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Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
a motivation theory of needs arranged in a hierarchy, whereby people are motivated to
fulfill a higher need as a lower one becomes gratified
-most widely known human theory of motivation
-self actualization (top), esteem, belongingness, safety, physiological (bottom)
-hierarchy was good but people aren't necessarily motivated in that order
What is the strongest need according to maslow
physiological (food, water)
What are needs?
goal-directed forces that people experience
What are drives?
hardwired characteristics of the brain that correct deficiencies or maintain an internal
equilibrium by producing emotions to energize individuals
Ways to counteract stress?
1. Remove the stressor
-flexible and limited work time
-job sharing
-telecommuting
-personal leave
-child care support
2. withdraw from the stressor
3. change stress perceptions
4. control stress consequences
5. social support
Job Sharing
splits a career position between two people
telecommuting
working from home
Emotional Intelligence
a set of abilities to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought,
understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in oneself and others
Emotions
physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes experienced toward an object,
person, or event that create a state of readiness
attitudes
the cluster of beliefs, assessed feelings, and behavioral intentions toward a person,
object, or event (called an attitude object)
-affects performance
beliefs
established perceptions about the attitude object - what you believe to be true
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feelings
represent your conscious positive or negative evaluations of the attitude object
behavioral intentions
motivation to engage in a particular behavior regarding the attitude object
Projection Bias
refers to people's assumption that their tastes or preferences will remain the same over
time
Halo Affect
a perceptual error whereby our general impression of a person, usually based on one
prominent characteristic, colors our perception of other characteristics of that person
Selective Attention
the process of attending to some information received by our senses and ignoring other
information
-influenced by thee characteristics of the person being perceived
perception
the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us
Self Serving Bias
tendency to attribute our favorable outcomes to internal factors and our failures to
external factors
self fulfilling prohecy
the perceptual process in which our expectations about another person cause that
person to act more consistently with those expectations
Attribution theory
the perceptual process of deciding whether an observed behavior or event is caused
largely by internal or external factors
social identity theory
a theory stating that people define themselves by the groups to which they belong or
have an emotional attachment
perceptual defense
The process by which stimuli that are potentially threatening, offensive, or unpleasant
are either not perceived or are distorted in perception, especially when presented as
brief flashes
stereotyping
the process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in a social category
Self Esteem
the extent to which people like, respect, and are satisfied with themselves
Self Verification
a person's inherent motivation to confirm and maintain his or her existing self-concept
Self Enhancement
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a person's inherent motivation to have a positive self-concept (and to have others
perceive him or her favorably), such as being competent, attractive, lucky, ethical, and
important
Self Centering
...
Carl Young
created the MBTI test, work with personality
-personality is mainly represented by the individual's preferences regarding perceiving
and judging information
Myers Briggs (MBTI)
an instrument designed to measure the elements of Jungian personality theory,
particularly preferences regarding perceiving and judging information
-helps us understand how to work with others
locus of control
a person's general belief about the amount of control he or she has over personal life
events
Is introvert or extrovert better?
We are all created differently by God, no type is better than the other
Role Clarity
when employees understand the priority of of their various tasks and performance
expectations
Role Perception
the degree to which a person understands the job duties assigned to or expected of him
or her
-how someone understands their role
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
organizational activities intended to benefit society and the environment beyond the
firm's immediate financial interests or legal obligations
ethics
the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong
and outcomes are good or bad
