Implementing Design Patterns with Python Assignment Grading Rubric
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Selecting a pattern to be used in an
application or software task.
14 to 15 points
Pattern selected fits well in the
selected application.
11 to 13 points
Pattern selected will work in
selected application but does not fit
well and/or serve a beneficial
purpose
1 to 10 points
Pattern and application do not
fit well. For example, a
Mediator pattern makes little
sense in a single class
application.
0 points
Pattern and/or
application not
selected.
Singleton pattern integrated into a
previous assignment ensures that
there is only one instance of the
class in the application.
14 to 15 points
Code correctly implements the
Singleton pattern including just-in-
time initialization
11 to 13 points
Code correctly implements the
Singleton pattern but not just-in-
time initialization
1 to 10 points
Code implementing the
Singleton pattern is partially
correct
0 points
No implementation
Original application still functions
correctly after Singleton integration
14 to 15 points
No loss in functionality
11 to 13 points
No loss in functionality but usage
has new requirements
1 to 10 points
Some loss of functionality
0 points
No implementation
Documentation – source code is
well documented
5 points
Functions, variables, code blocks,
etc., are well documented.
Variable names follow industry
convention. Improper call syntax
results in a usage message back to
the user.
4 points
Modest but correct comments,
generally consistent and correct in
variable/function naming
1 to 3 points
Inaccurate and sparse
comments. Naming
conventions generally
inconsistent.
0 points
No comments
CSIS 354 Design Patterns Rev. B
Page 1 of 2
IMPLEMENTING DESIGN PATTERNS WITH PYTHON
Software Design Patterns may be thought of as blue prints or recipes for implementing common
models in software. Much like re-using proven classes in Object Oriented design, re-using
proven patterns tends to produce more secure and reliable results often in reduced time compared
to re-inventing the wheel. In fact, some high-level languages have integrated facilities to support
many common patterns with only minimal, if any, user written software. That said, in software
design and construction, often the challenge is to know that a pattern exists and be able to
recognize when it is a good fit for a project. To give you a familiar frame of reference, below is a
Singleton Pattern implemented in Java:
public class MySingleton {
// reference to class instance
private static MySingleton instance = null;
// Private Constructor
private MySingleton() {
instance = this;
}
// Returns single instance to class
public static MySingleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new MySingleton();
}
return instance;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
MySingleton s1 = MySingleton.getInstance();
MySingleton s2 = MySingleton.getInstance();
System.out.println("s1: " + s1 + " s2: " + s2);
}
}
If you run this example, you will see that the address for s1 and s2 are exactly the same. That is
because the pattern restricts the existence of more than one instance in a process. Of course this
example only implements the pattern but other functionality can be added to this class just as any
other class. The primary features of a singleton are:
1. Private or restricted constructor
2. Internal variable for holding reference to single instance
3. Static method for retrieving the instance
The primary goal of this assignment is not to teach you how to write singleton patterns in
Python, (though that’s part of it), but to familiarize you with the concept of design patterns as
well as give you experience in adapting one into one of your own designs.
Description
CSIS 354 Design Patterns Rev. B
Page 2 of 2
1. Using an Internet Search Engine, search for common software design patterns. There are
many good resources such as https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern.
Describe, in your own words, how one of these patterns could be used in an application
or software task. You are expected to write professionally, with proper grammar and
spelling, but you are not required to adhere to a specific format or cite any sources.
2. Pick one of your previous assignments, either from MindTap or one of your Distributed
Systems assignments and integrate a Singleton Pattern into it. Hint: Any class can be
made into a Singleton.
Test your code completely. At each step of the test take a screen shot and
embed it into a Word document. At the completion of the test compress (ZIP)
the Word document and your code into one ZIP file. Submit the ZIP file to the
appropriate assignment.
Submit your Python source files and Design Pattern document by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of
Module/Week 8.
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Introduction
According to Solmon (2018), academic integrity refers to adopting integrity on how college
students complete assignments and essays and approach examinations.
The main aim of academic integrity is to ensure that every type of Work College students submit
is their own and that they have correctly cited ad credited all references.
Academic Dishonesty
There are various academic dishonesty in schools and colleges, including copying from another
student during examinations times and allowing friends to copy your assignments.
Best and Shelley (2018) describe online copying as presenting taken academic documents and
parts of other academic information, paraphrasing, or duplicating academic papers from online
sources without acknowledging and crediting the sources.
In contrast, paraphrasing plagiarism refers to rephrasing academic text in your version without a
correct citation.
Self-Experience
There are numerous ways to avoid plagiarism, such as commit to doing original work, being
100% ethical when taking notes, and citing sources scrupulously.
Being 100% ethical in my note-taking is another excellent way that helps me avoid all types of
plagiarism.
However, there is another uncommon paraphrasing strategy that I rarely adopt that uses the 4 R's
formula.
Conclusion
Academic integrity means applying honesty to how learners handle academic assignments and
how they approach examinations.
It ensures that College students submit their original academic work and have appropriately cited
and credited all references.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 1
Academic Integrity
Student Number
Module name & code
Institution affiliation
Date
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 2
Introduction
According to Solmon (2018), academic integrity refers to adopting integrity on how
college students complete assignments and essays and approach examinations. The main aim of
academic integrity is to ensure that every type of Work College students submit is their own and
that they have correctly cited ad credited all references. On the other hand, academic integrity is
being authentic and fair with oneself and others about academic objectives and accomplishments
(Cronan et al., 2018, p. 200). Following such definitions, academic integrity is essential to both
students and instructors in school. One of the necessities of students adhering to school rules and
regulations is that it leads to staying safe and focused. That is because school, college, and
university rules and regulations concerning academic integrity help to maintain discipline and
honest work. The second importance is that school rules and regulations concerning academic
integrity play a significant role in ensuring that college students know how to submit original
work and the consequences of dishonest assignments (Cronan et al., 2018, p. 210). Solmon
(2018) indicates that following academic integrity rules and regulations ensures that students and
schools compete reasonably. It helps to ensure that universities and colleges do not collude to
improve their performances.
Academic Dishonesty
Tagane et al. (2018) reveal various academic dishonesty in schools and colleges,
including copying from another student during examinations times and allowing friends to copy
your assignments. Also, unapproved cooperation on take away assignments and examination
using notes during a closed learning material examination is among the types of academic
dishonesty. Some are apparent mistakes, including taking examinations for a friend or allowing
other students to do examinations for you. However, there are numerous official types of
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 3
educational deceit, including duplicitous, piracy, and online coping. Others include obtaining
unfair advantage, fabrication of information and authorized papers, and misrepresentation. Best
and Shelley (2018) define duplicitous as the illegal attempt or use of academic information,
information, education assistance, notes, communication, and devices during a closed book
academic assignment. For example, they were altering a graded academic exercise and
resubmitting it for more marks. Also, allowing other students to research and write assigned
academic papers, including applying commercial term papers services from the internet and
other academic sources. Plagiarism, in contrast, is the act of submitting another students' ideas,
writings, and research reports as your own and, for instance, applying uncommon knowledge
without crediting and acknowledging the sources—also, failure to acknowledge teamwork on
take away assignments and laboratory homework.
Best and Shelley (2018) describe online copying as presenting taken academic documents
and parts of other academic information, paraphrasing, or duplicating academic papers from
online sources without acknowledging and crediting the sources. It can also include cutting and
pasting from numerous internet sources without proper citation and referencing attribution.
Tagane et al. (2018) affirm that internet plagiarism leads to academic dishonesty activity
committed by college students. For that reason, students are encouraged to submit their
assignments and academic exercises through the turn tin portal. The other type is obtaining an
unfair advantage that entails any activity that deliberately or unintentionally offers a learner a
partisan advantage in the student's academic exercise over other students in the same faculty. For
example, divesting other learners' access to learning materials in the library by destroying,
stealing, concealing, and defacing them. Another example includes retaining and using
examination materials that vividly reveal that they should be submitted at the end of the
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 4
examination period. Lastly, misrepresentation can be described as any omission or act meant to
mislead a teacher/lecturer for academic favor. For example, they are lying to a lecturer trying to
improve the grade or lying to a lecturer when interrogated with allegations of academic
dishonesty.
Solmon (2018) defines the concept of plagiarism as submitting another person's academic
work or ideas as your own, with or without their agreement, through incorporating it into your
academic assignment without full citation and referencing attribution. The plagiarism may be
reckless, intentional, and unintentional. There are various types of plagiarism, including verbatim
plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and mosaic plagiarism. The other three types of plagiarism include
global plagiarism, paraphrasing, and incorrect citation. Global plagiarism refers to adopting
someone else entire work and submitting it off as your original academic work. For example, if a
student gets someone else to write an academic essay for them or submit a text found online as
their original work. Global plagiarism is among the most severe types because it involves
directly and deliberately lying about academic essays' authorship. Hence it has serious
consequences, including dismissal.
In contrast, paraphrasing plagiarism refers to rephrasing academic text in your version
without a correct citation. Another form of paraphrasing plagiarism is translating a text from a
different language without citing the source correctly. Also, reading an academic source and then
rewriting its fundamental ideas as if they were your original academic idea/text.
Cronan et al. (2018) state that verbatim plagiarism means directly copying text from
various sources and paste it into your original document without proper citation. E.g., having a
similar structure and majority of the original text. For that reason, students are encouraged to use
quotation techniques when they want to use an author's exact words from a given academic text.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 5
Mosaic plagiarism means duplicating academic passages, phrases, and ideas from various
academic sources and integrating them to develop a new academic document. That entails
marginally changing passages while keeping most of the words and structure similar to the
original document. Best and Shelley (2018) reveal that mosaic plagiarism required improved
effort and is more deceptive than copying and pasting from academic sources. Incorrect citation
is the other type that entails any incorrect quotations format rendering to the rubrics of the
reference panache being followed. For example, if students omit or include wrong placed all the
necessary evidence. I.e., that include wrongly formatted in-text credentials and a reference list, or
bibliography at the end of the academic document, giving all details of each academic source
used. Lastly, self-plagiarism refers to reprocessing academic work that you earlier submitted, and
it was graded. Although it is your work, it is considered plagiarism because of the double
submission of the same ideas and academic arguments.
Self-Experience
There are numerous ways to avoid plagiarism, such as commit to doing original work,
being 100% ethical when taking notes, and citing sources scrupulously. Other ways include
understanding better paraphrasing and not procrastinating with one's assignments and research. I
understand that good research takes time, and hence I overcome procrastinating because it makes
it likely to run out of time due to unduly pressured to complete. Allowing unduly pressure often
results in sloppy research habits and unpleasant academic decisions. For that reason, I plan my
research well in advance and seek assistance where necessary from my instructor, librarians, and
other college support staff. Another way I apply to avoid plagiarism is by committing to do my
original work. That is enhanced by talking with my supervisor if I do not understand an
assignment or research project assigned. I usually avoid taking the easy way out by requesting
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 6
my roommates and friends for duplicated old assignments. I also inquire to discuss with my
fellow students before writing my original work for individual assignments. However, for group
assignments, I only ensure that I present original ideas and texts to the group before integrating
the entire assignment to create a new document.
Being 100% ethical in my note-taking is another excellent way that helps me avoid all
types of plagiarism. I usually label my original ideas when taking notes from other academic
sources while keeping good records of the sources I have consulted and the theoretical ideas I am
adopting from those sources. If I am writing an academic paper, I will need that information for
my bibliographies or reference list anyway. That helps me benefiting from the good initial
organization from the assignment draft. Another way is through citing my sources scrupulously.
I continuously cite other author's theoretical work ideas, work, and phrases that I directly or
indirectly use in my academic paper. Despite the sources of information, such as books, articles,
websites, and texts, I constantly cite them. Also, when I use phrases and words directly from
other sources, I put such information in quotes to attribute the source. Due to the availability of
current style manuals online, I adopt the rules and obtain further advice on avoiding various
types of plagiarism. Lastly, I adopt the concept of understanding good paraphrasing techniques,
like using synonyms and scrambling the author's word. I usually manage this method because I
understand the sources and genuinely use my words to summarize key points and concepts.
I adopt various paraphrasing techniques when trying to avoid all kinds of plagiarism,
including recycling and re-purposing. Recycling involves taking the author's words and phrases
and turn them into a new sentence by inserting my original words and phrases to present a
similar idea (Prentice and Kinden, 2018, p. 13). Besides, this technique concentrates on changing
both words and sentence structure while maintaining the exact meaning of the paraphrased
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 7
sentence or article. When using this paraphrasing method, I always ensure that the new sentence
conveys a similar message as the original to ensure the reliability and validity of my academic to
the intended audience. On the other hand, re-purposing involves maintaining the same idea,
concept, and phrases while using completely different words to present a unique writing style
and voice along with the original author's concepts. That technique always follows a proper
citation at the end of the paraphrase to signal that the words are yours, but the original ideas are
from another cited source (Thienthong, 2018, p. 25). I prefer eths technique over recycling
because it offers a unique writing style and voice, which indicates an intention to present original
academic work. Also, when using this technique, I usually adopt various phrases, words, and
ideas from different sources to have a rich academic document that presents reliable and valid
information that can be applied in different academic fields.
However, there is another uncommon paraphrasing strategy that I rarely adopt that uses
the 4 R's formula. The 4 R's refers to read, restate, recheck, and repair. The read encourages the
student to read the academic passage to make a comprehensive understanding carefully. That
would help the student outline the main ideas and articulate the key points presented by the
sources. The restate ensures that I restate some of the critical points in my original writing voice.
It helps my academic document look unique with newly stated fundamental ideas, points, and
concepts, different from the source. Solmon (2018) affirms that rechecking only stresses
reviewing to ensure I have included all the important points presented by the author in my
document. It also ensures accuracy while presenting the articulated critical points from various
sources to have reliable academic information. Lastly, repairing entails ensuring that I have
corrected all misinformation in the final copy of the document. It also focuses on ensuring the
reliability and validity of the newly created academic report.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 8
Conclusion
Academic integrity means applying honesty to how learners handle academic
assignments and how they approach examinations. It ensures that College students submit their
original academic work and have appropriately cited and credited all references. There are
various types of academic dishonesty in academic settings, including copying from another
student during examinations, plagiarism, cheating, and obtaining partisan advantage. On the
other hand, verbatim plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and mosaic plagiarism are examples of
plagiarism types students often commit. However, plagiarism can be avoided by being 100%
scrupulous when taking notes and citing sources scrupulously. I ensure that I present original
ideas and texts from various sources before integrating the entire assignment to create a new
document through these ways. In conclusion, academic integrity is the key to authentic
performances in colleges and universities and enhances academic grades' quality, reliability, and
validity. Hence, universities and colleges should ensure that students follow the rules and
regulations regarding academic integrity to facilitate valued and improved quality education
output worldwide.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 9
Reference List
Best, L.M. and Shelley, D.J., 2018. Academic dishonesty: Does social media allow for increased
and more sophisticated levels of student cheating?. International Journal of Information
and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 14(3), pp.1-14.
Cronan, T.P., Mullins, J.K. and Douglas, D.E., 2018. Further understanding factors that explain
freshman business students’ academic integrity intention and behavior: Plagiarism and
sharing homework. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(1), pp.197-220.
Prentice, F.M. and Kinden, C.E., 2018. Paraphrasing tools, language translation tools and
plagiarism: an exploratory study. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(1),
pp.1-16.
Solmon, M.A., 2018. Promoting academic integrity in the context of 21st century
technology. Kinesiology Review, 7(4), pp.314-320.
Tagane, Y., Naganuma, N. and Dougherty, P., 2018. Academic dishonesty in extensive reading
programs: Stories and strategies from student interviews. The Language Teacher, 42(1),
pp.9-12.
Thienthong, A., 2018. Inferential Reasoning as a Means of Avoiding Plagiarism in
Paraphrasing. PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand, 56,
pp.9-32.
Software Design Patterns
Software design patterns are generally recycled resolutions to a commonly experienced
problem with a particular context in software design. That means that software design patterns
are not finished designs that can be malformed directly into machine code. Instead, it is a
template for showing possible solutions to particular software development problems adopted in
various situations. One of the best software design patterns is the builder, a creational design
pattern used by programmers. The programmers often apply this software design pattern to
demonstrate how a composite object gets created during application development. Besides, it
typically shows the relationships and interactions among objects without articulating the finished
application objects that are involved. For that reason, programmers use builder design patterns to
formalize best practices that solve common application problems when designing a system.
Similarly, the builder software design pattern is a structured method to application
programming transitional amid the stages of programming model and a tangible algorithm.
Therefore, application programmers should focus on improving builder design patterns and
ensure that it has two indications. Builders help application programmers to establish solutions to
shared problems, which allows them to keep code maintainable, extensible, and lightly joined. It
can also be integrated into application programming by decomposing problems into more minor
solvable software designing problems. In conclusion, the builder is among the best software
design patterns and allows the programmers to exploit earlier experience with improved
arrangements of objects. Besides, it ensures a significantly increased efficiency of the application
development process. Hence, application programmers apply a software design pattern in their
application development process and reap those benefits.
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