DSM-5-TR: Second Summary Set 1
DSM-5-TR Second Summary Set
Jean Yurek Harman
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
Counseling 546
Dr. Keny Felix
May 30, 2023
DSM-5-TR: Second Summary Set 2
Substance-related and Addictive Disorders
Overview
The substance-related disorders cover ten different classes of drugs from caffeine to
cannabis and everything in-between. These are not just people who use them recreationally but
people who use them in excess. This excess has to impact the clients ability to function in normal
daily tasks.
Disorders
Substance-related Disorders are the intoxication or withdrawal of any substance which
impairs your physiological, cognitive, or behavioral abilities to function on a daily basis. These
substances include but are not limited to caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids,
sedatives, stimulants, tobacco and other substances which are currently unknown. This disorder
can also include multiple substances used at the same time or separately over days. A disorder
can also include prescribed medications due to not using them the way they are prescribed or by
stopping without medical advice or guidance.
Alcohol-related disorders, cannabis-related, hallucinogen-related, Inhalant-related,
opioid-related, sedative- hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-related cover a vast scope of disorders. The first
is that of these disorder which is consistent use of the drugs that causes impairment due to a few
symptoms such as large amount consumption, activities that focus around alcohol, cravins and
failure of obligations due to use of alcohol, reduction in the participation in social and
recreational events, and hazards to the clients physical well-being due to consumption. This
disorder can range from mild to severe with multiple aspects including but not limited to
remission of these symptoms.
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Alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogen, Inhalant, opioid, sedative, hypnotic or Anxiolytic
intoxication is an impairment in judgment based on a large consumption of the drug listed. These
symptoms can be things such as impairment, slurred speech, the inability to walk or maintain
steady movement. These symptoms are only based on consumption. Alcohol,cannabis,
hallucinogen, Inhalant, opioid, sedative, hypnotic or Anxiolytic withdrawal is based on a large
consumption and the release of toxins from the body causes symptoms such as nausea, insomnia,
tremors etc. These symptoms cause a drastic amount of impairment and distress in normal daily
activities, and are not connected to any other medical conditions. Unspecified alcohol-related,
cannabis-related, hallucinogen-related, Inhalant-related, opioid-related, sedative- hypnotic- or
Anxiolytic-related disorders these disorders have symptoms of previous disorders however do
not meet all of the criteria for the other disorders. The symptoms for each of the medications can
alter slightly however, tend to directly impact their daily life and occupations while making
normal tasks a struggle.
The next disorder discussed is caffeine-related disorders which impacts daily abilities and
can cause withdrawal symptoms as the client would go to caffeine for any problems necessary.
People with caffeine intoxication consume greater than 250 mg of caffeine in multiple forms.
This consumption causes at least 5 of the following symptoms; restlessness, psychomotor,
rambling, twitching, flushed face, insomnia, excitement, nervousness etc. Caffeine intoxication
leads to caffeine withdrawal that is caused by prolonged daily use of caffeine. The symptoms
which arise are things such as difficulty concentrating, headaches, drowsiness, irritable mood etc.
These signs substantially impair occupations, and social functioning. Unspecified caffeine-
related disorders are an excessive use of caffeine but do not meet the criteria of previous
caffeine-related disorders.
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Tobacco-related disorders have four specific disorders, which are Ues-disorder,
withdrawal, mental disorders, and unspecified tobacco-related disorders. These symptoms are
similar to the other substance related disorders, and are caused by large amounts of consumptions
and withdrawal from use.
Non-substance-related disorders include gambling disorders that demonstrate a
significant distress that cause a large loss of money and manic episodes, lies, jeopardizing
relationships and jobs and affecting their life in negative ways. For a client to have a gambling
disorder they must meet 4-5 of the criteria associated with the disorder.
Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders
Overview
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders are disorders that connect to an exposure of an
challenging negative (traditionally) event during the clients lifetime. Several of these disorders
are often related to childhood events that negatively impacted the client and created additional
issues of ability to grow and flourish.
Disorders
Reactive Attachment Disorder, this disorder is where a child is emotionally withdrawn
and rarely or minimally seeks secure comfort when he/she is in distress or when someone else is
in distress around them. These children do not meet the autism criteria and often need an
intervention before the age of five to aid in classroom and life participation. Children with this
disorder often act as a developmental age of nine months old. Disinhibited Social Engagement
Disorder is a disorder where children have negative active boundaries to unfamiliar adults. These
children often are overly friendly and interact with adults they do not know with no fear. Often
this occurs when a child has been neglected by a caregiver or has been subject to consistent
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changes in primary caregiver. These children are often looking to create a stable primary
caregiver relationship so they interact with adults looking for that relationship. These children
will often walk away from the primary caregiver to find one that will give them attention and
create that bond.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder has two specific categories of six years and older and
younger than six years as the event impacts the child/adult differently. Posttraumatic is defined as
an event that the client directly experienced to themselves or in front of them. Both age groups
exposure to the following is what classifies it as PTSD. These events traditionally are actually
demonstrate death or threaten death, injury or sexual violence. These memories can be triggered
or create a stressor in the clients life. These clients often demonstrate persistent or recurrent
exposure to the events and negative altercations. People who experience PTSD often struggle
with marked arousal or reactivity and have negative alterations in their cognitive and moods.
These clients also have persistent avoidance to areas that will cause reactive stimuli.
Acute Stress Disorder features are symptoms of a death or threat of death or severe injury
that reoccurs and the client experiences symptoms of sed event for three days to one month, post
the event occurrence. The client demonstrates intrusive symptoms, negative moods, dissociative,
avoidance, and arousal symptoms which alter their social, and occupational situations.
Adjustment disorder is an event that occurs and symptoms are not relieved six months
after the occurrence of the event.If the event continues to occur that moves the client into PTSD.
These are events that have termination, such as divorce, financial or emotional impact.Prolonged
Grief Disorder is a diagnosis of stress twelve months after the loss and without improvements of
the symptoms and the loss is someone who is directly connected or close to the client
experiencing the symptoms. The twelve months outstretches the normal grieving period and
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produces a lack of coping and starts to severely impair their normal daily tasks. Other Specific
Trauma- and Stressor- Related Disorder is the category where the client does not meet all of the
criteria of other diagnosis however exhibits symptoms that are connected to Trauma or Stressors
that have occurred in the clients life. This client also has persistent symptoms that are delayed
from the event or onset of the event. Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder are
used when clients have characteristics of sed events; however, do not meet all other criteria of
any other diagnosis.
Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders
Overview
Obsessive-Compulsive disorders are directly connected to interactions that are without
thinking and often obsessive, meaning they complete them over and over again without realizing
that they are often doing them with persistence.
Disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)has things that are time consuming and cause the
affected to have to provide extra time in order to complete the behaviors. These behaviors tend to
be recurring and persistent with urges and mostly unwanted actions or thoughts. These behaviors
often cause anxiety and physiological effects. When someone with OCD they often find
themselves fighting the symptoms when stressors come to their life. In OCD eating disorders can
also arise.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder this is a client who is hyper focused on what they perceive as
flaws or defects in their physical appearance that others may not see or detect. These focuses
eventually cause hypervigilance of mirror checking or mental check to verify the connection to
other people. These preoccupations often cause impacts in the clients personal and professional
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life and their situations. Some negativity can cause eating disorders or severe weight loss due to
what the client appears to “see”.
Hoarding Disorder this disorder causes a struggle for the client to separate or get rid of
items they “See” value in regardless of their condition. Due to this struggle the client often
accumulates items creating a loss of space for living and clutter in their living space. These
symptoms are often so severe that they impact the hoarders' social, occupational and other
aspects of their life. In order to be classified as hoarding it may not be connected with any other
medical diagnosis.
Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) is a disorder in which the client has a recurring
habit of constantly pulling their hair and trying not to pull their hair. This causes other significant
distresses and cannot be connected to any other mental health or medical condition.
Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder is a disorder where the client consistently picks at
lesions and other items on their body and tries not to and starts a cycle. This cycle causes
impairment in the clients social, occupational and other areas of their life, however, cannot be
linked to drug abuse or any other medical or mental health conditions.
Substance/Medication-induced OCB and related disorders is OCB that is directly linked
to a substance or medication that is being taken by the client. This can be based on picking, hair
pulling,. and other repetitive body-focused behaviors that impact the clients social., occupational
and physical life. These diagnoses have no other connections to the OCB trait other than the
medication/substance. Other Specified OCB and related disorders is where the client has the
symptoms and characteristics of the disorder and causes significant distress and impairment
however cannot be connected to any of the other symptoms of the other diagnosis, examples are
like obsessive jealousy. Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders is where the
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client has OCD tendencies that cannot be directly or indirectly connected to any other diagnosis
or have several or a few different diagnoses from other specified disorders.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Disinhibited Social Engagement disorder risks and prognostic factors include but are not
limited to temperamental, environmental, genetic and physiological and course modifiers.
Temperamental risk factors have demonstrated that negative and directly blunt consequences can
decrease the appearance of the behaviors. Environmental impacts children over two years of age
and the prognosis is directly connected to the positive impact of the caregivers environment and
response. An improved and persistent positive environment remarkably increases the clients
prognosis in their future. There are some genetic and physiological connections however these
are still in the early stages of understanding and need more research. In order to alter a client's
disinhibited social engagement facts a caregiver must make positive changes and create a
normative caregiving environment that shows positive relationships and gains.
