Question 1
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What failures of government policy triggered unrest and strikes in Petrograd in 1916?
defeat in battle against Austria-Hungary
the appointment of Grigory Rasputin as a general
the increasing cost of Alexei's medical care
food shortages and resulting high prices
scandals in the procurement of war material
Question 2
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What did Lenin argue in his "April Theses?"
The Russian peasantry had replaced the proletariat as the revolutionary class because
Russia was primarily rural.
Wartime chaos had allowed the merger of bourgeois and proletarian revolutions, which
could enable a quick transition to Bolshevik rule.
The Bolsheviks should work together with the Mensheviks to continue the war.
The proletarian revolution should wait until Russia had a bourgeois revolution.
The first step to revolution was the immediate assassination of Russia's royal family.
Question 3
1.25 / 1.25 pts
How did the "New Economic Policy" of 1921 derivate from socialist orthodoxy?
It allowed for a degree of private ownership and market incentives.
It called for free trade between Russia and Western Europe.
It made military spending a higher priority than other kinds of spending.
It instituted the requisitioning of grain from peasant communities.
It banned foreign investment in Russia's economy.
Question 4
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What action started the February Revolution in 1917?
mutinies among soldiers after a defeat by Germany
mutinies among sailors frustrated with a lack of rations
a call to arms by Vladimir Lenin
a general strike of workers in Petrograd
Nicholas II's demands for higher taxes to fund the war
Question 5
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Which foreign power was particularly supportive of White armies in the Russian Civil
War?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Britain
France
Italy
I
Question 6
0 / 1.25 pts
What caused the Socialist Revolutionaries to split with the Bolsheviks in March 1918?
Lenin's decision to abandon socialist economic principles
the assassination of the royal family
Lenin's denunciations of "kulaks"
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
support for Alexander Kerensky against Lenin
Question 7
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What perspective did the Bolsheviks in Russia have during the early twentieth century?
Bolsheviks believed revolution was only possible through democratic means.
Bolsheviks saw the peasantry as the revolutionary class.
Bolsheviks supported the First World War as a means of increasing Russian power.
Bolsheviks thought only a minority of workers would be politically conscious and that
they would have to be led by intellectuals.
Bolsheviks insisted that a bourgeois revolution would have to precede the proletarian
revolution.
Question 8
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Who seized power in the Soviet Union following Lenin's death in 1924?
Leon Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Leonid Brezhnev
Alexander Kerensky
Question 9
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What was the important political impact of the July Days?
Political lines hardened and Kerensky tried to repress the Bolsheviks.
Lenin became the head of the provisional government.
The provisional government declared an end to the monarchy.
New elections were arranged for October.
Lenin had to flee Russia temporarily, leaving Stalin in power.
Question 10
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Who was the dominant figure in the provisional government?
Joseph Stalin
Leon Trotsky
Nicholas II
Vladimir Lenin
Alexander Kerensky
Question 11
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What perspective did the Mensheviks in Russia have during the early twentieth century?
Mensheviks believed revolution was only possible through democratic means.
Mensheviks saw the peasantry as the revolutionary class.
Mensheviks supported the First World War as a means of increasing Russian power.
Mensheviks thought only a minority of workers would be politically conscious and that
they would have to be led by intellectuals.
Mensheviks insisted that a bourgeois revolution would have to precede the proletarian
revolution.
Question 12
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What name was given to anti-Semitic attacks across Germany on November 9, 1938,
following the murder of a German embassy official in Paris?
Kristallnacht
Night of the Long Knives
Gulag
Kripo
Cross of Fire
Question 13
1.25 / 1.25 pts
The murders of the "Night of the Long Knives," on June 30, 1934, were meant to
accomplish what goal?
intimidating German Jews from participation in political life
assassinating the leaders of the German Communist Party
eliminating the S.A., which Hitler saw as too independent
creating a pretense for German involvement in the Spanish Civil War
forming the basis for the introduction of the Nuremberg Laws
Question 14
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What set of laws, decreed in 1935, deprived Jews of citizenship and forbade marriages
between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans?
Berlin Laws
Nuremberg Laws
Munich Laws
Hamburg Laws
Frankfurt Laws
I
Question 15
0 / 1.25 pts
Adolf Hitler combined anti-Semitic rhetoric with rhetoric against what political ideology?
liberalism
monarchism
authoritarianism
democracy
communism
Question 16
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Who was the first right-wing dictator to come to power in interwar Europe?
Benito Mussolini in Italy
Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria
Antonio Salazar in Portugal
Adolf Hitler in Germany
Francisco Franco in Spain
I
Question 17
0 / 1.25 pts
For what reason did many mainstream politicians support Benito Mussolini as prime
minister, even though the Fascist Party held few seats in the Italian parliament?
Mussolini promised to conquer territory for Italy.
Mussolini promised to reduce taxes on Italian businesses.
Mussolini promised to restore social order.
Mussolini promised to build a broad coalition to govern.
Mussolini promised peace with the Communist Party.
Question 18
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Whereas communists proposed unity based on class, fascists proposed unity based on
religion.
wealth.
Europeanness.
national identity.
civilization.
Question 19
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What group, led by Nikolai Bukharin, broke with Stalin over the policy of collectivization?
the Right Opposition
the Left Opposition
the Politburo
the Trotskyists
the Social Democrats
Question 20
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What action did Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss take in response to a general
strike in Vienna in 1934?
He resigned his office in favor of a Social Democrat.
He agreed to the Anschluss, the German annexation of Austria.
He banned all political parties except the fascist Fatherland Front.
He requested military aid from Germany and Czechoslovakia.
He agreed to restore the Habsburg monarchy.
Question 21
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Which English economist challenged economic orthodoxy by suggesting that recovery
would depend on increased government expenditures to stimulate consumer spending?
Adam Smith
David Ricardo
Neville Chamberlain
John Maynard Keynes
Friedrich Hayek
Question 22
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Radical, Socialist, and Communist parties in France joined together against the far right
to form the
Red Bloc.
Popular Front.
Cross of Fire.
National Front.
Faisceau movement.
I
Question 23
0 / 1.25 pts
Which types of ships were not addressed by the Washington Naval Arms Limitation
Treaty?
Submarines
Aircraft carriers
Destroyers
Cruise liners
P
Question 24
0.42 / 1.25 pts
What were some of the key principles of Leninism and its goals?
establishment of a one-party system
centralized planning
Establish a dictatorship of the proletariat
International cooperation with communist nations
Question 25
1.25 / 1.25 pts
How did Hitler use propaganda to gain support?
Organizing grand spectacles and rallies
Utilizing banners and uniforms
Delivering fiery speeches
Showed the grandeur of German artists
Question 26
1.25 / 1.25 pts
How did Stalin's five-year plans impact industrial output in the Soviet Union?
Significant increase in industrial output in the Soviet Union
Significant increase in farming
Significant increase in raw good refinement
Significant increase in overall employment and manpower
I
Question 27
0 / 1.25 pts
What were some of the challenges faced by the Weimar Republic in Germany after
World War I?
Radicalization of society
Economic collapse
Burden of huge reparations
Threat of Soviet invasion
P
Question 28
0.63 / 1.25 pts
What was the relationship between Stalin and Lenin during the early years of the
Bolshevik movement?
Collaborated on criminal activities to fund the Bolshevik cause.
Split over issue of international communist revolution
They were tight friends from the beginning until the end
Lenin viewed Stalin as the heir of the USSR
Question 29
1.25 / 1.25 pts
Why did Joseph Stalin prioritize military power during the implementation of the five-
year plans?
Perceived threats to the Soviet Union from both within and abroad
The Germans could not be trusted
He feared the Chinese to the east
He wanted to preemptively start a war in Europe
P
Question 30
0.42 / 1.25 pts
What were the main tenets of Lenin’s ideology?
Vanguard party
Centralized democracy
Self-determination of ethnic groups within a union of Soviet republics
International cooperation
P
Question 31
0.83 / 1.25 pts
What was the New Economic Policy (NEP) implemented by Vladimir Lenin?
Reintroduced profit-seeking and private trade for farmers
Kept industry under state-run control
Reverse issues of underproduction under War Communism
Rejected all forms of capitalism
Question 32
1.25 / 1.25 pts
What was the symbol of Mussolini's regime?
The fasces
the brownshirts
the eagle
The sheaf of wheat
