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Key Topics to Review for Quiz: Atlantic World (Chapters 4–7)
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Cultural and Educational Exchanges
● Degrees of Isolation from Other Cultures
Study how geographic, political, and religious factors shaped different regions' exposure
to other civilizations. Consider the contrast between isolated African or Indigenous
communities and highly interactive port cities.
● Education in the Niger River Valley
Review the role of Islamic scholarship in cities like Timbuktu. Understand the connection
between trade, Islam, and centers of learning (e.g., Sankore University).
● Factors Contributing to European Educational Developments
Think about how the Renaissance, the printing press, humanism, and religious reform
(Reformation) influenced educational growth and accessibility.
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Reformation & Education
● Christian Humanism in the Reformation Era
Christian humanists (like Erasmus) emphasized personal piety, Scripture reading, and
classical learning. See how this influenced reformers and education reforms.
● Luther’s Views on Contemporary Ideas
○ Aristotelianism: Rejected scholastic use of Aristotle as overly rational and not
Scripturally grounded.
○ Augustinianism: Aligned with Augustine’s view of grace and original sin.
○ Scholasticism & Thomism: Criticized these for being too speculative and
disconnected from Scripture.
● Luther’s Proposal for Educating the Masses
Advocated universal education, including for girls, to enable Bible reading. Called on
governments to fund schools for both boys and girls.
● Impact of Reformers on New World Education
○ Luther: Promoted literacy for biblical access.
○ Calvin: Influenced educational institutions in Geneva, supporting teacher
training.
○ Knox: Carried Calvinist ideas to Scotland, fostering public education systems.
● Reformation Doctrines and Education
Emphasis on Sola Scriptura (Scripture alone) made literacy and education essential for
faith formation and civic responsibility.
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Jesuits and Global Education
● Ignatius Loyola and Jesuit Philosophy
Jesuit education stressed discipline, rhetoric, classical learning, and Catholic
doctrine. Aimed to form intellectual and spiritual leaders.
● Educational Developments in South America
Jesuits built schools and missions aimed at converting and educating Indigenous
peoples, blending European Catholic teachings with local languages and customs.
● Jesuit Interaction in Kongo, Africa
Jesuits established schools and churches with initial cooperation from local leaders,
such as King Afonso I, who was Christian and valued education.
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People of Influence in the Atlantic World
● Atlantic Creoles
Mixed-heritage individuals (African, European, Indigenous) who often acted as cultural
brokers. Many were multilingual and instrumental in trade, diplomacy, and missionary
work.
● Rebecca Protten
A formerly enslaved African woman, she became a teacher and early Moravian
missionary. She promoted Christian education among enslaved Africans in the
Caribbean and contributed to the foundation of the Black church in the Americas.
