LIBERTY UNIVERSITY JOHN W. RAWLINGS SCHOOL OF DIVINITY
Effective Leaders Know When to Take Risks and When to Exercise Restraint
CLED 700
A Paper Submitted to
the Faculty of the School of Divinity
in Candidacy for the Degree of
Doctor of Ministry Department of Christian Leadership and Church Ministries
By
Henry Edwin Shikuku
Lynchburg, Virginia
10/2022
Effective Leaders Know When to Take Risks and When to Exercise Restraint
No one leads by always playing it safe. Leadership is risky business, and leaders can be
found in many places along a risk continuum. We can put so-called risk-inclined leaders at one
end and risk-adverse leaders at the other.
This risk-inclined leader
Some leaders are drawn by risk. They’re invigorated by daring actions that cut against the
grain. They think that leadership, by definition, is moving ahead of the group, showing
independence and challenging others to adopt to the leader’s reality as their own. The leader as
an outlier, a visionary, a futurist and an innovator is intentionally destabilizing. In some ways,
David’s daring dancing fits here.
Risk-inclined leaders would do well to examine what compels them to disrupt the status
quo. Some leaders thrive on chaos and on keeping others off-balance; others congratulate
themselves for the bravery in consistently separating themselves from their organizations.
Some leaders cling to a variation of “Woe to you when all speak well of you” (Luke 6:26), finding
virtue in the very act of fomenting discontent in their groups.
Sean Martin, professor at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business, writes,
“[Some leaders tend to] demonstrate self-confidence and comfort with risk-taking — and sadly,
these traits may lead to the initial perception that they are impressive. But studies show that
they are also more likely to disparage others, take more than reasonable credit, hog
opportunities for themselves, engage in impulsive behavior, and respond defensively to
feedback.”
By definition, risk-taking creates uncertainty. In an environment of uncertainty, it may be
difficult to know just where a leader stands on any given day. Risk-inclined leadership can be
dangerous.
The risk-averse leader
Leaders on the opposite end of the leadership continuum are more risk adverse. These
leaders usually understand that cohesion and stability are far more important to an
organization’s mission than disruption. Steady and reliable leaders free their organization from
anxiety and uncertainty so that they can do their best work with confidence. Often, the culture
itself contains so much “whitewater” that organizations value a steady steering hand.
Steadiness is contagious. When an organization has a clear mission and vision, the leader
who adheres to those principles promotes predictability, trust, and focus. Predictability in an
organization increases its effectiveness, as members can stay attentive to the mission without
being distracted by anxious uncertainty. Effective leadership today consistently stresses
mindfulness, collaboration, teamwork, trust, relationship-building, and other similar skills.
Successful risk-adverse leaders are masters at analyzing changes in business and culture so
that they can discern what choices they are avoiding — and the few changes they will decide to
make. If challenging the status quo is called for, this kind of leader tends to carefully weigh the
risks. This approach raises a whole host of questions among peers and co-workers, however. Is
this leader avoiding change because of some higher principle? Is this leader exaggerating the
consequences of risk? Is this leader flat-out afraid? If you are a risk-averse leader, you need
people around you who are collaborative, trusting, clear-sighted, and unafraid to speak openly.
Courage is seen in both behaviors
My point is that courage can be seen in both behaviors. The risk-inclined leader shows
courage by holding steady, restraining impulses, trusting the process, and maintaining security.
The risk-averse leader shows courage by stepping out, breaking the pattern, challenging
expectations, and disrupting the status quo. Rarely is effective leadership defined solely by one
approach or the other. On the contrary, effective leadership is having the courage to act either
way and depend on the circumstances of a situation.
The courage of biblical leaders
Where would Jesus fall on this continuum? Without pinning a label, we clearly see him
exercise both aspects of courage in his ministry. True, the nature of his ministry was
intentionally provocative. His divine mission was to overturn old assumptions about the world
and inaugurate the kingdom of God. His confrontational entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday
and his overturning merchants’ tables in the temple are classic examples of a courage that
challenged, provoked, and antagonized.
Jesus also exercised restraint when restraint was more strategically effective. At the
wedding in Cana, Jesus’ mother urges him to do something when the wine runs out too soon.
He replies, “Woman, what concern is that to you and me? My hour is not yet come.” Near the
end of his life, while confronted by soldiers in a garden, he restrains a disciple from swinging his
sword. In his final hours, Jesus refrains from answering Caiaphas, resists the entreaties of Pilate,
endures ridicule and punishment, and allows himself to be crucified. All of that took courage.
David was tasked with inaugurating a new future for a new nation. How do you judge his
dancing? He clearly risked being provocative, even scandalous, in marking this bold beginning.
David chose scandal over safety as he inaugurated the united new kingdom.
