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EXSC-510: Advanced Exercise Physiology Article Review
Meosha Jackson
Department of Health Professions, Liberty University
EXSC 510: Advanced Exercise Physiology
Dr. Andrew Bosak
March 5, 2023
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The article that I chose to do a journal review was quite interesting. The article relates to
exercise physiology in many ways. The article expresses how physical activity and exercises can
promote negative and positive outcomes. The article talks about how your mental state can be
affected by exercises. The two syndromes that discuss in the article relates to exercise physiology
completely. Exercise physiology explores the responses to exercise and the exercise training
environment to determine the impact of these influence on the ability to perform and adapt to
exercise training (Powers et al., 2021). The article illustrates the different environments and
responses that females adapt to while conducting physical activity and exercises. The research
that was conducted explain the differences between the different models and how the energy
deficiency in females correlated with the type of exercises or physical activity was conducted.
Also, the article explains the benefits of exercise and how it can affect the human health in male
and female. This article give the scope of human behaviors and how it relates to exercise
physiology. For example how having growth development can cause delays in the different
systems in the body. This will affect you if you try to compete in marathons because your body is
fully developed and your brain isn’t going to send signals to the appropriate systems.
The introduction of the article explains the importance of the two different models.
Researchers use two different models to explain how women and girls participating in physical
activity can be associated with negative outcomes. The first model is the Female Athlete Triad
which comes from research in 1997of and 2004. The second model is the RED-S, Relative
Energy Deficiency in Sport in 2014. Both models discuss the importance of how adequate intake
during physical activity can prevent negative health problems. The models include risk
mitigations (Williams et al., 2019). Triad focus on girls and women and the low energy that is
available and associated with different clinically outcomes. The RED-S model focus more on a
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broader range of both psychological and performance outcomes in both men and women and
calls for more research on the impact of race, ethnicity, and disability (Williams et al., 2019).
The article talks about both methods needed more research. The Triad models were
described in two different years. The first research was in 1993 and then again in 1997. The Triad
focus on the women and girls and the different diseases that cause low energy levels in order to
be able to have energy in physical activities. The only downfall to this model is we don’t know
the age range or the audience that was target. We need to know the target audience that the
researchers use so that we can collect and analyze more data from the girls and women. The
RED-S research took data from males and females. The data was a broader scope and focus on
the energy deficiency rather than 3 main sections like the Triad model. When conducting
research, you don’t want to have to many points you are trying to research because you won’t get
enough data for each.
The methods used in the Triad Model and RED-S model was similar. The researchers
took each model and broke it down into section. “The Triad researchers indicated that low energy
availability and disordered eating by indicating that low energy availability can occur with, or in
the absence of, disordered eating” (Williams et al., 2019). The RED-S model holds that the
phenomenon is not a triad of the three sections that a syndrome affects the aspect psychological
function, health, and athletic performance.
Each researcher had focus points. The Triad focus on 3 main entities, the bone health, the
menstrual function, and the energy availability. The RED-S focus more on the psychological
aspect in athletic performance not on in women but in men as well. RED-S is considered to
threaten a person health and warrant treatment. For example the article and the textbook talk
about how a person low energy level can cause cardiovascular issues because to the lipids and
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endothelial dysfunction. The Triad focus on the conditions of the three entities and how they are
associate with the metabolic and endocrine changes in a body. The Triad doesn’t necessary bring
threat to someone health, but it can cause a more psychological affect.
The author states that the research from both models must have been published at the
time in order to rigorous. The evidence from the Triad model was a huge debate because of how
a normal menstrual cycle can dependent a person critical level of body fat (Williams et al.,
2019). The researchers identified gaps in the study because of the lack of data and evidence that
were drawn from the Triad model.
The article is trying to show the difference in the two models. The only problem is that
both studies didn’t have enough evidence. Like I mentioned earlier, we don’t know the targeted
audience for both models. We are just seeing facts from researchers, clinicians, and practitioners.
This does not help the author understand the facts without factual data. I also think the author is
pushing towards the RED-S model because it not only focus on both sex group but it also gives
you a broader picture. The Triad model on focus on females and 3 made entities. The study isn’t
helpful if you have to many points and not enough factual data. The author found to many
debates and problems with the Triad model. The author thinks that the energy availability and
energy deficiency during a menstrual cycle and enhances or decreases a female bone health
while during physical activities. The author also mention the psychological affects that energy
deficiency can have on person health overall. This article was very interested and I didn’t think
of how a menstrual cycle can affect a person physical activity through the 3 entities especially
the bone health. Bone health is important when during physical activity.
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References
Powers, S. K., Howley, E. T., & Quindry, J. (2021). ISE Exercise Physiology: Theory and
Application to Fitness and Performance (ISE HED B&B PHYSICAL EDUCATION) (11th
ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Williams, N. I., Koltun, K. J., Strock, N. C., & De Souza, M. J. (2019). Female Athlete Triad and
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: A Focus on Scientific Rigor. Exercise and Sport
Sciences Reviews, 47(4), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000200
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