Quiz: Experimental and Ex Post Facto
Research
Question 1
2/ 2pts
Which of the following make time-series designs different from other
experimental designs?
They can rule out maturation effects.
They carry a greater possibility of testing effects.
They control for history effects.
They involve periodic measurements.
They include control groups.
Question 2
2/ 2pts
What is the MAIN factor lacking in a one-group pretest-posttest design?
randomization
accounting for maturation
a control group
assessing the effect of the pretest
Question 3
2/ 2pts
Single-subject experimental designs can have particular difficulty meeting
external validity requirements.
True
False
Question 4
2/ 2pts
Which of the following basic conditions are assumed in experimental design?
People behave in predictable ways.
A single explanation for causal relationships can be determined.
Causes covary with effects.
Causes precede effects in time.
Causes are necessary conditions for their effects.
Question 5
2/ 2pts
A between-subjects design tests a treatment on only one group of
participants.
True
False
Question 6
2/ 2pts
What is the main flaw in the static group comparison experimental design?
There is no way to determine if the groups are equivalent prior to treatment.
The experimental and control groups are given different posttests.
Selection bias alone ensures that there will be differences between the two
groups.
The treatment is only given to one group.
Question 7
2/ 2pts
Why is having controlled variables so important in experimentation?
It is the only way to determine what causes what.
Experimenters need to be able to measure outcomes.
One does not know ahead of time what the experimental results will be.
Experimenters must limit the number of variables they study.
Question 8
2/ 2pts
Randomization provides the necessary controls in educational research.
True
False
Question 9
2/ 2pts
Most educational experiments study the difference between:
equivalent control groups.
two or more different treatments.
a treatment condition and no treatment.
an experimental group and an extraneous group.
Question 10
2/ 2pts
Internal validity and external validity tend to go together.
True
False
Question 11
2/ 2pts
Which of the following are problems encountered in matching?
heterogeneous samples
restrictions in group size
regression to the mean
lack of prior studies
unknown dependent variables
Question 12
2/ 2pts
Matching subjects between the experimental and control groups is done with
respect to:
extraneous variables.
independent variables.
dependent variables.
random variables.
Question 13
2/ 2pts
Which type of experimental design has the LEAST experimental validity?
single-variable
preexperimental
factorial
quasi-experimental
Incorrect Question 14
0/ 2pts
In which of the following pairs of correlated observations would a common
cause be a plausible alternative explanation to causation?
poor student behavior and poor student nutrition
improved student behavior and less disciplinary action
student time spent on homework and student grades
higher test scores and less time spent on extracurricular activities
the beginning of the school year and student lethargy in class
Question 15
2/ 2pts
Which of the following types of evidence help support a claim that one
variable (X) is the cause of another variable (Y)?
X happens before Y.
X is the only independent variable.
X and Y are both observable events.
There is a statistical relationship between X and Y.
No other factors besides X could have determined Y.
Question 16
2/ 2pts
Although the randomized subjects, post-test only control group design lacks
a pretest, it can still ensure valid comparisons mainly because of its use of:
a control group.
matching.
randomization.
only one dependent variable.
Question 17
2/ 2pts
One commonality among the various threats to internal validity is that they
all:
are related to interactions between researchers and subjects.
allow for alternative explanations.
have to do with how data is gathered.
arise from statistical errors.
Question 18
2/ 2pts
Which of the following are types of experimental validity?
external validity
construct validity
internal validity
test validity
statistical conclusion validity
Question 19
2/ 2pts
One of the strengths of ex post facto investigations is that they are
rigorously controlled.
True
False
Question 20
2/ 2pts
What makes ex post facto research different from other types of research?
It uses random assignment of individuals to groups.
A factor is already determined by given circumstances.
There is an independent variable that the investigator can manipulate.
Its purpose is to gather data on selected groups in a natural setting.
Quiz Score:38out of 40
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