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With respect to religiosity and women
a. Protestantism offered women a way to express religious independence, but mysticism
did not.
b. both mysticism and Protestantism allowed women a way to express independence in
religious matters.
c. mysticism offered women a way to express religious independence, but Protestantism
did not.
d. women were prohibited from expressing religious independence in both mysticism and
Protestantism.
Luther's propositions for reform of Christianity include the idea that
a. each individual required the help of an expert to read the Bible.
b. there should be a universal church, just not one headed by the pope.
c. there should be a clear division between the clergy and the laity.
d. there was no difference between the clergy and the laity in matters of faith.
The German peasants' revolt of 1524–1526
a. was attacked by Luther, who encouraged the nobility to crush the revolt mercilessly.
b. was a popular movement protesting the ideas of Luther.
c. was a minor movement confined to Saxony that involved several thousand peasants.
d. succeeded in earning the peasantry economic and religious advantages they did not
possess before Luther's break with the church.
In Geneva, Calvin established a form of government that is best described as
a. a democracy: a society in which citizens determined the laws and religion of the city.
b. an oligarchy: a society ruled by a group of wealthy merchants.
c. a theocracy: a society in which the lives of citizens were regulated by Calvinist elders.
d. a monarchy: a society ruled by Calvin and his descendants.
Catherine de' Medici
a. was the first wife of Henry VIII of England.
b. was the power behind the French throne for much of the late sixteenth century.
c. was a champion of reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants.
d. converted to Protestantism in order to prevent civil war in France.
The policies of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation include all of the
following EXCEPT
a. enlightened education.
b. a new emphasis on eradicating all sins, no matter how small.
c. censorship.
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d. persecution.
The Council of Trent met to
a. reform the Catholic Church and prepare it for the struggle with Protestantism.
b. plan the further advance of the Reformation.
c. reconcile Catholic and Protestant leaders.
d. plan the strategy for a military campaign against Protestant England.
Luther wrote all of the following EXCEPT
a. Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation.
b. The Freedom of a Christian Man.
c. Institutes of the Christian Religion.
d. a German translation of the New Testament.
First and foremost, Lutheranism was a
a. nationalist movement.
b. popular evangelical movement.
c. political revolution.
d. social revolution.
Swiss reformer Ulrich Zwingli
a. believed good works were the key to salvation.
b. argued that mysticism provided the most important revelation of divine will and law.
c. differed with Luther over the form and meaning of Communion.
d. supported the doctrine of transubstantiation.
The millenarians believed that
a. the world would come to an end in the near future.
b. they were living in a time of unparalleled peace and prosperity.
c. Christianity would soon be superseded by a new religion.
d. Christ's return was in the distant future.
Luther's attack on indulgences was prompted primarily by
a. his belief that salvation had nothing to do with good works.
b. the church's own condemnation of their sale.
c. his belief that indulgences were valid only if they were not sold for money.
d. the fact that they were a recent and radical innovation in the church.
The doctrine of predestination is based on the premise that
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a. good works are the only way to achieve salvation.
b. the Reformation is predicted in the Bible.
c. God acts in random, and sometimes unjust, ways.
d. God is all-knowing, eternal, and all powerful.
Nobles were motivated to support the Reformation because
a. it provided an opportunity to increase their wealth through the confiscation of church
lands.
b. it offered a means of resisting the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
c. it gained them the support of their subjects, since they were acting as leaders of a popular
and dynamic religious movement.
d. all of the above
Calvin's concept of predestination influenced his followers to
a. submit unquestioningly to political authority, even if it violated the laws of God.
b. surrender to self-doubt and despair and live passively, withdrawn from society.
c. exercise strict control over their own feelings and behavior and those of others.
d. eat, drink, and be merry because their fate was already determined and they could do
nothing about it.
The Huguenots
a. were one of the foremost Catholic families in Europe.
b. were denied any form of toleration in the Edict of Nantes.
c. were influenced by the queen mother to carry out the Saint Bartholomew's Day
Massacre.
d. were the Calvinist minority in France.
During the reign of Henry VIII, the English Reformation
a. adopted the tradition of John Wycliffe, stressing the Bible and the personal relationship
of the individual with God.
b. rejected most of Luther's ideas, but adopted Calvinism because of its stress on political
obedience.
c. resulted primarily from the king's denying the validity of the sacraments of the Roman
Catholic Church.
d. brought little change to the beliefs and practices of ordinary Christians in England.
The beliefs of radical Protestants such as the Anabaptists
a. were similar in most respects to those of Luther and Calvin on social and political issues.
b. tended to appeal primarily to the wealthy and literate merchant class in the towns and
cities of Europe.
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c. were related to earlier folk beliefs that had existed before the Reformation began.
d. stressed a quiet acceptance of existing institutions, except for the sacrament of baptism,
which they rejected.
The Jesuits were a
a. militant Protestant group that wanted nothing less than the complete destruction of the
Catholic Church.
b. Catholic organization that supported the work of priests and monks.
c. new Catholic order, created to promote the faith and combat Protestantism.
d. Protestant group whose members modeled their lives on that of Jesus.
The Reformation influenced the development of the modern world indirectly by
a. reducing the power of the state over the lives of ordinary people.
b. discouraging the growth of capitalism, which was criticized as being too worldly and
materialistic.
c. advocating complete religious freedom for everyone.
d. providing some justification for challenging the absolute authority of kings.
