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Divergent Thinking
Reframing a problem in a unique way and generating different approaches to the issue.
Escalation of Commitment
The tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a
failing course of action.
Implicit Favorite
A preferred alternative that the decision maker uses repeatedly as a comparison with
other choices.
Intuition
The ability to know when a problem or opportunity exists and to select the best course
of action without conscious reasoning.
Learning Orientation
Beliefs and norms that support the acquisition, sharing, and use of knowledge as well
as work conditions that nurture these learning processes.
Prospect Theory Effect
An innate tendency to feel stronger negative emotion from losing a particular amount
than positive emotion from gaining an equal amount.
Representativeness Heuristic
A natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which
they resemble (are representative of) other events or objects rather than on objective.
Probability Information Satisficing
Selecting an alternative that is satisfactory or "good enough," rather than the alternative
with the highest value (maximization).
Scenario Planning
A systematic process of thinking about alternative futures and what the organization
should do to anticipate and react to those environments.
Self-Enhancement
A person's inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others
perceive him or her favorably), such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and
important.
Brainstorming
A freewheeling, face-to-face meeting where team members aren't allowed to criticize
but are encouraged to speak freely, generate as many ideas as possible, and build on
the ideas of others.
Brainwriting
A variation of brainstorming whereby participants write (rather than speak about) and
share their ideas Brooks's law — the principle that adding more people to a late
software project only makes it later.
Electronic Brainstorming
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A form of brainwriting that relies on networked digital devices for submitting and sharing
creative ideas.
Evaluation Apprehension
Occurs when individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they
believe (often correctly) that others in the decision-making group are silently evaluating
them.
Nominal Group Technique
A variation of brainwriting consisting of three stages in which participants:
(1) silently and independently document their ideas, (2) collectively describe these ideas
to the other team members without critique, and then (3) silently and independently
evaluate the ideas presented.
Norms
The informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the
behavior of their members.
Process Losses
Resources (including time and energy) expended toward team development and
maintenance rather than the task.
Production Blocking
A time constraint in team decision making due to the procedural requirement that only
one person may speak at a time.
Psychological Safety
A shared belief that it is safe to engage in interpersonal risk-taking; specifically, that
presenting unusual ideas, constructively disagreeing with the majority, and
experimenting with new work behaviors will not result in coworkers posing a threat to
their self-concept, status, or career.
Remote Teams
Teams whose members operate across space, time, and organizational boundaries and
are linked through information technologies to achieve organizational tasks.
Role
A set of behaviors that people are expected to repeatedly perform because they hold
formal or informal positions in a team and organization.
Self-Directed Teams
(SDTs)
Cross-functional work groups that are organized around work processes, complete an
entire piece of work requiring several interdependent tasks, and have substantial
autonomy over the execution of those tasks.
Social Loafing
The problem that occurs when people exert less effort (and usually perform at a lower
level) when working in teams than when working alone.
Social Networks
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Social structures of individuals or social units that are connected to one another through
one or more forms of interdependence.
Team Building
Formal activities designed to improve the development and functioning of a work team
team cohesion — the degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their
motivation to remain members.
Team Efficacy
The collective belief among team members of the team's capability to successfully
complete a task.
Teams
Groups of two or more people who interact with and influence one another, are mutually
accountable for achieving common goals associated with organizational objectives, and
perceive themselves as a social entity within an organization.
Trust
Positive expectations one person has toward another person in situations involving risk.
