HIEU 202 Exam 3
6 Contributions of Nietzsche
1. Darwin's influence: There is a process, but it is getting worse, not better
(devolution)
2. Things are decaying (because of Christianity)
3. Power is the goal of all of man. We can only win at the expense of others
4. The Ubermensch, the overman/superman/super-human will rise above all the
limitations of morality. He will conquer (Ex: Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great,
etc.)
5. Irrationalism
6. No solutions offered to the problems of Western Civilization
4 Contributions of Freud
1. Founder of psychoanalysis
2. Our irrationality lives in the subconscious. We can study it with the scientific
method and analyzing dreams (The Interpretation of Dreams)
3. We suppress the subconscious instincts to live in civilized society.
4. Advocated the loosening but not the removal of society's pressures
How did Nationalism contribute to the World Wars?
- State-worship/belief that your nation is better than all the others
- Some ethnic groups wanted to pull out of Austria and form their own groups (ex:
Pan-Slavism, Serbians)
What technology/tactics were used in WWI?
Technology: airplanes, submarines, hand grenades, tanks, machine guns, chemical
weapons, wire communication
Strategies: Trench warfare vs. movement based, mobilization of an entire nation
4 Features of the "Stalin Revolution"
1. 5 year plans to obliterate private enterprise
2. Collectivization of farmland and heavy industry
3. Totalitarianism: getting rid of religion and non-Soviet artwork
4. Purging away the weaklings and dissidents.
What's the nature of Fascism?
Fascism came out of a fear of the Bolshevik Revolution spreading. It removed an
"ineffective" democratic system in favor of 1 exalted leader who would help the
lower middle class and existing elites
What was Hitler's worldview?
Hitler's worldview was a "patchwork of anti-semitic, Volkish, Social Darwinist,
antidemocratic, anti-Marxist ideas." He was a racial nationalist who saw the races
pitted against one another for survival
How did Hitler rise to power in Germany (2 ways)?
1. He strengthened the Nazi power and became the Chancellor.
2. After the Reichstag burned, he blamed the communists and became a dictator
under the guise of a state of emergency.
How did the Nazis win the support and cooperation of the German people? (7
ways)
1. Hitler youth camps
2. Reviving the economy
3. Public works projects and building community
4. Political murder by the SS
Army swearing loyalty to Hitler, not the constitution
5. Speeches and propaganda
6. Hosting the Olympics
7. Celebrations and festivals
How did Germany disrupt the pre WWII balance of power? (4 ways)
1. Hitler remilitarized, putting troops in the Rhineland,
2. annexing Austria (Anschluss)
3. Sudetenland, later all of Czechoslovakia
4. Blitzkrieg strategy
What is Appeasement?
Appeasement was the British and French outlook on growing Germany, allowing it
to grow powerful if she promised she would stop growing.
What were the major turning points of WWII
1. Pearl Harbor: US enters the War
2. Battle of Midway: Japan is not invincible
3. Stalingrad: Russia holds out against Germany
4. D-Day: Allies get into France
Origins and significance of the Holocaust
Origins: Jews seen as a lesser race at war with the Aryans
Significance: 7 million Jews killed in concentration camps
European Union: Purpose, origins
Purpose: the political and economic integration of Europe
Origins:
- 1952: European Coal and Steel community (ECSC)
- 1957: European Economic Community (EEC): common external trade policy and
also has a social policy (job opportunities, agricultural subsidies, etc.)
- 1987: Single Europe Act: Includes foreign policy too
- 1993: European Community, renamed EU in 1994
□ Citizenship and voting for European Parliament
- After 2000: dramatic expansion to include former Soviet bloc countries (but
strained the economy)
"Collapse of Communism" and events of 1989
How did the European worldview change from pre WWI to post WWII?
Pre WWI: War is amazing and necessary (nationalism plays a role)
In between: War is bad, appeasement is better
Post WWII: More balanced. War is bad, but necessary at times
Status of the Church in Europe today
- Church attendance extremely down
- Perception of Catholic church is negative, many see it as outdated
- Impact of liberal theology
- Emerging church movements (not traditional)
- Evangelicals
- Immigration
Long-term causes of WWI
Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances
3 consequences of WWI
1. An uneasy peace
2. High cost (millions of lives and economic devastation)
3. A bleak future
5 Stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles
1. France got Alsace and Lorraine back
2. Germany can't fortify the Rhineland and loses its offensive capacity
3. Poland carved out of West Prussia
4. German and Ottoman colonies given to victorious nation
5. Reparations fees
Legacy of WWII (8 things)
1. Most destructive, murderous war in US history; 50 million dead
2. Vast migrations
3. Material costs
4. Power shift
5. Role of women redefined
6. Disillusionment with Christianity, Enlightenment, and Western ideals as a whole
7. Success of democracy
8. New weapons such as the atomic bomb
4 key figures who helped end the cold war
