CARBOHYDRATES
1a. Summarize the role and function of carbohydrates in the body.
-The role and function of Carbohydrates in the body is to provide the human body with
the fuel it needs to live and survive.
1b. List a carbohydrate food example.
-A few examples of a carbohydrate food is a potato, wheat or rice.
1c. Identify the differences in simple and complex carbohydrates.
-Simple carbohydrates are in sugars and syrup as compared to complex carbohydrates
which are longer chains of sugars. Complex carbohydrates also are harder for the human body to
process and provides more energy to the body while simple carbohydrates are easier for the body
to break down and provide less energy for the body.
1d. What are negative side effects to your body when too few carbohydrates are consumed?
-Dizziness, headaches and weakness are some of the negative side effects that your body
will feel when too few carbohydrates are consumed.
1e. What are negative side effects to your body when too many carbohydrates are
consumed?
-Weight gain, high cholesterol and Fatigue are some of the negative side effects of too
many carbohydrates consumed.
1f. What is Galactosemia and discuss causes and symptoms.
-Galactosemia is defined as a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar
called galactose. Some symptoms are vomiting, yellow skin, and convulsions and the causes of
this are mutations in genes and a deficiency of enzymes.
1g. Discuss the role of fiber as a carbohydrate and how it effects the body.
-The role of fiber as a carbohydrate is to help the body keep its blood sugar and hunger in
check while regulating the body’s use of sugars but the fiber is not digestible by the body.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
4a. What are the monomers used to construct nucleic acids called?
-Monomers used to construct nucleic acids are called nucleotides.
4b. What are nucleotides constructed of?
-Nucleotides are constructed of a phosphate, a five-carbon sugar, and a purine or
pyrimidine nitrogen-containing base.
4c. ATP is a very common nucleotide. Why is the bond between the second and third
phosphates in ATP so important?
-The bond between the second and third phosphates in ATP is important because it’s a
high energy phosphate bond which requires little energy to break but more energy is given off
when new bonds form.
4d. RNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of RNA?
-The major role of RNA is carries genetic information that is translated by ribosomes into
various proteins necessary for cellular processes.
4e. DNA is a nucleic acid. What is the major role of DNA?
-The major role of DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins,
using the genetic code.
4f. What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA?
-The Nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, , , and .thymine cytosine guanine
4g. What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA?
-The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine.
4h. Why are RNA polymers much shorter than DNA strands?
-RNA polymers a shorter that DNA strands because they are only copied from a limited
region of the DNA and are only single strand.
