BIBL 425
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RESEARCH PROJECT: BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIOINS
OVERVIEW
Paul’s letter to the Romans is perhaps the most logical and systematic of his letters in terms of
presentation of a biblical theology, so it requires detailed study. Careful study of Scripture in its
context leads to much better results than simply looking for material taken out of context to
support a preconceived doctrine. So, the good student of Romans will first analyze Scripture, but
always with a view to learning the theological point. An effective way to learn Romans, then, is
to select a topic from a list of passages or sections of Romans on which you conduct scholar
level research and analysis of the biblical text and then explain the results of the biblical analysis
of the passage or section and the theological theme that can be drawn from the passage or section
of the letter.
INSTRUCTIONS
The bibliography must consist of at least ten sources, written in current Turabian style, other than
the annotation mentioned below. For students unfamiliar with Turabian, the School of Divinity
has provided a very helpful guide, including an example paper. Please see the link in the
Syllabus and Course Schedule in the Course Overview.
Consult and interact with at least ten published scholarly sources. Only published sources may be
used. Unpublished Internet sources are not research level sources. Published material, that is
located on library sites, Google Books, etc. are useful. The Holy Bible, dictionaries/lexicons, and
concordances must be utilized, but they are not counted in the minimum number of sources.
These are simply understood components of research. These types of sources need to be included
in the bibliography, but do not count toward the required ten.
A few clarifications should be made regarding acceptable sources for this research paper. First,
the sources you consult for your paper must be published sources. That is, they are published by
reputable academic publishers as opposed to private essays, blogs, student papers, etc. Second, it
is essential that you consult research-oriented sources. These are works that directly relate to
your thesis and the biblical text you are analyzing.
The bibliography must include a one sentence statement (only one sentence) for each source
regarding how the source will address the paper topic. Here is an example of what that would
look like (this is not a suggested source for the paper):
Watson, Frances. Paul, Judaism and the Gentiles: Beyond the New Perspective. Revised Edition.
Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007.
This source will help identify how New Perspective positions must evolve regarding
Paul’s view of justification.
Suggestions for Research Sources
The Romans paper is a biblical analysis paper, which is much different from a paper regarding
general doctrine. For that reason, systematic theology and other kinds of general
theology/doctrinal sources must be avoided for best results. The following kinds of sources will
prove to be most valuable:
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1. Commentaries on Romans that you can use to help you explain the questions in the
passages that deal with your topic. See a good commentary for an outline of Romans to
show you which sections of the letter deals with each of the issues. Your textbook can
help with that. (As a hint, pay attention to the footnotes and sources in the commentaries,
as they help you see other sources you might wish to use.). Avoid, however, Matthew
Henry. That commentary is devotional and far too old to address the issues ni moden
discussion of Romans.
2. Books that focus on your topic, but only if they focus on what Paul wrote about your
topic in Romans. As above, avoid systematic theology sources.
3. A good Bible dictionary (but only one). See below for where you can locate those. Don’t
use standard English dictionaries or encyclopedias for these biblical issues.
4. Journal articles that address passages in Romans that will address what Paul wrote about
your topic.
Locating Good Sources
The student should abandon the idea that one can do adequate research from his or her own
personal libraries. Perhaps one’s church library or a pastor’s library could be helpful, but most
often they will also not be adequate. Few such libraries will contain adequate sources directed at
Romans.
The student should make constant use of the Falwell Library at Liberty University. In addition to
a very large collection of material available in full text online, the library personnel are quite
helpful.
Do not overlook the value of ATLA Religion and Pro Quest tools.
Sources such as Google Books contain many commentaries on Romans, as well as other books
about Romans that are available online, at least in part. Google Scholar is also available for use,
but I have not found they have material available that is not available in the Falwell library.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
C R P
Content 21 to >18.0 pts
Advanced
The bibliography consists of
at least ten scholarly,
research-oriented sources
that are directly related to
the topic. The annotation
states clearly how the
source will be used in the
paper.
18 to >14.0 pts
Proficient
The bibliography consists of
seven to ten sources. Most are
scholarly, research-oriented
sources that are directly
related to the topic. The
annotation states how the
source will be used, but not
specifically.
14 to >0.0 pts
Developing
The bibliography
consists of less than
seven sources. A few
are scholarly,
research-oriented
sources that are directly
related to the topic.
There is no annotation.
0 pts
Not
Present
21 pts
Structure
& Style 9 to >8.0 pts
Advanced
Spelling and grammar are
correct. Turabian formatting
followed without error.
8 to >5.0 pts
Proficient
Some spelling and grammar
errors exist. Turabian
formatting followed but
contains some errors.
5 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Spelling and grammar
errors distract. Unclear
if Turabian formatting
followed.
0 pts
Not
Present
9 pts
Total Points: 30
Research Project: Bibliography Grading Rubric |
BIBL425_B01_202230
BIBL 425
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RESEARCH PROJECT: THESIS SENTENCE ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
Paul’s letter to the Romans is perhaps the most logical and systematic of his letters in terms of
presentation of a biblical theology, so it requires detailed study. Careful study of Scripture in its
context leads to much better results than simply looking for material taken out of context to
support a preconceived doctrine. So, the good student of Romans will first analyze Scripture, but
always with a view to learning the theological point. An effective way to learn Romans, then, is
to select a topic from a list of passages or sections of Romans on which you conduct scholar
level research and analysis of the biblical text and then explain the results of the biblical analysis
of the passage or section and the theological theme that can be drawn from the passage or section
of the letter.
INSTRUCTIONS
The sentence may be submitted as an attached Word document or typed or copied into
the textbox.
Students must be careful to submit assignments that qualify as thesis statements. Ways to
do that follow:
1. The sentence must be a complete sentence. A question cannot serve as a thesis
statement because it does not set forth an idea to be demonstrated.
2. Thesis sentences must not contain grammar and spelling errors. If there is a sentence in
the paper that must be clear, it is the thesis sentence. Using good grammar promotes
clarity.
3. A Thesis sentence is not a statement of purpose or method. A statement of method is
something like this: “I will review all the passages in Romans to determine what Paul
means by justification by faith.” A statement of purpose might be “I am writing this paper
to determine what Paul means by justification by faith.” Those sentences cannot be
defended. A defendable thesis statement might be “When Paul uses the phrase ‘the
righteousness of God’ in Romans he means both a righteousness that God provides and
the fact that God is just to both punish sin and to save sinners.” One would offer evidence
of that thesis statement by explaining what Paul means in the passages where he uses that
phrase and would develop evidence that Paul meant what the thesis says.
4. The thesis must focus on the book of Romans, not on general doctrine. A statement of
general doctrine or something like, “Sanctification is an important topic in the Scriptures
that is often overlooked.” Since the paper must be developed from Romans, the thesis
should state what the paper will demonstrate from Romans. Another example is
something like “Justification has been a matter of significant controversy in the history of
the Church.” That is true, but it does not address Romans.
5. To develop a useful thesis sentence, adequate knowledge of what Paul teaches about
the subject will be needed. It will likely help to do enough research to be clear about what
Paul wrote.
6. Finally, students sometimes submit a sentence that has to do with what the church
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teaches. It might be something like this, “The modern church no longer properly teaches
the Old Testament as Paul did.” The first problem is that the sentence does not
demonstrate a point to be proven about Romans. The second problem is that the
proposition will prove impossible to demonstrate. The amount of research necessary to
determine what the modern church teaches will be monumental. In addition, the diverse
nature of the church will make it difficult to form any single thing that is taught.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
C R P
Content 7 to >6.0 pts
Advanced
The thesis statement is
precise and clearly answers a
research question that flows
from the approved topic.
6 to >4.0 pts
Proficient
The thesis statement
answers a research
question that flows
from the approved
topic.
4 to >0.0 pts
Developing
The thesis statement is
imprecise and does not
answer a research question
that flows from the approved
topic.
0 pts
Not
Present
7 pts
Structure
& Style 3 to >2.0 pts
Advanced
Spelling and grammar are
correct.
2 to >1.0 pts
Proficient
Some spelling and
grammar errors exist.
1 to >0.0 pts
Developing
Spelling and grammar errors
distract.
0 pts
Not
Present
3 pts
Total Points: 10
Research Project: Thesis Statement Grading Rubric |
BIBL425_B01_202230
BIBL 425
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RESEARCH PROJECT: FINAL SUBMISSION ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
Paul’s letter to the Romans is perhaps the most logical and systematic of his letters in terms of
presentation of a biblical theology, so it requires detailed study. Careful study of Scripture in its
context leads to much better results than simply looking for material taken out of context to
support a preconceived doctrine. So, the good student of Romans will first analyze Scripture, but
always with a view to learning the theological point. An effective way to learn Romans, then, is
to select a topic from a list of passages or sections of Romans on which you conduct scholar
level research and analysis of the biblical text and then explain the results of the biblical analysis
of the passage or section and the theological theme that can be drawn from the passage or section
of the letter.
INSTRUCTIONS
Length Requirements: The paper must consist of 9 to 10 pages, double spaced. The issues are
complex and it may appear to the student that more space is required. One of the maxims of good
writing, though, is detailed analysis, but concise reporting. It is often the case that the student
who has the best grasp of the material will be able to address it most concisely. The paper, then,
should be tightly focused to include only material necessary to address the subject for the
assignment and the thesis adopted by the student. Papers that exceed the page limit will not
penalized, but it is likely the professor will stop reading (we all have deadlines) after the
maximum length limit. Make sure everything needed for the grade is included by then. The title
page, outline page (if included) and bibliography are not included in the pages counted.
Research: Consult and interact with at least ten published scholarly sources. Only published
sources may be used. Unpublished Internet sources are not research level sources and my not be
used for this paper. Published material that is located on library sites, Google Books, etc., is
useful. The Holy Bible, dictionaries/lexicons, and concordances must be utilized, but they are not
counted in the minimum number of sources. These are simply understood components of
research. These types of sources need to be included in the bibliography, but do not count toward
the required ten. Cite Bible references parenthetically within the body of the paper following the
quotation, paraphrase, summary, or allusion. Cite reference works in footnote citations.
A few clarifications should be made regarding acceptable sources for this research paper. First,
the sources you consult for your paper must be published sources. That is, they are published by
reputable academic publishers as opposed to private essays, blogs, student papers, etc. Second, it
is essential that you consult research-oriented sources. These are works that directly relate to
your thesis and the biblical text you are exegeting. Avoid the practice of writing that “so and so
quotes so and so” except in those instances in which you are referring to a work in a foreign
language and you are consulting the translation of that work. Third, your sources must be
scholarly/academic. These are works composed by reputable scholars in their given fields of
study. They are research oriented and targeted to an academic audience. These include not only
books, but peer-reviewed journal articles. For example, scholarship related to the book of
Romans would include works by Douglas Moo, Thomas Schreiner, James D. G. Dunn, N. T.
Wright, F. F. Bruce, and the like.
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Quality: In addition, your paper will be evaluated according to the following criteria:
Structure/Organization – The paper must be well-organized. Use subheadings to indicate
major topics. Build your paper on topical paragraphs. Paragraphs must be coherent and lead
to the overall cohesiveness of the paper, building upon one another and leading to a
strong/persuasive conclusion. Format the paper according to the current edition of Turabian.
The LUO School of Divinity has a very helpful guide to Turabian. See the link in the Course
Syllabus and Schedule.
Content – The paper must meet the minimal criteria of 9-10 pages (see next section below). It
must demonstrate serious and critical interaction with scholarly, research-oriented sources. It
must clearly focus on the topic at hand and demonstrate an acute understanding of the topic
as it is presented in the book of Romans. It must coherently present and discuss the topic at
hand. It must demonstrate an awareness of the assumed reader/audience. It must maintain a
consistent argument and line of reasoning throughout the paper. Each premise must be
substantially supported.
Grammar/Mechanics – This includes sentence fluency; sentences must be coherent, unified,
and varied. Be sure your sentences are complete and make use of excellent grammar. Also,
vary sentence style so that the paragraphs are not wooden, stiff, and monotonous. Be aware
of verb-noun agreement, tense agreement, etc. Be sure spelling, punctuation, and grammar
are correct and consistent.
Style: The style of the research paper must follow the current edition of Turabian. The use of
footnotes is required. The School of Divinity has provided a very good resource, including an
example paper, that covers the necessary issues. Please see the link in Course Syllabus and
Schedule. The 9 to 10-page length requirement refers to text only (i.e., it does not include the
title page, contents/outline, bibliography, appendices, etc.). Type your paper using double-spaced
12-point Times New Roman font with 1-inch margins. Students who pad the paper with
irrelevant material, large fonts, blank spaces, wide margins, etc., will experience a grade
reduction.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. Avoid
plagiarism at all cost. Consult whatever sources necessary to ensure adequate knowledge. Your
professor may send additional guidance.
Outline
1. Title: The Righteousness of God in Romans
Turabian formatted.
2. Introduction
3. Body:
Main Ways the Righteousness of God is understood
Explanation of each passage where the phrase “righteousness of God” appears in
Romans
Summary in which the Paper either Argues for an Overall Meaning of the Righteousness
of God in Romans
4. Conclusion
5. References:
Boaheng, I. An Exegetical-Theological Study of Romans 8: 1-8: Toward a
Pneumatological-Ecclesiology. (2021)
Bollier, John A. "The righteousness of God: A word study." Interpretation 8, no. 4
(2018): 404-413.
Culpepper, R. Alan. "God's Righteousness in the Life of His People Romans 12–15."
Review & Expositor 73, no. 4 (2017): 451-463.
Kruse, Colin G. "Paul’s Letter to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary."
Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans (2019).
Matera, Frank J., and John MG Barclay. "Rezension von: Barclay, John MG, 1958-, Paul
and the power of grace." The catholic biblical quarterly 84, no. 1 (2022): 128-129.
Miller, James C. "Commentary on Romans." Journal of the Evangelical Theological
Society 61, no. 3 (2018): 655-657.
Piper, John. "The demonstration of the righteousness of God in Romans 3: 25, 26."
Journal for the Study of the New Testament 2, no. 7 (2020): 2-32.
Porter, Stanley E., and Francis GH Pang, eds. The Letter to the Romans: Exegesis and
Application. Vol. 7. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018
Van Aarde, Andries G. "The righteousness of God, begging for the poor and Paul's
apostolic mission according to his Letter to the Romans." HTS: Theological Studies 68,
no. 1 (2019): 1-8.
Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018.
Research project thesis assignment
The objective of this paper is to provide an explanation of what it means, according to
Romans, “the righteousness of God” and to be justified by faith through the righteousness of
God.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 1
The Righteousness of God in Romans
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 2
The Righteousness of God in Romans
Introduction
Paul, an apostle, was the author of the book of Romans, which is also referred to as the
Gospel of God. This book addresses a wide range of topics that are important to the churches,
such as the ideas of salvation, the laws, world guilt, grace, Jews, Gentile, and Christians, all in
one sentence
1
. It clarifies any ambiguity inside the church and demonstrates how God has been
faithful to his promises. Paul places a strong emphasis in this book on his teaching of
justification, which is how Christians are endowed with grace, love, faith, and mercy1. According
to the dictionary definition, "justification" refers to the process of showing something right or
just or justified in the sight of God. Forgiveness and the act by which God moves an individual
willingly from an unrighteous state of affairs to an unrighteous one (justice). Another definition
of justification refers to the act or instance of justifying one's actions or claims. In this letter, the
concept of righteousness is discussed more than sixty times in some form or another
2
. The act of
punishing sin was one way in which God revealed His righteousness; another was the
resurrection of Christ, which demonstrated God's righteousness by making it possible for sinners
who believe to be saved. The objective of this analysis is to provide an explanation of what it
means, according to Romans, “the righteousness of God” and to be justified by faith through the
righteousness of God.
Main Ways, the Righteousness of God, is understood.
The phrase "the righteousness of God" often appears throughout the book of Romans.
The Gospel sheds light on the righteousness that can only be attained by faith. In the Old
1
Boaheng, I.. An Exegetical-Theological Study of Romans 8: 1-8: Toward a Pneumatological-Ecclesiology. (2021)
2
Matera, Frank J., and John MG Barclay. "Rezension von: Barclay, John MG, 1958-, Paul and the power of grace."
The catholic biblical quarterly 84, no. 1 (2022): 128-129.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 3
Testament, righteousness was determined by one's actions; nevertheless, sinners quickly realized
that they could not fulfil God's Law and satisfy His righteous requirements. Paul makes a
reference to Habakkuk 2:4 in the book of Romans. The verse reads, "The just shall live by his
faith." The following passage in the New Testament all cite from this verse: Romans 1:17; In this
context, "righteousness" refers to God's redemptive work, in which he supports what is "just" by
vindicating his people and rescuing them from their predicament. The fact that there is no verb in
English that is cognate to the noun "righteousness" is a contributing factor to our difficulty; yet,
the concept is that God "righteousness" his people.
3
Through faith, we are able to receive God's righteousness, which makes it possible for us
to live righteous lives. Despite the fact that this was written so many years ago, we still require it
now more than we ever have before. Paul did not feel any shame in connection with the Gospel.
He had faith in the message that he was delivering, and he provided us with the reasons that
explain why he did not feel ashamed. Because it derives its power directly from God. As our
exploration of the book of Romans continued, Paul's words, "Be right!" became increasingly
clear to us. Maintain a proper relationship by faith with God, as well as with yourself and with
other people. He started his sermon off by talking about how unjust people are, which was a
revelation to us. It is impossible for a person to value the wonderful salvation that God provides
in Jesus Christ unless they first recognize that they are sinners. According to3, the Roman
emperor Claudius expelled all Jews from Rome in the year AD 49 due to the frequent riots that
were taking place among Jews as a result of disagreements on Christ Jesus.
Explanation of each passage where the phrase “righteousness of God” appears in Romans
3
Bollier, John A. "The righteousness of God: A word study." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (1954): 404-413.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 4
The word "righteousness" appears quite frequently throughout Paul's writings in the
Gospel. Just in the book of Romans alone, he makes use of this term 35 times. Faith releases the
divine power that results in salvation and shows God's righteousness through the act of God's
sovereign authority. Those who believe get God's righteousness as a gift, which is the more
accurate interpretation of where this phrase comes from. Therefore, those who have faith in
Christ are shown and given credit for it. (Rom. 4:5). Sin entered the world through Adam, and as
a result, all people descended from Adam are sinners. Death on a spiritual level came upon all of
humanity, just as God had warned quite explicitly. Even though there was no such thing as being
"punished" for "sin" before the Law was given, everyone was spiritually dead. As a result, death
became the victor, which required the judgment of all people. Then, when Jesus Christ came to
earth, he brought a gift of grace for all of us. Jesus is the source of life, not death; he brings light
into the world.
Jesus' relationship with the Father represents righteousness and everlasting life, in
contrast to Adam's relationship, which entailed death. The ability of God to declare a believer to
be righteous on the basis of that believer's faith in Christ is the foundation of righteousness
(1:16–17). Everyone is declared wicked on an equal level in order for them to all be elevated to
the same level in Christ's righteousness (3:9, 21–24). Paul says that he plans to go to Rome and
then goes on to present the topic of his letter, which is a Gospel that brings salvation and upright
living to everyone who believes in it. To everyone who has faith, salvation and the righteousness
that comes along with it are given. Because there is no discrimination, salvation is available to
everyone who puts their faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior (Rom. 3:22b-23).
When someone acknowledges their forgiveness and accepts Christ's sacrifice as payment
for their sins, that person is transformed into the righteousness of God in Christ. Considering that
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 5
righteousness is among God's most powerful characteristics, among the many other powerful
characteristics that God possesses, individuals who comprehend what it means to become the
righteousness of God in Christ are able to exult in this mystery
4
. The righteousness of God was
made known in Christ, and this demonstrates to people who put their faith in Christ that they are
able to escape the judgment that is due to be visited upon mankind by adopting on themselves
the new life that is found in Christ.
The apostle Paul was giving us a revelation of what will be coming from heaven in
Romans 1:18 as a result of the unrighteousness of the people, who push aside the truth of God
and engage in the fantasy of their own choosing. We have a responsibility to understand that God
is a morally perfect being, and as a result, He cannot abide by sinful behaviour nor condone
disobedience motivated by free will.
Romans 3:20 explains to us that the Law of God has two purposes. The first is that it
reveals to us when we go wrong. How powerless we were as sinners, being unable to fulfil the
righteousness of God, and how necessary it is for us to have Christ in order to receive the grace
of God; in other words, we need Christ to fulfil the righteousness of God. The second thing that
we need to realize is that although we cannot earn salvation by following the Law, the moral
norms that are revealed in the Law can serve as a guide for our actions in order for us to
accomplish the righteousness that God requires of us
5
. Apostle Paul was demonstrating to us that
there is a method to have our sins forgiven and be declared innocent by putting our faith and trust
in Jesus Christ for the atonement of our transgressions.
4
Van Aarde, Andries G. "The righteousness of God, begging for the poor and Paul's apostolic mission according to
his Letter to the Romans." HTS: Theological Studies 68, no. 1 (2019): 1-8.
5
Miller, James C. "Commentary on Romans." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 61, no. 3 (2018): 655-
657.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 6
In order for Christ to be able to take on the wrath of God, God chose to pour out his
righteousness on Christ rather than on people. According to the Bible, everyone has sinned and
has come short of the glory that God has for them (Rom. 3:23). But how many people actually
get what this verse means? The consequence of the fact that everyone is sinful in God's eyes is
that nobody can ever please God. According to the Scriptures, it is impossible for us to please
God if we do not have His righteousness. For this reason, in God's just judgment, he understood
that an innocent person had to pay the ransom in lieu of man
6
. This person would be Jesus Christ.
If someone wants to be right with God, then they have to acknowledge the righteousness that
God displayed on the cross. This right standing with God was made possible by the sacrificial
death of Jesus, God's own son.
Summary in which the Paper either Argues for an Overall Meaning of the Righteousness of
God in Romans
At this point, it ought to be patently clear that the teaching of the Bible that nobody can
get the righteousness of God through the work of the Law is absolutely clear (Rom 3:20). It is
the righteousness of God, working in conjunction with God's grace, that makes it possible for a
man to be reconciled to God. There is no way that any man could be saved apart from the grace
of God. It was never intended for the Law to be a means by which humans could be saved;
rather, it was given to them as an illustration of the perfection and righteousness of God
7
.
Furthermore, the saving righteousness of God, along with his justification, does not come
through the works of the Law but rather through the obedient life of Christ and those who are
hidden in Christ. To assert that no one is virtuous in God's eyes appears to be an impossible task.
6
Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018.
7
Porter, Stanley E., and Francis GH Pang, eds. The Letter to the Romans: Exegesis and Application. Vol. 7. Wipf and
Stock Publishers, 2018.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 7
Everyone is responsible for their own sin, and the only way out of guilt is by the grace that God
extends through the sacrifice of his son 6
8
.
Nevertheless, one should not let this deprive them of hope. As was mentioned earlier,
Paul encouraged believers to have hope in God's righteous judgment because it will not be used
against those who believe in his son, but rather, God's righteousness is given to us through his
son's work. In other words, God's judgment will not be used against those who believe in his Son
Those who do not put their faith in Christ are the only ones who should be concerned. At this
point, the Christian is in a position to share the righteousness of God with those people who have
not yet entered the new life that Christ purchased with his sacrifice for the world. The work
required to meet the requirements of the Law is finished when a person is hidden in Christ.
Those who believe in the son do not need to be concerned about the inadequacies of the work
that he did in comparison to the requirements of the Law anymore since Christ is the fulfilment
of the Law.
No one will ever be declared righteous in the eyes of God based on their obedience to the
Law. It is written in Romans 3:10 that "There is none righteous, not even one." How then can
one who believes in God trust that God would judge those who believe in God in a righteous and
just way? Because Christ embodies the righteousness of God and because salvation can only be
attained by putting one's faith in him, this assurance and hope can only be obtained through
Christ. This is because the righteousness of God is found in Christ. The grace of God is included
in the righteousness of God.
According to Romans 5:21, righteousness frees people from the shackles that sin has
placed on them, and it is the source of the life-giving power given to them. Since Adam and Eve
6 Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 8
were kicked out of Eden, two problems need to be solved. Remission of sins and the ability to
live a decent life are both included
9
. After outlining the internal state of the follower who has
acquired God's righteousness (1–8), Paul emphasized that such believers should behave in an
external manner that fits their internal state (12:1–15:13). This was Paul's argument throughout
the book of Romans. The only way for a Christian to experience true transformation is to give
over control of their thoughts and bodies to God.
When the Lord Jesus returns, the fullness of righteousness will then be revealed, and
everyone who has been justified will be honoured for their accomplishment (Rom 8:30). The
purpose of the story of redemption is to bring about the glorious consummation of God's
dominion at the time when all of creation will be remade in "righteousness," which is to say, at
the time when all of creation will be at peace with God (Porter & Pang, 2018). This event will
take place at the conclusion of the story of salvation. The bestowal of God's righteousness
involves the gift of admittance into a new world of divine salvation and the bestowal of eternal
life under the authority of God's kingdom. This is because the gift of eternal life is part of the
bestowal of God's righteousness. (Romans 6:12–23). Those who are morally upright are blessed
with financial success, are surrounded by the favour of heaven, are freed from tribulation, and
are never forgotten.
The crucifixion of Jesus serves as an apparent demonstration of God's righteousness.
People who put their faith in Christ are credited with the righteousness of Christ by God (Rom.
4:3-22). Even if we are naturally decent people, that is not enough to make us virtuous. Because
we have identified ourselves with God's Son via faith, God considers us righteous. Paul
addresses the topic of sanctification as it relates to the human pursuit of righteousness in Romans
8 Culpepper, R. Alan. "God's Righteousness in the Life of His People Romans 12–15." Review & Expositor 73, no. 4
(2017): 451-463.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 9
6–8. The act of "reserving" anything as "holy" or "put apart" for God's use is what is meant by
the word "sanctify”
10
. "The Action of the Righteousness of God in Romans 3:25,26" has three
components: positional, experiential, and when Christians see the Lord and are made holy like
him. As described in Romans 6, the second half of sanctification is heavily emphasized in this
chapter
11
Conclusion
God's righteousness is something to be rejoiced in, not feared. To reflect and not be afraid
is a virtue. God's righteousness is what led Christ to the planet to show mankind that God wished
to redeem us to himself. God's righteousness is why God became man; to sacrifice his son for the
sins of mankind. As soon as this idea sinks in, one is reminded of God's grace bestowed on
humanity. True righteousness does not judge for the purpose of judging but judges for the sake
of bringing about justice and righteousness. The terms judgment and righteousness were
contrasted at the outset of this study. This phrase is usually interpreted as a warning of
impending doom, and that is right. True righteousness, on the other hand, demonstrates grace and
kindness. In addition to "grace" and "love," the human race has received these other two qualities
through the life of Jesus Christ10. (When Abraham was told to sacrifice his son, it is a sacrifice
that is unfathomable to a father. Just in time, before Abraham went through with his obedience,
God supplied a lamb to be killed in place of his son. But when God delivered to man the ultimate
sacrifice, no one could replace his son as God did for Abraham, as Jesus was the ideal sacrifice
to fulfil the debt man owed to God.
10
Kruse, Colin G. "Paul’s Letter to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary." Grand Rapids: Wm. B.
Eerdmans (2019).
11
Piper, John. "The demonstration of the righteousness of God in Romans 3: 25, 26." Journal for the Study of the
New Testament 2, no. 7 (2020): 2-32.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 10
We are unable to fathom the significance of God's righteousness being bestowed on
mankind through the death of his son on the cross. The believer may never realize that God, in
his pure judgement, punished his son for our sins to make us right(es) with him. Believers'
greatest act of gratitude is to live a life-centred on and concealed in Christ. Because of God's
righteousness, we should not be afraid to approach him because it's the precise thing that brings
us closer to him. We are reconciled to God when we possess the quality of righteousness. God
loves us so deeply that he gave us his only son. However, we were reconciled to God and his son
through their virtuous act.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD IN ROMANS 11
References
Boaheng, I. An Exegetical-Theological Study of Romans 8: 1-8: Toward a Pneumatological-
Ecclesiology. (2021)
Bollier, John A. "The righteousness of God: A word study." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (2018): 404-
413.
Culpepper, R. Alan. "God's Righteousness in the Life of His People Romans 12–15." Review &
Expositor 73, no. 4 (2017): 451-463.
Kruse, Colin G. "Paul’s Letter to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary." Grand
Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans (2019).
Matera, Frank J., and John MG Barclay. "Rezension von: Barclay, John MG, 1958-, Paul and
the power of grace." The catholic biblical quarterly 84, no. 1 (2022): 128-129.
Miller, James C. "Commentary on Romans." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 61,
no. 3 (2018): 655-657.
Piper, John. "The demonstration of the righteousness of God in Romans 3: 25, 26." Journal for
the Study of the New Testament 2, no. 7 (2020): 2-32.
Porter, Stanley E., and Francis GH Pang, eds. The Letter to the Romans: Exegesis and
Application. Vol. 7. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018
Van Aarde, Andries G. "The righteousness of God, begging for the poor and Paul's apostolic
mission according to his Letter to the Romans." HTS: Theological Studies 68, no. 1
(2019): 1-8.
Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
Annotated Bibliography
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Annotated Bibliography
Matera, Frank J., and John MG Barclay. "Rezension von: Barclay, John MG, 1958-, Paul and the
power of grace." The catholic biblical quarterly 84, no. 1 (2022): 128-129.
This source will explain the thought process of Paul as he displays grace in a sinful
world, how it influences the heart of obeying, grace in life in Christ, baptism, the believer
giving fruit in God, and glorifying God through the spirit.
Bollier, John A. "The righteousness of God: A word study." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (2018): 404-
413.
This book gives the methodical formulation of Paul's theology and biblical knowledge of
God's righteousness, which is necessary in order to understand the theological theme of
God's righteousness that is discussed in the letter to the Romans.
Miller, James C. "Commentary on Romans." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 61,
no. 3 (2018): 655-657.
This source will help demonstrate Paul's argument in Romans within the larger narrative
context of the Bible.
Kruse, Colin G. "Paul’s Letter to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary." Grand
Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans (2019).
This source will show how Paul explains the Gospel in light of God's sovereign action as
creator, judge, & redeemer of the world via Christ. It will provide an overview of Paul's
thought process.
Boaheng, I. An Exegetical-Theological Study of Romans 8: 1-8: Toward a Pneumatological-
Ecclesiology. (2021).
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
This source will help in locating Romans within the context of the first century so that the
circumstances in which Paul is writing can be understood more fully.
Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018.
This particular source provides an in-depth analysis of the nature and features of the
wrath of God in relation to the book of Romans in His full righteousness.
Van Aarde, Andries G. "The righteousness of God, begging for the poor and Paul's apostolic
mission according to his Letter to the Romans." HTS: Theological Studies 68, no. 1
(2019): 1-8.
This source will assist in demonstrating that Paul's concept of God's righteousness is not
only discernible in His act of salvation but also in His intervention on our behalf via
Christ. This will be accomplished by demonstrating that God's righteousness is manifest
in both of these ways.
Porter, Stanley E., and Francis GH Pang, eds. The Letter to the Romans: Exegesis and
Application. Vol. 7. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018.
This primary source will assist in demonstrating that the topics Paul discusses progress
from sin and death to righteousness and will also convey the central message of Romans
chapters 5–8.
Culpepper, R. Alan. "God's Righteousness in the Life of His People Romans 12–15." Review &
Expositor 73, no. 4 (2017): 451-463.
This source will be utilized to explain Paul's instances of faith, the need that mankind has
for justification, and God's making His righteousness apparent to man.
Piper, John. "The demonstration of the righteousness of God in Romans 3: 25, 26." Journal for
the Study of the New Testament 2, no. 7 (2020): 2-32.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4
This source will be helpful when interpreting Rom 3:25,26; the most logical and
consistent reading is that God always acts for the sake of his name, which is consistent
with the term's OT origin.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
References
Boaheng, I. An Exegetical-Theological Study of Romans 8: 1-8: Toward a Pneumatological-
Ecclesiology. (2021)
Bollier, John A. "The righteousness of God: A word study." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (2018): 404-
413.
Culpepper, R. Alan. "God's Righteousness in the Life of His People Romans 12–15." Review &
Expositor 73, no. 4 (2017): 451-463.
Kruse, Colin G. "Paul’s Letter to the Romans. The Pillar New Testament Commentary." Grand
Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans (2019).
Matera, Frank J., and John MG Barclay. "Rezension von: Barclay, John MG, 1958-, Paul and
the power of grace." The catholic biblical quarterly 84, no. 1 (2022): 128-129.
Miller, James C. "Commentary on Romans." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 61,
no. 3 (2018): 655-657.
Piper, John. "The demonstration of the righteousness of God in Romans 3: 25, 26." Journal for
the Study of the New Testament 2, no. 7 (2020): 2-32.
Porter, Stanley E., and Francis GH Pang, eds. The Letter to the Romans: Exegesis and
Application. Vol. 7. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018
Van Aarde, Andries G. "The righteousness of God, begging for the poor and Paul's apostolic
mission according to his Letter to the Romans." HTS: Theological Studies 68, no. 1
(2019): 1-8.
Wynne, Jeremy J. Wrath among the perfections of God's life. A&C Black, 2018.
