DSM-5-TR Summary Set 3
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DMS-5-TR Summaries: Somatic Symptoms, Neurodevelopmental, and
Schizophrenia Spectrum
School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University
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DSM-5-TR Summary Set 32
DMS-5-TR Summaries: Somatic Symptoms, Neurodevelopmental, and
Schizophrenia Spectrum
Somatic Symptoms Disorders
Overview
The following information was taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th Edition,
Text Revision (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) unless otherwise noted. Somatic
Symptom Disorders are defined by the presence of physical symptoms or complaints that cannot
be thoroughly clarified by an underlying medical condition. These disorders are characterized by
excessive worry about the symptoms, disproportionate distress, and a strong focus on the body,
which frequently results in serious functional impairment.
Disorders
1.Somatic Symptom Disorder: Somatic Symptom Disorder is characterized by the
occurrence of one or more distressing somatic (physical) symptoms that interfere with
daily life and lead to excessive feelings, thoughts, or behaviors associated with the
symptoms. There may or may not be a known medical reason for the symptoms.
2.Illness Anxiety Disorder: Illness Despite little to no medical evidence, anxiety disorder
involves excessive worry and obsession with having a serious illness. Minor bodily aches
and pains could be misinterpreted by some as symptoms of a serious medical condition.
3.Conversation Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder): Neurological
symptoms that cannot be accounted for by other neurological or medical conditions are
what define conversion disorder. These signs could include paralysis, weakness, trouble
speaking, or seizures.
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4.Factitious Disorder: Factitious Disorder involves deliberately producing or feigning
physical or psychological symptoms in order to act sick and seek medical attention.
People will often go to great lengths to trick medical professionals.
5.Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Body Dysmorphic Disorder is categorized under Obsessive-
Compulsive and Related Disorders but can also be included in this category due to its
involvement in somatic issues. It is characterized by a chronic obsession with alleged
physical flaws or defects.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
In Somatic Symptom Disorder, prognosis depends on factors like age of onset and Duration of
Untreated Disorder Symptoms (DUDS), with shorter DUDS linked to better outcomes.
Comorbid psychiatric conditions, especially anxiety or mood disorders, complicate the disorder's
course, necessitating integrated treatment. Cognitive factors like health-related anxiety or illness
beliefs are crucial, addressed through cognitive-behavioral therapies. Social support, service
access, and support network quality positively impact prognosis. Medication adherence,
especially for psychiatric medications, is vital for symptom management and recovery. These
factors shape the disorder's trajectory, underscoring the need for early, comprehensive, and
integrated treatments to improve long-term outcomes.
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 34
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Overview
According to the DSM-5-TR, neurodevelopmental disorders are a class of illnesses marked by
early-onset developmental abnormalities that predominantly impact several facets of
neurological and psychological functioning. There is a considerable impairment in social,
cognitive, and adaptive functioning associated with these diseases, which often present in
childhood and adolescence.
Disorders
1.Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD involves enduring difficulties in social contact
and communication as well as constrained, repetitive patterns of conduct. There is a
spectrum of presentations due to the wide variation in symptom severity.
2.Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): ADHD is characterized by signs of
impulsivity, hyperactivity, and/or inattention that interfere with day-to-day activities.
These signs frequently appear in children and might linger until adulthood.
3.Specific Learning Disorder: The term specific learning disorder refers to problems
learning and using academic skills like reading, writing, or arithmetic while receiving
adequate education and learning chances.
4.Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Development Disorder): Intellectual Disability is
characterized by deficiencies in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with an
early onset. The range of severity is from minor to profound.
5.Communication Disorders: Language, speech sound production, and social
communication deficiencies all fall under the category of communication disorders.
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Speech fluency, social pragmatics, and expressive and receptive language all may be
impacted by these diseases.
6.Motor Disorders: Motor disorders, such as Developmental Coordination Disorder and
Stereotypic Movement Disorder, cause problems with coordination and control of the
muscles in the body.
7.Tic Disorders: The occurrence of motor and/or vocal tics is a defining feature of tic
disorders such Tourette's Syndrome, Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, and
Provisional Tic Disorder.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
For Tic disorders the age of onset is important since an earlier beginning, frequently in
childhood, indicates a more difficult and prolonged course. The prognosis is made more difficult
by comorbid diseases like ADHD or OCD. Targeted cognitive-behavioral interventions are
necessary because to the importance of cognitive variables in tic intensity and suffering. Positive
family dynamics and supportive social surroundings have an influence on prognosis. with
symptom management, medication compliance is essential, especially with antipsychotics.
Together, these variables influence the outcome, placing an emphasis on early intervention,
thorough care, and support for better long-term results, particularly in pediatric situations.
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 36
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Overview
According to the DSM-5-TR, a group of severe and persistent mental disorders known as
schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by abnormalities in thinking, perception,
emotion regulation, and behavior. These disorders typically start to show up in early adulthood
and are linked to significant functional impairment across a number of domains.
Disorders
1.Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is characterized by a mix of positive and negative
symptoms (hallucinations, delusions). It is common to have poor social and professional
functioning.
2.Schizoaffective Disorder: Schizoaffective disorder involves a confluence of
schizophrenia symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, and mood disorder
symptoms (major depressive or manic episodes).
3.Schizophreniform Disorder: Schizophreniform Similar to schizophrenia, but lasting less
time (at least one month, but less than six months), the disorder is defined by these
symptoms. However, it could develop into schizophrenia.
4.Brief Psychotic Disorder: The symptoms of brief psychotic disorder are rapid, fleeting
(less than one month), and psychotic in nature. They are frequently triggered due to
stressors.
5.Delusional Disorder: For delusional disorders, the majority of cases involve non-bizarre
illusions that endure for at least a month. There are no other notable psychotic symptoms
present along with these delusions.
Risk and Prognostic Factors
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 37
Delusional Disorder prognosis hinges on factors like age of onset, duration from symptom onset
to treatment (DUDS), comorbidities, cognitive function, social support, medication adherence,
and family support. Earlier onset and shorter DUDS often correlate with better outcomes.
Comorbid conditions, like substance use or mood disorders, can complicate prognosis,
emphasizing comprehensive care. Cognitive function impacts prognosis, warranting cognitive
therapy. Social support, service access, and medication adherence positively influence recovery.
A supportive family environment is crucial. These factors collectively shape Delusional
Disorder's trajectory, underscoring the importance of early, comprehensive interventions for
improved outcomes.
DSM-5-TR Summary Set 3
References
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric
Association, 2022.
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