Running Head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
Literature Review
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Date:
LITERATURE REVIEW 2
Table of Contents
Literature Review .............................................................................................................................. 3
Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Findings ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Shaping the cultures and ethics of an organization. ............................................................................ 5
Shaping of cultures and ethics of an organization in action. ............................................................ 6
How the shaping of cultures and ethics of an organization correlate with organizational design. ..... 7
Ethical cultures within an organization........................................................................................... 7
Shaping an ethical workplace culture. ............................................................................................ 8
Organizational purpose of culture and ethics within the business........................................................ 9
Strategy organizational design and effectiveness within a culture. ................................................ 10
Fundamentals of organizational design. ....................................................................................... 11
External opportunities .................................................................................................................. 11
Internal Strengths ........................................................................................................................ 12
Adapting to the complexity and dynamism of cultures and ethics of an organization ........................ 12
Adding positions and departments ............................................................................................... 12
Building relationships .................................................................................................................. 13
Boundary spanning roles.............................................................................................................. 13
Business intelligence ................................................................................................................... 14
Designing organizations for the international environment ............................................................... 14
Shaping cultures in a global expansion ......................................................................................... 15
The importance of cultures and ethics in a joint venture ............................................................... 16
Design essentials of an organization............................................................................................. 16
The challenges of shaping universal design .................................................................................. 16
Ethical values and social responsibility ............................................................................................ 17
Constructive culture ..................................................................................................................... 17
Non-constructive culture .............................................................................................................. 17
Ethics .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Managerial Ethics ........................................................................................................................ 18
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 19
Directions for future research ....................................................................................................... 20
References....................................................................................................................................... 21
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
Literature Review
Abstract
Companies today must ensure that they create the right platforms for improving the level of
connection with their employees. Sometime, the corporate culture adopted by a given
company may undermine the abilities to achieve better outcomes in the process. While
numerous measures have been put in place to ensure the success of companies, the failure of
the management to adopt the right ethical practices has been associated with poor
performance. With particular concern about the ethics and culture of a company, the
proposed project will evaluate the findings provided through various pieces of literature to
support the main conclusions about the role played by the actions involved in the creation of
superior corporate behaviour in influencing the conduct of the employees and management.
Introduction
Ethics in a company act as one of the significant issues which have influenced the
success of various entities. For instance, it is essential to consider the role played by the
application of the right ethical values and leadership trends in the management of the
operations carried out in a company. While many companies have invested heavily in the
implementation of the right values within an organization, the failure of the adoption of ethics
may undermine the abilities to shape the ideal cultures in the process.
The adoption of the right culture in an organization helps in ensuring that the
employees follow a set of guidelines and values rooted deeply into the ethical virtues of
operations (Moore et al. 2019). Sometimes, the management fails to create the right
interventions which would, in turn, help in shaping the underlying cultures and hence
behaviour of the employees and leaders.
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The culture of a company plays a crucial role in that it helps to shape the behaviour
carried out by the various employees as well as the management teams. The lack of the right
information, knowledge and skills may undermine the abilities of the management to come
up with a reliable framework for achieving better outcomes in the process. Leadership styles
adopted by the respective managers may help in shaping the kind of culture that a company
may exhibit. For instance, when managers choose dictatorial approaches in the leadership of
the workplace, it is highly likely that the employees will fail to present the desired values and
virtues based on the underlying framework.
Findings
One of the significant factors that have been associated with the success of companies
is the ability of the management to exhibit the right skills and approaches in the process. The
management plays a crucial role in that it helps in the creation of a reliable framework for the
achievement of the desired performance. The management plays an essential role in that it
helps in shaping the behaviour exhibited by the employees in the workplace.
However, one of the significant challenges that have been associated with the
occurrence of poor connection between the employees and the workplace is the lack of
sufficient skills to create an accommodating workplace. The creation of a superior culture
plays a crucial part in influencing the behaviour of the employees and the management in the
workplace hence promoting ethics and hence success (Chen & King, 2018).
In most cases, the success of a company in achieving the desired outcomes is based on
the ability to shape the corporate culture. There are diverse approaches that can be used in
forming the behaviour of the workplace and the respective employees. For instance, when
considering the elements of shaping the behaviour of the employees, the firm in the context
should look into the adoption of the best leadership styles. Leadership styles which are driven
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by ethics can help in the creation of the ultimate framework for shaping the behaviour
associated with the operations of the employees in the workplace. While numerous measures
have been put in place in the past to handle cases of ethics, the connection and engagement of
the management teams in the process can help in reducing the risks of resistance to change
(Schwab & Davis, 2018).
When the support comes from the senior management teams, it is possible to create a
reliable framework for improving the behaviour associated with the employees. The past
literature shows that the management plays a critical role in ensuring that the respective
companies adopt the right ethical guidelines, practice and hence cultures to guarantee positive
performance in the process. Through the evaluation of the significant themes that have been
identified in the past literature, this section offers a platform for improving the level of
success of the workers from a cultural, conduct and ethical dimensions.
Shaping the cultures and ethics of an organization.
The management plays a crucial part in ensuring that the workplace follows a set of
guidelines which in turn help in shaping the ethics and culture of the employees. One of the
ways that have been associated with the role played by the management in shaping the
culture and ethics of the workplace is the adoption of the right leadership skills. The culture
of a company is based on the kind of behaviour that the employees and management teams
exhibit. The right skills and values are adopted through the direction which the management
sets in the workplace.
For instance, when the management creates the right interventions and values, it is
possible to reduce the risks of poor connection with the employees (Driskill, 2018). For
instance, the management helps in ensuring that the employees exhibit the right skills and
virtues. Such virtues are rooted in the culture adopted by the workplace. To create an
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influential culture which is driven by ethics, the management needs to ensure that it
implements ethics in the workplace. Ethics can be achieved through the creation of an
accommodating environment which is driven by the
Shaping of cultures and ethics of an organization in action.
One of the aspects that define the culture of a company is the way the employees
interact with each other. Some of the companies today have poorly connected employees,
which is based on the inability of the workers to exhibit the right skills to support
communication and collaboration. In the healthcare sector, nurses and doctors are expected to
maintain the required level of connection to encourage cooperation and interprofessional
interactions. Sometimes, such workplaces are affected by the virtues instilled by the
management. When the administration fails to introduce the right measures to guide the
behaviour of the employees, it undermines the abilities to achieve a positive culture.
Culture and ethics go hand in hand as far as the adoption of the right virtues is
concerned. Companies, as seen in the case of Apple, have followed diverse approaches which
in the process has created a reliable framework for shaping the behaviour of the employees.
Such behaviour trends from the management teams which create a reliable method for
solving various problems. Through the adoption of a useful measure for handling the
behaviour of the employees, the company has managed to achieve continuous success from
an economic dimension (Warrick, 2017). This case shows that the culture of a company plays
a critical part in defining the behaviour of the employees. When the employees exhibit the
right behaviour, it is possible and easy to maintain the desired levels of ethics and hence the
connection with each other.
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How the shaping of cultures and ethics of an organization correlate with organizational
design.
As mentioned above, the culture of an organization plays a crucial part in determining
the structure and design of a company. For instance, a company that is based on the adoption
of the right measures as far as ethics is concerned helps to create a culture that promotes
collaboration of the employees. Increased connection of the employees with the workplace
helps to reduce the risks associated with the reduced performance reported in the long run.
Sometimes, the lack of ethical codes of conduct in an organization mitigates the abilities to
maintain the right behaviour exhibited by the employees.
Employees who are driven by ill behaviour such as poor communication and
collaboration reduce the skills to maintain the desired level of success in the process. Shaping
the organizational culture and ethics helps to create a reliable platform for improving the
level of connection and relationship between the employees and the workplace. A superior
workforce which is supported by the elements of but not limited to an influential culture
helps to shape the image of the organization within the area where it operates.
This statement implies that there is a likelihood of the promotion of the level of
representation of a company driven by the adopted cultures and ethical conduct of the
workers and management (Santalova, Zemlyakov, Lesnikova & Fatyanova, 2017).
Collectively, shaping the culture and ethics of the workplace helps to reduce the risks of
creating a negative image in the industry and market hence promoting the chances of success.
Ethical cultures within an organization.
Ethics is the desired set of guidelines which define the behaviour of the employees
within an organization. The elements of the adopted culture determine the way the employees
carry themselves or undertake the assigned tasks. When a company fosters a culture which
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promotes the level of engagement of the employees, it creates a reliable framework for
improved performance and hence perception in the broader community. A culture which is
driven by ethics is based on the use of the right leadership styles.
For instance, a company which is governed by managers who have the right skills to
lead helps to reduce the risks associated with poor performance. This statement implies that
the culture of a company is crucial in the development of a superior image in the community.
Additionally, this statement suggests that when a company invests in the implementation of
ethical values and virtues in the workplace, the employees would assume the right behaviour
and code of conduct and ensure fairness as seen in the allocation of leadership positions to the
minority such as women (Longman, Daniels, Bray & Liddell, 2018). Such a trend would
influence the operations of the firm positively leading to positive performance and the
attainment of corporate social responsibility.
Shaping an ethical workplace culture.
Shaping the ethics of a given workplace requires the efforts of various stakeholders in the
workplace. For instance, one of the significant factors that influence the ability to achieve the
necessary levels of ethical cultures in the workplace is the skills that the management
exhibits. Management that displays the right leadership skills helps in the improvement of the
behaviour of the employees. This statement implies that the administration in such a case can
help in the development of the code of conduct of the workers hence promoting better
interactions in the process. Therefore, starting with the management, it is possible to create a
reliable framework for shaping the code of conduct of the employees, which in turn translates
into a healthy culture.
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Organizational purpose of culture and ethics within the business.
When considering the elements associated with the organizational culture of a
company, one of the significant issues which have come up in recent years is the connection
with the ultimate corporate design. In this context, each company requires the adoption of the
right culture, which in turn would shape the behaviour of the employees according to the
desired status and levels. Companies in the various areas of application have created
platforms for the improved level of connection with their employees. While numerous
measures have been put in place to ensure maximum collaboration of the employees, the
adoption of inappropriate management practices has undermined such efforts.
On the same note, it is worth mentioning that a company requires a superior culture
based on various aspects. For instance, the culture of a company helps in ensuring that the
employees follow a prevailing direction when it comes to handling the day to day tasks. This
statement implies that the adoption of a superior culture helps to give a company the ultimate
path, which should be followed by the employees in the long run. In addition to that, a
company which adopts the right management practices helps in the creation of a platform for
improved levels of connection between the senior teams and the workers.
Such contact is essential since it helps in the improvement of the overall level of
performance achieved in the process. Improving the level of connection and relationships that
the employee's exhibit with each other as well as with their workplace is essential since it
promotes the accommodation and adoption of ethics in the workplace. While numerous
entities implemented various practices which are meant to respond to the growing needs of
the respective workplaces, it is essential to note that the success of such entities is based on
issues like the level of ethics and the state of the corporate culture adopted.
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The second significant benefits associated with the adoption and implementation of a
superior culture and ethics in the workplace is that it helps in the improvement of the overall
abilities of the workplace to exhibit the desired image in the industry. This statement is based
on the analysis of the current trends in corporate social responsibility in the various sectors.
Over the years, companies have focused on the evaluation of the significant issues which may
help them to improve their public image in the market. Through strategic planning and
positioning, companies have used the elements of culture and ethics as the ultimate driving
force towards achieving the desired levels of success (Bratton, 2020).
Strategy organizational design and effectiveness within a culture.
Strategic organizational design and positioning in the process help companies in the
creation of a framework for guiding the behaviour and conduct of the employees. In such a
case, the creation of such a structure allows companies to reduce the risks associated with the
occurrence of poor behaviour of the employees and the managers. The primary benefit
associated with the use of a strategic organizational design approach is that it helps
companies in ensuring that they shape the behaviour exhibited by not only the management
but also the employees. Such trends, as mentioned in the previous section, influence the
positive growth of a company.
An organizational design which is driven by strategic planning helps to reduce the
risks of resistance to change of the employees. Additionally, such a strategy helps in
improving the level of communication and collaboration exhibited by the employees within
the workplace (Lefkowitz, 2017). Moreover, such an approach is usually tied to the corporate
mission and vision statements. Such statements act as the ultimate framework that guides the
behaviour of the employee and the entire workplace as a whole. With the development of
reliable organizational design, it is essential to note that the employees and management
teams are connected to a common point guided by the mission, vision, ethical standards and
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the acceptable code of conduct. The success of companies such as Apple is based on the
ability to align the corporate mission and vision with the needs of the employees and the
prevailing ethical codes of conduct (Stöber, Kotzian & Weißenberger, 2019).
Fundamentals of organizational design.
Organizational design, as seen in the previous section, is the collective definition of
the major areas which may exhibit weaknesses aimed at providing the ultimate approach for
rectifying such problems. The tasks of organizational design usually involve the identification
of the culture of the affected company and then defining the major weaknesses found during
the continuous assessment period. In this context, organizational design is a continuous
process which is carried out by the major stakeholders in a company aimed at identifying the
current weaknesses and the dysfunctional aspects of the workplace to provide a reliable
solution to guarantee efficiency. This process usually includes the human resources
management teams and the other major stakeholders to come together and create a reliable
framework that would help in boosting the level of efficiency of the workplace (Hamington,
2019).
External opportunities
In the development of a superior organizational design, the management should
consider the role played by external resources and opportunities. When designing the right
framework, external and internal opportunities may help in the improvement of the overall
level of success exhibited by the workplace. From an external dimension, the affected firm
should consider the factors such as the power exhibited by the rivals in influencing the
buying trends of consumers. Hence, such an entity should consider leveraging technology in
the improvement of the level of connection that the firm exhibits with the external
environment to achieve better performance and perceptions in the process.
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Internal Strengths
From an internal dimension, companies should focus on exploiting their mission and
vision statements. These statements usually form the framework for the operations of the
respective workplaces. When considering the role played by these statements, a company can
maximize on their concepts to create a superior culture that is guided by moral virtues for the
employees in the improvement of the overall level of success. On the other hand, the abilities
of a company to maximize its organizational structure and the adopted leadership styles may
act as the most effective internal strength and driving force for its success in the process.
Hence, the internal strengths of a company such as the mission and vision statements, the
adopted organizational structure as well as leadership styles, may help in boosting the
organizational design processes (Hamington, 2019).
Adapting to the complexity and dynamism of cultures and ethics of an organization
One of the most common factors which continue to affect the progress of companies
is the ability to maintain the desired level of compliance with the changing cultures and ethics
in the workplace (Tsai, Poquet, Gašević, Dawson & Pardo, 2019; Hamington, 2019). The
culture of a company helps to create a platform for changing the perceptions of the
employees and management teams. However, to ensure that the companies are compliant
with the prevailing legal and ethical standards, it is important to implement measures such as
adding departments and positions as required. One of the weaknesses that shape the inability
of the management to adapt to such changes is the inclusion of new and diverse employees in
the workforce. Diversity hence acts as the ultimate driving force for shaping the changes that
a company must implement to ensure compliance in the long run.
Adding positions and departments
One of the solutions that have been recommended in the improvement of the abilities
of a firm to maintain the desired levels of compliance as far as the dynamic nature of culture
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and ethics is concerned is to create departments and positions accordingly. For instance, in
the past, many companies did not have ethics and legal compliance departments. Such
workplaces made it hard for the respective organizations to maintain the desired level of
operations as far as ethical compliance is concerned. However, today, companies have
invested in these departments making it easy to handle the cases associated with diversity and
compliance. For example, companies have adopted measures such as the adoption of ethics
and legal departments. These departments are headed by experts who understand the
corporate needs and demands of the legal and ethical standards as far as diversity and morals
are concerned. Such departments and positions help in ensuring a smooth transition from one
state to the other when considering compliance to the ethical and cultural needs of the
respective organizations (Tsai, Poquet, Gašević, Dawson & Pardo, 2019).
Building relationships
From another dimension, building and maintaining relationships is important in the
workplace since it helps companies in the improvement of the levels of relationships that the
employees exhibit in the workplace. Such an approach helps in ensuring that the employees
and the management exhibit the required links and connections promoting collaboration in
the workplace. Collaboration helps to break the barriers associated with communication
hence promoting the improvement of the consideration and appreciation of the differences
that employees exhibit in the workplace. Learning to appreciate the differences exhibited by
the employees is an essential tool that helps in the reduction of the risks associated with the
poor performance of the respective companies (Bratton, 2020). Hence relationship building is
essential in breaking the barriers to communication and interaction of the workplace.
Boundary spanning roles
On the other hand, while breaking the barriers to communication and collaboration is
essential for the growth of a given company, failing to segment the right boundaries through
LITERATURE REVIEW 14
the creation of roles for each employee can undermine the success of a firm. However, the
roles created should cut across the various boundaries to ensure solid connections between
the junior and senior staff. The primary role played by the segmentation of boundaries in the
workplace is to ensure that the affected entity maintains the required level of the chain of
command based on the adopted organizational structure (Tsai, Poquet, Gašević, Dawson &
Pardo, 2019). The lack of a superior structure may undermine the respect and responsibility
of each person in the workplace.
Business intelligence
Business intelligence, on the other hand, is an essential part that helps in the
introduction and use of the right data to support the growth of an entity. For instance,
business intelligence which is a collection of information from multiple areas of interest helps
in the improvement of the level of success that is achieved in a given organization. Through
the integration of business intelligence, the associated firms can create a reliable framework
for improving the overall level of success as far as the accommodation of the trending
developments in the industry. Further, business intelligence can help the firm to understand
the trends adopted in the other entities within the industry. Such data is essential to a
company because it helps in the creation of superior plans for supporting the creation of
competitive advantage. The primary reason behind this conclusion is based on the idea that
companies use business intelligence to gain an advantage over rivals in the industries and
create a competitive advantage. By analysing the trends adopted by rivals, companies can
identify gaps that have not been responded to and then develop the right interventions for
achieving better outcomes.
Designing organizations for the international environment
While the measures mentioned above have focused on the creation of a reliable
framework for the improvement of the level of knowledge and skills in the development of
LITERATURE REVIEW 15
the right culture, it is important to note that the affected firms should look at the global
environment. The creation of a culture that is based on the needs of the local environment
may undermine the abilities to achieve positive outcomes. Therefore, some measures should
be considered when it comes to the consideration of the international environment. One of the
major issues is the diversity of the employees.
Diversity of the employees implies that the firm would be responding to the needs of
workers who come from different areas. These differences may be reflected in the cultures of
each employee. The failure of the affected firms to create a reliable framework for
approaching the growing needs of the global environment may undermine the success of
achieving the required levels of cultural compliance. When preparing the organization for the
wider community and environment, the management should ensure that the culture adopted
reflects on the needs of the global platform. As described below, such a goal can be achieved
when the affected firm implements measures which in the process would help to reduce the
risks associated with no concern for the differences and attributes exhibited by each worker in
the workplace.
Shaping cultures in a global expansion
Hence, when considering the adoption of the right culture, the affected firms must
ensure that they set standards that reflect on the needs of diversity. Diversity in this context
would help the firm to ensure that the behaviour of the organization is based and driven by
ethics and concern for the needs of the wider market (Kangas et al. 2017). Which in the
process would promote better interactions of the workforce with the wider environments.
Global expansion is a complex process which involves the management creating a culture
which meets the needs of a wider community. Such a company would need to employ
workers from different areas. Therefore, maintaining an accommodating culture would
eliminate challenges such as racial profiling in the workplace as seen in the context of
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McDonald's which has been sued by segregating against the black people in the workplace as
far as the senior management teams are concerned.
The importance of cultures and ethics in a joint venture
In a joint venture, culture and ethics are essential in that they help to guide the actions
performed by the new and existing employees. A culture which is driven by ethics would be
easy to accommodate the new changes (Hamington, 2019). Further, it would be easy to
reduce the risks of resistance to change as far as the accommodation of the proposed
recommendations through the venture. A joint venture would bring in new employees into the
workplace requiring the workers to observe a set of guidelines. When ethics drives the main
entity, it is easy to assimilate the new workers and hence changes into the workplace.
Design essentials of an organization
Two of the most essentials of an organization is the creation of a superior vision and
mission statement. Mission and vision statements usually offer a path that should be followed
to achieve a predefined set of goals. Therefore, through this approach, it is easy for the
management to create a reliable framework for shaping the direction to follow in the process.
Secondly, the existence of a strategy for aligning the employees with the set guidelines is
essential in the success of a company. The existence of a superior chain of command hips to
ensure compliance and efficiency in handling the day to day tasks (Hamington, 2019).
Formalization helps to ensure that the employees follow the set guidelines to ensure success.
The challenges of shaping global design
However, resistance to change is one of the challenges which reduce the chances of
success when it comes to shaping a global organizational design. The size of the affected
organization determines the success achieved when designing a culture and framework for
the global environment. A smaller workplace is relatively easier to manage as opposed to
LITERATURE REVIEW 17
large companies. The strategy used also may affect the success of a firm in the process. For
instance, a strategy that is not bound on the mission, vision and culture of an organization
may make it hard to achieve the desired levels of success. Further, the operating environment
for a company determines the level of success in the process. For instance, a dynamic
environment requires strategic planning and constant changes to the corporate approaches in
the process.
Ethical values and social responsibility
Constructive culture
From this dimension, the creation of a constructive culture is based on the elements of
ethics and social responsibility. For instance, through social responsibility, a company can
create a reliable framework for the management of the behaviour exhibited by the employees
in the workplace. Further, a constructive culture is essential since it helps to promote the level
of growth that each employee exhibits in the workplace.
Non-constructive culture
On the other hand, a non-constructive culture is not considerate of the needs of the
employees and the organization as a whole (Bratton, 2020). This statement implies that such
a culture is not built on higher ethical, moral and legal grounds.
Ethics
Ethics hence play a crucial part in improving the success of a company. Without
ethics, it is not possible to create a constructive culture. Without ethics, a company may not
be in a position to enforce a superior culture as far as shaping the behaviour of the employees
is concerned.
LITERATURE REVIEW 18
Managerial Ethics
Managerial ethics reflect on the aspects of leadership styles adopted. A company that
embraces strategic leadership styles creates a room for improved efficiency as far as the
growth of the workplace is concerned. In addition to that, it is essential to note that the
success of a firm in the process is based on the state of the behaviour of the management
teams. The management that adopts ethics helps to create measures and directions which are
guided by the consideration of the needs of the internal as far as the external needs of the
firm.
Conclusion
The development of a superior organizational design is dependent on various factors. One
of the primary factors to consider is the level of knowledge of the management teams, as far
as the concepts of organizational design are concerned. When companies intend to create a
reliable framework for the connection between the elements of ethics and culture, it is
essential to consider the role played by the adopted measures in the process. The skills of the
management play a critical role in ensuring success in the process. In the process, the tasks
involved in organizational design help companies to create a reliable framework for
evaluating the weaknesses which may undermine the abilities to achieve the required levels
of success.
Numerous studies show that ethics in the workplace play a crucial role in shaping the
behaviour of the employees (Bratton, 2020). The culture of a company is based on multiple
factors. For instance, the first and most vital element which make up the culture of a company
is the behaviour of the employees. The behaviour of the employees may range from the code
of dressing, communication, interaction with each other and formalities to the elements of
leadership adopted in the workplace (Stöber, Kotzian & Weißenberger, 2019). Such factors
should be considered by the management when it comes to the creation of a culture which
LITERATURE REVIEW 19
reflects on the needs of the global environment. For instance, the main direction to follow is
to ensure that the management creates a reliable framework for ensuring that the employees
adopt the right ethical and moral guidelines in the workplace to facilitate accommodation and
compliance to the set guidelines.
Recommendations
From this information, the main recommendation is that companies must implement
the right leadership strategies and styles to support the adoption of the appropriate cultures.
This recommendation is based on the idea that the approval of the right leadership styles
would help to instil not only ethics but also lead by example as far as morals are concerned.
With such measures, the affected firms would be strategically positioned to shape the
behaviour and perceptions of the employees hence promoting a constructive culture.
The second recommendation is on the elements of the adoption of a set of values
which will equip the management and employees with the right skills to support strategic
planning and positioning. Adopting leadership and ethical virtues in the workplace through
training will help in maintaining the desired level of positivity of the affected firms. Keeping
a positive trend in operations helps in improving the level of compliance, communication and
collaboration of the employees.
From another dimension, when approaching organizational design, the management
needs to create a superior culture which is based on the exploration of the strengths and
opportunities from both an internal and external environment. Through this analysis, it is
possible to evaluate and document the right weaknesses and factors to use in exploiting the
current strengths and opportunities to achieve the desired goals. Through the evaluation of
these factors, the management can come up with measures which would in turn help to seal
LITERATURE REVIEW 20
the potentially existing weaknesses in the workplace to achieve strategic positioning in the
industry.
Directions for future research
Based on the information given above, the current literature offers a platform for the
exploration of the role played by ethics and culture in organizational design and development.
However, there are gaps in the definition of the strategies that should be taken to ensure
success in the development of superior culture and organizational designs. Hence, more
research should be carried out to tie the findings in this literature with the best strategies to
use to achieve success in corporate design, structure and strategy.
LITERATURE REVIEW 21
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