SUMMARY SET 2
Author Note
Melissa Martinez
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to
Melissa Martinez
Email: msstroup@liberty.edu
DSM Summaries Assignment: Summary Set 2
Melissa Martinez
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
1
Overview
SUMMARY SET 22
DSM Summaries Assignment: Summary 2
Substance Use Disorders
All of the following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th
Edition, Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted.
Overview
Substance Use Disorders all involve cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms
that directly result from individuals using substances.
Disorders
Substance use refers to an individual exhibiting a chronic relapse and compulsive pattern
of taking substances. Substance withdrawal symptoms occur when an individual who has
maintained prolonged and extensive use of substances reduces or stops their use of substances.
These symptoms result from the blood or tissue concentration of substances declining within the
individual's body. Substance intoxication involves an individual's central nervous system
experiencing physiological effects from a substance and further resulting in clinically significant
psychological and behavioral concerns. Other Specified Disorder involves an individual
exhibiting a problematic pattern while using a substance that cannot be classified within the other
nine substance classes specified in any other substance use disorder.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Regarding Opioid Use Disorder, this disorder is significantly associated with
externalizing traits like impulsivity, novelty-seeking, and disinhibition. Strong genetics, as well
as peer and social environments, contribute to Opioid Use Disorder.
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
SUMMARY SET 23
Disorders in this diagnostic class involve individuals experiencing psychological distress
after exposure to traumatic or stressful life events.
Disorders
Reactive Attachment Disorder is when a child rarely or minimally relies on an attachment
figure for emotional or physical support, protection, and nurturance. Disinhibited Social
Engagement Disorder is when a child behaves overly familiar with strangers, and this overly
familiar behavior violates societal norms, expectations, and boundaries. Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder involves individuals experiencing clinically significant and debilitating symptoms
resulting from direct or indirect exposure to one or more traumatic events. Acute Stress
Disorder involves individuals experiencing similar symptoms to posttraumatic stress disorder,
but these symptoms only last three days to one month after the traumatic or stressful exposure.
Adjustment Disorder is when individuals experience emotional or behavioral symptoms
directly from a specific stressor. Prolonged Grief Disorder is when individuals experience
prolonged maladaptive grief that presents more than 12 months after the death of a loved one.
Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder involves individuals experiencing
clinically significant symptoms of a trauma- and stressor-related disorder, but the individual does
not meet the full criteria for any of the trauma- and stressor-related disorders in the diagnostic
class, and the clinician indicates the specific reason for the criteria not being met. Unspecified
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder involves individuals experiencing clinically
significant symptoms of a trauma- and stressor-related disorder, but the individual does not meet
the full criteria for any of the trauma- and stressor-related disorders in the diagnostic class, and
the clinician does not indicate the specific reason for the criteria not being met.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
SUMMARY SET 24
Regarding Prolonged Grief Disorder, environmental factors increase the risk of being
diagnosed, as individuals are at a higher risk of being diagnosed if there is an increased
dependency on the deceased before their death, by the death of a child, or by a violent, tragic, or
unexpected death.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Overview
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders involve excessive or persistent
preoccupations and rituals beyond developmentally appropriate periods.
Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder involves the presence of obsessions and compulsions within
an individual. Body Dysmorphic Disorder is when individuals experience preoccupation with
one or more perceived flaws or defects in their physical appearance. Hoarding Disorder occurs
when individuals experience persistent difficulty ridding or parting with personal possessions.
Trichotillomania is when an individual recurrently pulls out their hair. Excoriation Disorder
occurs when an individual recurrently picks at their skin. Substance/Medication-Induced
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder occurs when individuals experience symptoms of
an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that are deemed to be the direct result of a
substance or medication. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another
Medical Condition occurs when individuals experience symptoms of an obsessive-compulsive
and related disorder that directly results from another medical condition. Other Specified
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder is when individuals experience symptoms of an
obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, but the individual does not meet the full criteria for
any of the disorders in this diagnostic class, and the clinician specifies the reason for the criteria
SUMMARY SET 25
not being met. Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder is when individuals
experience symptoms of an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, but the individual does
not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in this diagnostic class, and the clinician does
not specify the reason for the criteria not being met.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
Regarding Trichotillomania, there is a genetic vulnerability as well as individuals or their
first-degree relatives being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder having a higher risk of
this disorder than the general population.
SUMMARY SET 2
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (5th ed., Text Revision). American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
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