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Supply Chain & Just-In-Time
Literature Review: Supply Chain & Just-In-Time
Anthony Soricelli
DBA: Marketing, Liberty University
BUSI 740: Managing the Supply Chain
Dr. Spotts
October 5th, 2024
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Abstract
This literature review will cover the impact of using a just-in-time (JIT) strategy in an
organization’s supply chain operations. Just-in-time strategy is described to give the reader
insight into how JIT can affect a supply chain. Along with JIT, supply chain management will
also be described for better understanding. Also will cover methods and standards for finding the
research provided to support this literature review. Key points to be discussed are processes of
procurement, manufacturing, distribution, information sharing, and human involvement.
Followed by raising questions for further research. Lastly, the literature review will include a
faith integration that focuses on the Genesis model. The Genesis model focuses on the creation-
fall-redemption-consummation framework, which will drive a connection within the supply
chain.
Keywords: Just in Time Strategy, Supply Chain Management, Procurement, Manufacturing,
Distribution, Information Sharing, Human Involvement
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Introduction
This paper provides a thematic literature review of how the just-in-time (JIT) strategy can
be strategically applied to a supply chain successfully. It will be supported by an overview of the
procurement process, manufacturing process, distribution processes, information sharing, and
human involvement that ties together operating a supply chain under the JIT strategy. Followed
by incorporating faith to drive connections between supply chain and faith. This will be
supported with a strong emphasis on the Genesis model, providing a connection between faith
and the supply chain to further God’s message.
Just-In-Time
Just-in-time (JIT) is a supply chain strategy that aims to reduce inventory costs by
focusing on delivering goods exactly when they are needed. The goal of the JIT strategy is to
improve efficiency and cash flow by simplifying operations while at the same time minimizing
waste. Wang et al., (2024) discussed how the failure to consider the JIT strategy can result in
additional costs for an organization. According to Wang et al., the JIT strategy requires more
frequent deliveries that are on time, which will lead to higher costs. They need to provide goods
only when needed to avoid excessive inventory issues.
Just-in-time has two techniques: internal and external, where each handles a side of the
JIT strategy to become effective. Internal techniques focus on employee relations, executive
management backing, and training of employees. Employee relations are vital for supply chain
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operations in general due to managing employee participation, recognition, teamwork, and
organizational awareness. Ahmed et al., (1991) explain how executive management backing is
the first step in implementing a just-in-time strategy into an organization’s supply chain.
Training is a critical element in all aspects of organizations and very vital when successfully
implementing a just-in-time strategy. When an organization puts effort into training, this
typically leads to better organizational success in all departments and strategies.
External techniques, on the other hand, involve practices like supplier value-added
services and transportation services. The external techniques are just as crucial to the success of a
just-in-time strategy as internal techniques are. Supplier value-added practices are practices that
focus on great customer service that builds trust between both parties, bringing value to the
organization. Building this trust is important to the utilization of a just-in-time strategy because it
can lead to a decrease in the number of suppliers an organization has, which leads to dependence
on the smaller group of suppliers. Zeng et al., (2024) discuss the importance of the value-added
service strategy to a supply chain. According to Zeng et al., a value-added service strategies
platform provides extended services to cater to the many needs of potential suppliers and
manufacturers in different periods.
Transportation in a supply chain is typically based on the supplier’s schedule, but when a
just-in-time strategy is implemented, the buyer schedule gets to determine delivery dates. This
allows the buyer to have a minimal amount of inventory on hand, which drives their cost down.
The flip side of this is that it’s expected that deliveries will be faster and more responsive. Both
internal and external techniques of JIT show how it can have a positive impact on an
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organization’s supply chain management performance. Just-in-time helps organizations gain a
competitive advantage by always having an inventory reduction. This becomes beneficial for an
organization due to lower production costs, better product quality, shorter lead times, and
reduced inventory costs compared to competitors in their field of work.
There are so many benefits to just-in-time, which include cost-efficient production,
quality improvement, and waste elimination. JIT is known to improve many factors of the supply
chain, like productivity, supplier relationships, and storage space utilization. It also brings along
reductions in a supply chain, like reductions in costs associated with storage, manufacturing
time, work in progress, and defective goods being delivered. JIT is beneficial to handle sudden
shifts in demand due to its ability to handle it in a timely fashion without enduring a build-up of
unsold inventory. This ultimately leads to increased customer satisfaction and profitability for an
organization.
As much as a just-in-time strategy has a lot of benefits for a supply chain, it also has its
flaws. This strategy can lead to organizations running out of stock, having a lack of control over
time frames, and will require more time to plan out operations. Utilizing just-in-time means,
organizations do not carry large amounts of stock due to demand forecasts. Now, if the demand
forecasts are incorrect, the organization can risk not having the supply to meet consumers’ needs,
which can lead to consumer dissatisfaction. This is a major downfall with implementing a just-
in-time strategy due to an overall lack of control over time frames.
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With a strategy like JIT, it puts pressure on the organization because if their suppliers
don’t deliver in a timely fashion, this could lead to delaying customer orders and drive customer
satisfaction into the ground. This problem is avoidable, though, because just-in-time real hones
in on trust between members of the supply chain. If a supplier has a history of being late, that
breaks the trust, and the organization can easily search for a new supplier. Another risk typically
associated with just-in-time is the amount of time needed for the organization to understand sales
trends and variances for forecasting demand. For example, seasonal sale periods will require
more planning due to having to alter the demand curves of products and services.
Supply Chain Management
Over 30 years since the phrase “supply chain management” entered the managerial
lexicon, first noted in 1982 by Oliver and Webber (Christopher et al., 2014). A supply chain is a
network of organizations that are involved in the different processes and activities that produce
value in the form of goods and services. A lot has changed in the process of supply chain
management due to having to adapt to expansion to keep pace with globalization and increasing
competition in business. Supply chain management is the coordination of a production flow from
sourcing raw materials and components an organization needs to create a final product for the
customer. Supply chain management evolution was defined as:
The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) was born and brought a new facet to
company management, knocking down barriers both inside and outside the company in a
quest for the integrated management of the whole supply chain. In this new business
context, competition is no longer firm against the firm but has moved on to a higher
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plane, with the generation of supply chain against supply chain competition. (Alfalla-
Luque et al., 2009, p.203)
Supply chain management has been a topic of conversation throughout the years due to
the important part it plays in making an organization successful. Asgari et al., (2019) state that
logistics are the foundation of any supply chain. According to Asgari et al., supply chains consist
of the coordination of material, information, and money in competitive business environments as
well. The purpose behind a supply chain in an organization is to launch new products and
services and reduce working capital across networks while delivering exceptional service
successfully. Today’s technology makes this challenging for an organization due to consumers’
ability to easily compare and contrast products, which could lead to them losing sales.
Consumers also make it challenging for an organization with their high expectations for faster
deliveries and increased flexibility in the buying process. This ultimately leads to increased
pressure on the supply chain to maximize efficiency while still managing to be profitable. The
most efficient supply chains are the ones that can quickly deliver products to customers while
maintaining low costs compared to their competitors.
Methods and Standards
When conducting an in-depth literature review on just-in-time strategy and the supply
chain, there are server methods and standards to abide by. Several measures were taken to
deliver a review of the literature of higher standards on just-in-time and supply chain
management. There was an in-depth search of peer-reviewed academic journals completed based
on keywords, including terms like just-in-time, strategy, supply chain management, procurement,
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manufacturing, distribution, information sharing, information technology, and human
involvement. The Liberty University library database was used to find all credible sources that
connect with the topic at hand. Liberty University’s library sources were chosen carefully,
sorted, and checked for missing information. These sources were used in the research to provide
an extensive literature review. The reviewed literature was analyzed to highlight important
features of the existing literature. The search process uncovered many peer-reviewed articles
published from as early as 1980 up to 2024.
Just-In-Time and the Supply Chain
Just-in-time is a vital strategy of an organization’s supply chain management due to its
role in inventory flow management throughout the supply chain. A just-in-time strategy works in
multiple processes of the supply chain. Processes like procurement, manufacturing, and
distribution are each analyzed in detail, with how a just-in-time strategy is implemented in each
process. Just-in-time focuses on efficient operations and the elimination of waste. The first step
in the supply chain is procurement where the focus is on the process of seeking out and obtaining
the required materials from an external source.
The next step is the manufacturing process, where the materials gathered in the
procurement process are refined into basic parts and assembled into a finished product. Lastly,
the distribution process is how the organization makes its products available to consumers.
Typically, distribution plans can be done directly by the producer or through indirect channels
with distributors. Guo et al., (2017) state a firm’s distribution strategy often evolves, as firms
start by selling through one type of channel before widening their distribution strategy at a later
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stage. The overall distribution channel should add value to the customer. Each of these steps in
the supply chain is discussed further in the next part of this literature review. Additionally,
discussing how information sharing and human involvement factors impact the supply chain as
well.
Procurement Process
Procurement plays a crucial part in the supply chain by focusing on the process of
sourcing and acquiring materials for operations. This process typically involves supplier
selection, cost control, quality management, and contract negotiation. Federgruen & Yang (2011)
discussed how the optimal procurement strategy can be obtained with an efficient plan that
ensures each period doesn’t exceed the maximum inventory level. Current research across the
literature focuses on the use of time-based procurement. Time-based procurement finds that if a
supply chain is going to be effective they have to yield maximum profit for the buyer by
implementing fixed prices and fixed-time contracts
Electronic procurement has been popular in recent years deriving from the time-based
procurement concept. E-procurement has taken over most aspects of the global market due to the
various e-commerce models used and relied on in business nowadays. The process of
requisitioning, ordering, and purchasing goods and services online are all aspects that embody e-
procurement. This leads to important additions like improved relations with suppliers, increased
customer service and satisfaction, and increased efficiency with lower costs which are all
benefits of electronic procurement. E-procurement is wanted nowadays due to its process that
supports just-in-time practices through the just-in-time inventory method. In other terms, it
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highlights the movement of material into a specific location at the required time. This helps
eliminate a barrier that adopting a just-in-time strategy brings in having to deliver on time.
For this method to work, each operation, including customer demand, must work together
to reduce the need to store unnecessary levels of material. Just-in-time is an integral part of the
success of the procurement process in a supply chain model. Procurement and supply chain
management help maximize profits for an organization. At the same time, it helps balance
supplier quality, assurance, and innovation. Organizations that use procurement successfully
focus on finding new ways to drive supplier collaboration, better manage partnerships for
competitive differentiation, and maintain strategic cost savings that set them apart from their
competitors. Excellent procurement practices help manufacturers better manage their supplier
engagement across product lifecycles and better understand the forecast for demand. As
technological advances occur, efficient and scalable collaboration is vital for all processes in a
supply chain.
Manufacturing Process
When it comes to the manufacturing process of the supply chain, its main focus is
production activities scheduling throughout all departments of the supply chain. In this stage of
the supply chain, products are designed, produced, tested, packaged, and synchronized for
delivery. For this to be successful, all moving parts of the supply chain need to be scheduled
using a just-in-time strategy to keep inventory small and lead times short. Large networks of
manufacturing processes are usually prone to extensive and expensive preventive maintenance
and quality control inspection times (Ilie et al., 2024). Reduction of cycle time, on-time delivery,
and new product development are all results that are looked at in the manufacturing process.
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For a just-in-time manufacturing process to work, it requires structure and direct
processes. Nakamura et al., (1998) state that just-in-time manufacturing practices in the United
States are determined by set-up time reduction, schedule flexibility, specific equipment layout
configurations, pull system support, and just-in-time purchasing buy relations. The addition of a
just-in-time strategy improves the manufacturing infrastructure by bringing discipline to the
organization.
As there are tons of benefits to just-in-time, there are also parts of just-in-time practices
that are not as effective if used incorrectly. Quality management practices are more effective in
certain cases, but just-in-time practices play a vital role in improving the manufacturing process.
This doesn’t mean that using just-in-time will provide optimal plant performance, though. For an
organization to have successful supply chain management, manufacturing must consider how the
technology they rely on plays a major part in distribution costs, company infrastructure, and
supplier and customer integration.
Distribution Process
Lastly, the final stage of the supply chain is the distribution process where the action of
delivering a product or service to the consumer takes place. In this stage, managing returns, and
issuing refunds is a vital task. Distribution channels are broken down into 4 types. Direct selling,
sales through intermediaries, dual distribution, and reverse channels. Direct selling corporates the
sale of products directly from manufacturer to seller. Sales through intermediaries, on the other
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hand, use wholesalers and retailers to make the products available to consumers. The third type
is dual distribution, which refers to using multiple channels simultaneously.
This distribution type also deals with reverse channels referring to goods that go from
consumers to intermediaries. This would be the resale of the product or recycling of the product.
Distribution channels are relied on to eliminate the number of transactions. Consumers rely on
the ability organizations have to provide an easy flow of goods which a distribution channel
focuses on sorting, accumulating, and allocating goods to respond to the consumers’ needs. Just-
in-time distribution is an important supply chain strategy that is in charge of matching orders to
suppliers with production and delivery schedules. The just-in-time distribution process requires
each manufacturer to supply the correct quantity of products at the right time and to the right
locations. The importance of delivery time and cost are the main factors of the success of the
just-in-time strategy, but there are other factors like information sharing that need to be
considered as well.
Information Sharing
Technology is forever changing in the world of business. The way information is
received by technology and the innovation technology brings leads supply chain management to
create new value for consumers through improved process operations. Information sharing
ultimately is the exchange of important data and proprietary information. Supply chain
operations need to adapt to technological advances and get on board with the information-
sharing techniques that require high-end technology to be in place. JIT has been implemented in
many organizations due to the ability it brings to drive rapid communication across the entire
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supply chain. Only with proper implementation of information technology, this support it brings
to supply chains helps organizations increase productivity and lower costs. The technology used
to support efficiency and information sharing across the supply chain helps with the stabilization
of inter-organizational structures. In an information-oriented society, information sharing is a
critical aspect of collaboration in SCM (Kim et al., 2016).
The effect information technology has on inter-organizational collaboration is primarily
based on an interplay between technology and existing relationships between collaborators in a
supply chain (Chae et al., 2005). This century shows a dire need for information and
communication technologies for organizations to be competitive. These technologies bring tasks
like data collection, analysis, and knowledge exchange throughout the processes of the supply
chain. They also allow organizations to perform electronic data interchange and enterprise
resource planning. The communication side of technology brings multiple programs that make
communication throughout the supply chain and organization faster and smoother to boost
productivity.
Electronic database systems have completely changed the world of communication for
organizations. Due to all these new electronic databases, organizations get to convert paper
communications into digital formats, which leads to more effective and efficient communication
throughout the supply chain. Today’s competitive-driven global supply chains rely on common
planning, problem-solving, and information sharing across each facet of business. All these
technologies also lead to higher consumer satisfaction and consumer communication that makes
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consumers feel that they are heard. Consumer satisfaction is only achievable when organizations
invest in real-time inventory data.
Baah et al., (2022) discuss how an organization’s ability to ensure acquisition and sharing
of such information across its supply chain will have an impact. Organizations will experience
enhanced supply chain collaborations, visibility, agility, competitive/collaborative advantage,
and supply chain performance with the information they acquire (Baah et al., 2022). Currently,
organizations have the privilege of software programs that allow them to consolidate all
information of the supply chain into one program, managing their inventory efficiently.
Importantly, organizations that focus on the implementation of technology can enhance
consumer communication through the use of vital information sharing but, at the same time, need
to rely on human involvement to make sure operations run smoothly.
Human Involvement
Human involvement plays an important role when an organization is trying to implement
a strategy like just-in-time in the supply chain. The internal and external factors that affect just-
in-time in the supply are managed by human involvement. Internal techniques like employee
relations, the backing of executive management, and training require effective human
involvement. Huo et al., (2015) state that the successful application of these techniques in a
supply chain relies largely on human behavior. Workplace safety, efficiency, culture, training,
performance, and risk management are all human factors that an organization has to take
seriously to make sure their employees are protected.
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In today’s work environment, human behavior across the supply chain creates
challenging situations due to gender, personality, and technical competency. Humans are
struggling with putting up with technological advances, but results show that humans still can
produce quality work. Artificial intelligence has taken over some human-held jobs, but it is still
in the early stage, where human involvement is still required for operations to go smoothly.
Humans are still involved with the creation, implementation, and cancelation of technology,
where they ultimately decide what technological advances benefit operations. Humans, unlike
technology, derive from different experiences, thoughts, beliefs, biases, and abilities that bring
different aspects to the task at hand.
If employees are not managed effectively, the vital human involvement an organization
thrives off of can decline in many ways. Humans can decline in productivity, interest, profits,
and consumer satisfaction. Instances like those are why organizations put a lot of effort into their
human resource management team to try to mitigate potential issues. Support through executive
management, channels, infrastructure, and governance is needed to achieve exceptional levels of
supply chain success (Fawcett et al., 2006). The driving force behind this support would be the
consistency of communication between workers of the supply chain and all other departments to
achieve the same goal.
The key communicators should be leaders from executive management who should
participate in meetings, where workers can build a better bond with them and influence efficient
communication throughout the supply chain. All moving parts of the supply chain rely on
communication to successfully use just-in-time and to combat anticipated problems before they
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negatively affect the supply chain process. As stated at the beginning of this literature review,
just-in-time supply chain environments require trust, responsibility, innovation, and motivation
for them to be effective, and that also resonates with human involvement. Organizations are
responsible for creating work cultures that embody each of these aspects so that a strategy like
just-in-time can be successfully established.
Questions for Further Research
Further research in this area requires breaking down the impact just-in-time has on a
supply chain in more extensive detail. Research should focus on analyzing organizations that
have implemented just-in-time in their supply chain and see the similarities and differences
throughout different supply chains. Mainly focus on analyzing organizations’ performance
utilizing longitudinal studies to support the benefits of just-in-time. Research should observe the
changes within an organization throughout the implementation of just-in-time and push the limits
to see how much just-in-time can evolve in supporting supply chain operations.
Faith Integration
The last section of this literature review will integrate faith and learning, with a focus on
the Genesis model. The Genesis model refers to the creation-fall-redemption-consummation
framework, which is a biblical-theological framework for understanding God’s mission. A
detailed review of each part of the Genesis model will be provided. Focusing on matching
learning objectives throughout the course with how they can connect with the creation, fall,
redemption, and consummation framework in the Genesis model. Integration of faith into
learning objectives will shed a different light on how to be successful in more ways than one.
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Creation
The book of Genesis is typically one that Christians rely on and look back to for many
reasons when incorporating faith into their daily lives. This is because the book of Genesis tells
the story of God’s work of creation through the foundation of the theology of work. The bible,
states, “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and
void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the
face of the waters.” (English Standard Version Bible, 2001, Genesis 1:1). God purposely created
the heavens and earth to display His glory. After creating the world, God focused on showcasing
His power, love, and wisdom by creating us in His image.
As God’s children, the understanding to view all things, space, material, and human labor
shows the relationship to God and understanding his purpose. The book of Genesis shows two
worlds, material and spiritual. While reading through the book of Genesis, there is no distinction
between material and spiritual. This was done intentionally by God. Everything we do as
Christians should be viewed as an opportunity to serve God. Honoring his commitment to
creating time, space, and reality for us to live a life full of value and graciousness to serve Him.
God’s work created all of creation, and now our job as Christians should be to work to honor His
love for creation.
Fall
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The Bible states, “Now the serpent was more crafty than any other beast of the field that
the LORD God had made.” (English Standard Version Bible, 2001, Genesis 3:1). Genesis 3:1
describes the fall and tells the story of Adam and Eve. When Adam and Eve eat the fruit of the
forbidden tree, persuaded by the serpent, they break the limits God has set for them. Adam and
Eve’s decision to be wise wasn’t with pure intentions but fueled by evil. Adam and Eve’s choice
to eat the fruit God commanded them not to touch sheds light on how, in life, there is a
temptation that will test you.
Adam and Eve’s simple decision to disobey God and eat fruit from the forbidden tree has
had disastrous results that would have affected the modern workplace today. This marked work
becoming labor to make up for decisions Adam and Eve made. God made them aware of His
disapproval and the sin they committed. God realized his children would still do the work they
were created to do, but it comes with hard work and dedication to live in His image.
Redemption
Redemption is defined as the action of saving or being saved from sin, error, or evil. In
the book of Genesis, we read the story of how The Tower of Babel was built. There is a message
behind this story that there is an expectation that nothing is impossible for a man. God sees that
arrogance is building, so God goes down to the city to remind the people we are one. God ends
up scattering their speech and scattering the people all over the earth. This is punishment for not
following the word of God.
God destroyed the tower of Babel as the descendants migrated, even though they were
related to Noah. The destruction of the tower and scattering of the people are often seen as a
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punishment, but it also means that they have a chance at redemption. God, in the beginning
stages of creation, wanted his people to multiply and fill up the earth. Scattering the people from
the city where the tower of Babel was built helped his children go back to doing what they were
meant to do by multiplying out and filling the earth. The Tower of Babel was the driving force
behind redemption and leading our earth to have many cultures today. The Tower of Babel is
used to teach us about what’s expected when disobeying orders at work.
The builders of the tower disobeyed direct commands from God to fill the earth. They
decide to create their own way of living, driven by a sense of power. God’s idea with creation
was to create us to work together to create good and serve one another in His image. God sees all
his children as equals and doesn’t want them consumed by power. As Christians, we need to
work with dignity and a sense of selflessness. As good Christians, we serve God by doing work
that enhances quality, improves customer service, and breeds ethical behavior.
Consummation
Consummation is the point in the Genesis model where God’s purpose for the ages is
fulfilled. God is determined to deter the evil and suffering we as Christians brought upon
ourselves through consistent sin by converting our sin into His ultimate glory. God promises his
children a new world and a glorious future to live life to the fullest. When Christ returns to judge
sin and evil, he will usher in peace and righteousness by cleaning the world of evil once and for
all for his children.
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God created the heavens, earth, and humans to be in His image and to enjoy all his
creations. Originally, work was meant to be filled with joy. As well as to serve God and his
people out of the freedom of love for God and His creation. Adam and Eve decided to go against
God’s command, and then humans continued to disobey God, choosing sin over their faith. God
punished humanity by making this tougher for us as punishment for disobeying his word. God
decided we could redeem ourselves so Christians can now thrive at work and do creative and
fulfilling things. As Christians, we need to realize work remains God’s gift to us, no matter how
difficult it is.
God is merciful and protects his children from the pitfalls of sin. God still wants us to
continue to live in His image. When we receive our work from God and as Christians, we need to
have a sense of humility and implement our faith in our work. Ones who choose self-serving
work to thrive off power will realize they won’t have God’s blessing. Selfish people will be met
with frustration and live in constant misery due to going against God’s word. The book of
Genesis is a great learning lesson for when we choose to work in opposition to God, what are the
repercussions, and how eventually God will restore His creation so we can live our lives how
God intended us to live since the beginning of time.
Furthering God’s Purposes on Earth
The book of Genesis shows the first interpretation God gives us on the purpose of life and
how work plays a vital key to our faith. Analyzing the Genesis model, which highlights the
creation-fall-redemption-consummation framework, shows how we can learn a lot from this
framework to connect with our everyday lives. If anything, we learn from the mistakes described
by the men and women before us while taking what we learn to make decisions that are God’s
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good gracious. Christians need to rely on their faith when operating through life and making
decisions through business. When it comes to business, our purpose on Earth is to allow others to
use the abilities God gave them to create meaningful work while serving others in God’s name.
Keller (2014) states that there is a tendency for churches and organizations emphasizing
faith and work to be somewhat unbalanced. Keller shows that we often don’t connect faith with
our work, but in reality, God during his creation shows that faith and work go hand and hand, As
Christians, we must incorporate faith while practicing a worldview that puts God at the center of
one’s convictions about work. God’s plan for us was to live in His image and learn to appreciate
everything he has done and given to us to live a fulfilling life. If we remember this while we
perform day-to-day tasks, it will be more rewarding for us mentally and spiritually.
Conclusion
Just-in-time can be applied throughout an organization’s supply chain. Specifically,
quality management, workforce management, manufacturing strategy, organizational
characteristics, etc., would benefit from the implementation of just-in-time practices. If used
correctly by an organization, this gives them a competitive advantage. This literature review
covered why just-in-time is beneficial to a supply chain and how it can be implemented into the
process. Supply chain management was also discussed in detail, along with covering the methods
and standards for the research that was done on all topics of discussion.
Primarily, discussed how just-in-time and its integration into the supply chain processes
were manageable. Highlighting its integration into the procurement, manufacturing, and
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distribution processes. Discussion of internal factors like human relations. Along with external
factors, such as information technology and human involvement. Made suggestions for further
research on just-in-time in the supply chain to build up. Lastly, integrating faith with the
reviewed literature and course material to the Genesis model. Focusing on the creation-fall-
redemption-consummation framework. Each area of the framework was reviewed to provide a
better connection between faith and work. This connection goes to show gratitude for the gifts
God gave each of us, to serve the Lord and realize that our faith plays a major part in our work
lives as much as it affects our personal lives.
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