting in
Order to Guide Parents in the Way They Parent: A Systematic Review, Journal of
Spirituality in Mental Health, 20:2, 114-139, DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2017.1341823
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Woodcock, J. (2003). The Social Work Assessment of Parenting: An Exploration.
Pdfs.semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 16 April 2020, from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c550/b4f39e8d8bba75ce2b8667d4addeb5a11866.pdf.
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