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DSM-5-TR-SUMMARY
DSM-5-TR Summary: Third Assignment
“All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.”
Personality Disorders
Overview
Personality disorders are characterized by an ingrained manner of perceiving, thinking,
and behaving that are messed up in an individual’s functioning and are not explainable by
cultural norms (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). These are maladaptive personality
characteristics that are prevalent in a variety of circumstances and reasonably persistent in the
sense that they seriously impede important areas of functioning.
Disorders
Paranoid personality disorder involves traits such as mutilation, persecution and jealousy,
or a pattern of being preoccupied with unjustified feelings that others are trying to harm
or control the individual.
Schizoid personality disorder is characterized primarily by the lack of social relationships
and reduced affective responsiveness (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Schizotypal personality disorder manifests as acute discomfort in close relationships,
though there are distortions in the perception of stimuli and emotional responsiveness,
besides having eccentricity.
Antisocial personality disorder shows a flagrant disregard for the rights of others and a
pattern of deceitfulness, impulsivity, aggression, and irresponsibility.
A borderline personality disorder is characterized by significant impulsivity, mood
swings, self-identity instability, and instability in interpersonal interactions.
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DSM-5-TR-SUMMARY
A histrionic personality disorder is characterized by dramatic emotional displays,
inappropriateness for the situation as well as lawsuits attention from others. Narcissistic
personality disorder involves having inflated self-importance, having a constant need for
attention, and being unable to relate to or care for other people.
Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by social anxiety, low self-esteem, and
hypersensitivity about being rejected.
Dependent personality disorder encompasses aspects of submissiveness, clinging, and
fear of being severed from a significant figure (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder presents a markedly elevated level of concern
with perfectionism, orderliness, and issues of control.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Potential factors contributing to the development of borderline personality disorder
include childhood experiences like harsh discipline, sexual abuse, parents' divorce or separation,
disrupted family, neglect, and inconsistent parenting. It often occurs with impulse control
disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and pure substance use disorders (American
Psychiatric Association, 2022). Despite that, with suitable treatment combining both
psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, such patients demonstrably recover the diagnosed BPD
manifestations in the course of 10 years while the functional disability persists.
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DSM-5-TR-SUMMARY
Somatic Symptoms
Overview
Distressing physical symptoms and excessive thoughts, behaviors and feelings related to
those symptoms characterize the somatic symptom and related disorders.
Disorders
Somatic symptom disorder includes preoccupation with one or more somatic symptoms
and which includes feelings, abnormal thoughts, and behaviors related to the symptom
for longer than is clinically warranted.
Illness Anxiety Disorder is diagnosed when a patient has an excessive preoccupation with
the idea of having a serious, undefined medical illness based on somatic complaints that
are not due to another medical condition (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Conversion disorder is also called as functional neurological symptom disorder where
there is loss of voluntary motor and sensory function which cannot be medically
explained.
Factitious disorder can be defined as the purposeful fabrication of feigned physical or
psychological symptoms where the motive is easily discernible even when no tangible
external incentives are likely to be received.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
The known risk factors for developing somatic symptom disorder consist of female
gender, adverse early childhood and traumatic experiences, such as physical or sexual abuse,
parental role modeling of illness behavior, contemporaneous anxiety and depressive disorders, as
well as stressful life events (American Psychiatric Association, 2022). Systematic behavioral
modification and CBT result in improved prognosis for patients due to a focus on the
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DSM-5-TR-SUMMARY
identification and changing of illness beliefs and behaviors, while a worsened course often
reflects reinforcement of sickness role and ineffective coping mechanisms.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Overview
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a class of ailments that have their roots in the
developmental phase and are typified by deficiencies in development that result in functional
limitations in the social, intellectual, vocational, or personal spheres.
Disorders
Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder) is characterized by significant
limitations in an individual's philosophical and adaptive functioning that become
apparent during the development period.
The communication disorders include speech sound disorder, language disorder,
childhood-onset fluency disorder which is also known as stuttering, and social
communication disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Autism spectrum disorder has specific criteria, which include social
communication/interaction impairment that is present in early childhood and must persist
until the affected individual is at least five years old; in addition, the affected person
exhibits repetitive, restricted, and stereotyped patterns of behavior/interests.
A consistent inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity tendency characterizes attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Specific learning disorder shows difficulties in particular academic skills like reading,
writing, or math that remain after the provision of appropriate instruction.
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DSM-5-TR-SUMMARY
Motor disorders include stereotypic movement disorder and developmental coordination
disorder.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Risk factors related to autism spectrum disorder are genetic factors, higher age of the
parents, low birth weight of the child, and gestational exposure to pollutants and certain drugs,
including valproic acid. Prognosis is better when the child is diagnosed earlier, and these early
intervention programs include vital analysis and skills training (American Psychiatric
Association, 2022). However, quantitative and qualitative difficulty in aspects of social
communication continues to be noticeable in most cases. It is often associated with other
conditions, such as Intellectual Developmental Disorder and Structural Language Disorder co-
occurrence.
